the emergence of the limited effects perspective of mass communication is said to have occurred

elaine just received her grade for the final exam in her psychology course. she was absolutely sure she knew the material but received a 67 on the exam. elaine is likely to: say that the exam was unfair.

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour in both humans and other animals. The study of feelings, ideas, and other conscious and unconscious events is known as psychology.It is a huge area of study with ties to the social and scientific sciences.

Psychology and neuroscience are related by psychologists' interest in learning about the brain's emergent properties. As social scientists, psychologists attempt to understand both personal and society conduct. It is common to refer to the science by the Greek letter (psi), which starts the phrase psyche and is where the term psychology is originated (see below).

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Pat and Alex are most likely best friends. The fact that they have developed a close relationship through talking, disclosing personal history, and sharing personal feelings suggests that they have a strong bond built on trust and mutual respect. They may have shared common interests or experiences that brought them together, but what is most important is the emotional connection they have established.

It is likely that they spend a lot of time together and have a deep understanding of each other's values and beliefs. They probably support each other through life's ups and downs and offer a shoulder to lean on when needed.

Overall, the closeness that Pat and Alex have developed is indicative of a strong, enduring friendship. They are likely to be there for each other through thick and thin, and their bond will continue to grow stronger over time.

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The swan-necked flask used in Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation was selected for a specific reason. This type of flask has a long, curved neck that allows air to flow into the flask but prevents particles from entering.

The curved shape also helps to trap any microorganisms present in the air before they can reach the nutrient broth inside the flask.

As a result, the flask remains sterile until it is tilted, causing the nutrient broth to come into contact with the curved neck, allowing any trapped microorganisms to enter and grow.

By using the swan-necked flask, Pasteur was able to show that microorganisms did not arise spontaneously, but instead, they came from pre-existing microorganisms in the air.

This was a significant contribution to the field of microbiology and led to the development of the germ theory of disease.

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Alana's boss decided to give her a bonus in response to her exceeding her targets, which is intended to increase the likelihood of her continuing to exceed her targets in the future. This is an example of Positive reinforcement.

The correct answer is A. Positive reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement involves providing a desirable stimulus or reward to strengthen a behavior, making it more likely to be repeated. In this case, the bonus acts as a positive stimulus to reinforce Alana's performance and encourage her to continue exceeding her targets. Negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction are different forms of operant conditioning that involve either removing an unpleasant stimulus, applying an unpleasant stimulus, or removing a reinforcing stimulus, respectively, and are not applicable to the scenario described.

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Complete Question

Alana has been exceeding her targets for the past two months, so her boss decided to give her a bonus. This is an example of ______ reinforcement.

A. Positive reinforcement

B. Negative reinforcement

C. Punishment

D. Extinction

This is an example of positive reinforcement. The bonus is being used to reinforce Alana's behavior of exceeding her targets, with the hope that she will continue to do so in the future.

A behavioral psychology concept known as "positive reinforcement" refers to using rewards or advantageous outcomes to make it more likely that a behavior will be repeated in the future. Giving a desirable result or reward right away after a behavior happens is known as positive reinforcement. This may make it more likely that the action will be repeated in the future. A student is more likely to continue doing their homework on time in the future if they do it on time and receive praise from their teacher. In many contexts, from education to business to interpersonal relationships, positive reinforcement can be utilized to promote desired behaviors.

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The process of decision-making when various ideas emerge about how to proceed, make decisions, allocate resources, and tackle externally objectifiable issues.

In such situations, it is crucial to establish clear topic goals that can be listed, argued, and supported by evidence, as suggested by Huang (2010). To address the different ideas effectively, follow these steps:

1. Identify and list all the ideas or alternatives: Begin by gathering information about the various ideas and alternatives being proposed. This ensures all perspectives are considered.

2. Break down pros and cons: Analyze each idea and determine its advantages and disadvantages. This helps in understanding the potential outcomes and consequences of each option.

3. Support with evidence: Gather data, facts, and evidence to support each idea or alternative. This may include research, expert opinions, and real-life examples.

4. Engage in healthy debate: Encourage open discussions and arguments for and against each idea, allowing individuals to express their opinions and concerns.

5. Evaluate and prioritize: Assess each idea based on its pros, cons, and supporting evidence. Prioritize the ideas according to their feasibility and potential impact on the overall goal.

6. Make a decision: Based on the evaluation and prioritization, choose the best course of action that aligns with the established topic goals.

By following this structured approach, decision-makers can effectively address diverse ideas and ensure that the best possible solution is implemented, taking into account all relevant factors and perspectives.

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A person's behavior intent is a combination of knowledge, values, and attitudes, which is emphasized in Self-perception theory states that the most accurate predictor of a person's reported attitude is their behaviour.

According to the self-perception theory, people become conscious of specific attitudes through observing their own behaviour. People's internal attitudes and sentiments are interpreted by using key words from their exterior environment, which are gathered as part of their self-perception.

In his self-perception theory, psychologist Daryl Bem describes how attitudes are formed. It confirms that people acquire their views (in the absence of a preexisting mental attitude as a result of inexperience, etc.). According to the idea of planned behaviour, attitudes, subjective standards, behavioural goals, and the perception of behavioural control all influence behaviour. This theory's fundamental elements can be summed up as follows: beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviours. The authors of this hypothesis are Ajzen and Fishbein. The notion holds that a person's intention to continue engaging in a particular behaviour is what causes them to act in that manner.

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The theory that emphasizes that a person's behavior intent is a combination of knowledge, values, and attitudes is the Theory of Planned Behavior.

This theory was proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1991 as an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action. According to this theory, a person's behavior is influenced by three factors: attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Attitudes towards the behavior refer to the individual's positive or negative evaluation of the behavior. Subjective norms refer to the individual's perception of social pressure to engage or not engage in the behavior. Perceived behavioral control refers to the individual's perception of their ability to perform the behavior.

Together, these factors shape an individual's behavior intent, which in turn leads to the actual behavior.

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The reality of mass incarceration is often easier to avoid knowing than the injustices and sufferings associated with slavery or Jim Crow.

This is because mass incarceration is often hidden from public view and does not receive the same level of attention in the media and education systems as historical forms of oppression.

Additionally, there is a societal stigma attached to those who have been incarcerated, which can lead to further marginalization and ostracization. However, it is important to confront the reality of mass incarceration and its impact on individuals and communities in order to work towards systemic change and justice.

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In an early study conducted by Chiu (1972) on Chinese and American children, the American children grouped objects according to their function, whereas the Chinese children grouped objects according to their shape or similarities.
 

Specifically, the American children tended to group objects together based on their shared use or purpose, while the Chinese children tended to group objects together based on their perceived similarities in shape, color, or other visual features. This study highlighted important cultural differences in cognitive development and thinking styles between these two groups of children.

The main goal of the study was to investigate the cultural influences on cognitive development and thinking styles of children from different cultural backgrounds. To achieve this goal, Chiu administered a series of sorting tasks to Chinese and American children aged 6 to 10 years old.

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The legislative agenda is the list of ideas and concerns that congressmen believe are important enough to deliberate about and act upon. The president lacks the power and authority of the Congress.

The 435 constituencies from which representatives are chosen for the U.S. House of Representatives are known as congressional districts.a proposed bill that must be approved by the president and both chambers of congress in order to become a law. No longer can voters over the age of 18 be denied the right to vote on the grounds of their race, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. Except for North Dakota, every state has a registration requirement for voters, and each state has its own registration regulations.

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The giving of government jobs to people who are members of the winning party is called political patronage. This practice has been a common feature of politics across the world, where the winning party rewards its supporters and loyalists with government positions.

This type of patronage has often been criticized for being unfair, as it results in people being appointed to positions based on their political affiliations rather than merit or qualifications. In many cases, this has led to inefficiency and corruption, as unqualified individuals are appointed to important positions. However, political patronage is also seen as a way to maintain political loyalty and unity, and to ensure that the government is staffed with people who share the same political ideology.

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The giving of government jobs to people who are members of the winning party is called "political patronage" or "spoils system".

Political patronage is the practise of giving government jobs, contracts, and other favours to people who support the political party or person in power.

This custom has long been a part of many political regimes throughout history as a way of rewarding political supporters and ensuring political loyalty.

The spoils system was commonly used in the United States in the nineteenth century, particularly under the administration of Andrew Jackson.

A key component of the spoils system was the replacement of current government employees with president or other high-ranking officials' political allies.

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The hard-driving, anger-prone personality is called Type A personality which has a higher risk of heart disease.

Anger-prone personality individuals are easily provoked, to be chronically angry, and respond to many situations with intense and prolonged anger. Type A refers to a pattern of behavior and personality associated with high achievement, competitiveness, and impatience, among other characteristics.

The 4 types of fundamental personalities are sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. Tips to Help You Lower Your Stress which May Lead to a higher risk of heart disease are Learning to say no, and try slowing down when you’re feeling overwhelmed, Learn a new relaxation practice, such as meditation, or yoga.

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Research has shown that individuals with a hard-driving, anger-prone personality type are at a higher risk for heart attack.

This is due to the fact that these individuals tend to experience higher levels of stress and anxiety, which can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease over time. It is important for individuals with this personality type to take steps to manage their stress levels, such as practicing relaxation techniques or seeking professional counseling, in order to reduce their risk for heart attack.

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Term limits are legally prescribed limits on the number of terms an elected official can serve. The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times a person can be elected to the office of President of the United States

A statute, agreement, charter, or other legal document may be changed formally by an amendment. The word "amend," which meaning "to improve," is the basis of this phrase. There may be additions, deletions, or updates made to these agreements by amendments. They are typically employed when altering an already-written document is preferable to writing a new one.

The legislative branch is the only entity involved in the amending procedure. In parliamentary procedure, a motion is a call for action. By using a motion to amend, such a plan may be changed. Motions may be changed to include new language or change existing language. All main motions, certain minor motions, and some subsidiary motions are all amendable. An alteration of an alteration is possible.

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Legally prescribed limits on the number of terms an elected official can serve are restrictions set by law that determine the maximum number of terms an elected official can hold office.

These limits are put in place to ensure that there is a healthy turnover of leadership and to prevent any one person from gaining too much power. The specific limits vary by country and level of government, but they are generally based on the principle that no one person should hold a position of power indefinitely. It is important to note that these limits are content loaded legally prescribed, meaning they are backed by legal authority and must be followed by all elected officials.

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The ant eaters in South America and the Australian echidna have similar snouts and tongues that they use to capture ants. This is an example of Convergent evolution.

Convergent evolution describes the process through which organisms with various ancestries independently acquire comparable traits or characteristics as a result of comparable selection forces in their surroundings.

The Australian echidna and the South American ant eaters both have lengthened snouts and specialized tongues that allow them to effectively catch ants and other tiny invertebrates.

In contrast to shared ancestry or genetic relatedness, the ensuing similarities in appearance, physiology, or behavior may be the result of parallel adaptations to comparable ecological difficulties.

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The statement" An example of moral logic is avoiding actions whenever you feel disgusted by them" is false. Moral logic refers to the process of making opinions grounded on moral principles, values, and beliefs.

Nausea is a visceral emotional response that isn't inescapably predicated in moral reasoning. While moral reasoning may guide an existent's decision about whether an action is right or wrong. Disgust doesn't inescapably correspond to moral principles.

Avoiding conduct whenever one feels shocked by them may not inescapably be a product of moral reasoning and careful analysis may be needed to determine the morality of an action.

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No, the above statement is false. While feelings of disgust can be a factor in moral reasoning, true moral reasoning involves a more comprehensive evaluation of actions based on ethical principles, potential consequences, and the well-being of others involved.

The study of moral reasoning focuses on how individuals form and uphold moral principles as well as their conceptions of right and evil. It is the cornerstone of descriptive ethics and a branch of moral psychology that intersects with moral philosophy. One might contend, for instance, that although killing is morally wrong, it is OK to kill one person if it means saving five others. Rather than using verbal logic, instinctive, emotive responses frequently guide moral judgments and decisions. People can realize when change is necessary with the aid of moral reasoning. People becoming aware of inconsistent moral standards or unfair treatment of others causes this. To make a case for change, one must explain why treating others unfairly or unequally is undesirable.

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If someone from Canada wants to help someone affected by a natural disaster in another country, there are several ways they can do so.

A disaster is an event that causes widespread harm, damage, or loss of life. It can be caused by natural or human-made factors, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, terrorist attacks, or technological failures. Disasters can have devastating effects on people, communities, and economies, leading to displacement, injuries, fatalities, and long-term recovery challenges. They can also disrupt essential services, such as electricity, water, transportation, and communication, making it difficult for people to access basic needs and emergency response. Disaster management involves preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation measures to reduce the impact of disasters and ensure the safety and well-being of affected populations. It requires coordination among various actors, including governments, organizations, communities, and individuals, to address the complex challenges of disasters.

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Complete Question:

How could someone from Canada help someone affected by a natural disaster in another country?

The general adaption syndrome's three stages is the six stages of student learning General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) is the physiological response your body has to any kind of stress, whether it's positive or negative. The correct answer is b. maintenance.

The first step is alarm, next comes resistance and exhaustion. It may have an impact on both your physical and mental health if the stress that led to your GAS is not removed. So the "general adaptation syndrome" (GAS) theory describes.

How the body changes physically in response to stress. The three stages of the syndrome are the alert stage, the resistance stage, and the tiredness stage. The many stages that people go through as their careers progress are referred to as career stages. Exploration, establishment, maintenance, and disengagement are the different professional stages. The career growth process starts with the discovery stage. It's a period when people discover their passions, skills, and values. They then research potential job routes and obtain knowledge about available career alternatives.

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All of the options listed are actually part of the six stages of student learning. Here is a brief explanation of each stage:

1. Entry Level: This stage involves introducing students to new material or concepts. The focus is on building a foundation of understanding.

2. Association: In this stage, students begin to make connections between new information and what they already know. This helps to reinforce their understanding and memory of the material.

3. Generalization: Here, students take what they've learned and apply it to new situations. They are able to recognize patterns and make predictions based on their understanding.

4. Maintenance: At this stage, students are able to retain and recall the information they've learned. They have developed a level of mastery and can apply it to a variety of situations.

5. Elaboration: This stage involves building on what has been learned and expanding knowledge in new and creative ways. Students may begin to make connections between different topics or apply their learning in more complex scenarios.

6. Application: The final stage is all about using what has been learned in real-world situations. Students are able to transfer their knowledge and skills to new contexts and apply them to solve problems or complete tasks.

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Creating an account and content creation are two examples of primary conversions on a social media website. True

A primary conversion refers to the desired action or behavior that a website or business wants its users to take. In the case of a social media website, creating an account is often the first step towards engaging with the platform and its features. By creating an account, users become a part of the website's community and gain access to various tools and services.

Similarly, content creation is a key component of social media engagement, and it allows users to express themselves and interact with others. Overall, primary conversions such as account creation and content creation play a vital role in driving user engagement and growth on social media platforms.

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Complete Question:

True or False: Creating an account and content creation are examples of primary conversions on a social media website.

True. Creating an account and content creation are examples of primary conversion on a social media website.

On social media websites, creating an account and producing content are often regarded as the primary conversions because they are crucial steps that users do to interact with the platform and give back to the community. The following or subscribing to other people or pages, as well as enjoying, sharing, or commenting on material, are other instances of primary conversions on social media. On a social media website, a user's primary behavior or activity that is consistent with the platform's commercial objectives is referred to as a primary conversion. Depending on the social media site and its business goals, the primary conversion differs.

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During the forming stage of team development, there is a high dependence on the leader for guidance and direction, as there will be little agreement on team goals outside of those established by the leader.

In the forming stage, team members are usually polite and cautious as they get to know each other. They are highly dependent on the leader to clarify their roles, responsibilities, and objectives. This is because the team members are still unfamiliar with each other and may not have a clear understanding of the project's goals or how to accomplish them.

The leader plays a crucial role in setting the direction and establishing the team's purpose. They also provide support and guidance to help team members navigate through this initial phase.

During this stage, team members may experience anxiety and uncertainty as they attempt to define their roles and responsibilities within the group. The leader must foster an environment of open communication, trust, and mutual respect to help the team progress to the next stage of development, known as the storming stage.

As the team moves through the different stages of development (forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning), they will gradually become more independent and cohesive, eventually achieving their goals and completing their project.

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American Indian and Alaskan Native women are viewed as the people who are responsible for housework and to teach the children the ways of the people statement regarding american indians is incorrect.

Alaskan Native is a term used to refer to individuals who are of Alaska Native heritage. Alaska Native people are of indigenous origin, descended from the original inhabitants of the region. They have strong cultural ties to their land, language, and traditions that have been passed down through generations. Alaska Natives are represented by numerous tribal governments that are recognized by the United States government. They are also active in many aspects of Alaskan life, such as art, culture, and politics. Alaska Natives are proud of their heritage and strive to preserve it for future generations.

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One similarity in Eastern Europe and Central Asia since 1990 is : C. both regions have used India's Green Revolution technology for farming

During the Green Revolution, two different kinds of technology were used, with the goal of cultivating and breeding land, respectively. The advances in development are focused on at giving great developing circumstances, which included present day water system tasks, pesticides, and engineered nitrogen manure.

The Green Unrest began in the year 1965. High Yield Variety seeds were introduced into Indian agriculture for the first time. The primary objective of the Green Revolution was to make India grain-dependent.

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True: Women in particular are more alone in this life stage than at other times in their lives.

Women are more inclined than men to wish to live alone. Having solid friendships makes it easier to live alone and not feel lonely. Even if they are in a committed relationship or marriage, according to other research, women occasionally choose to live alone because they want the freedom to meet up with their friends without having to ask their partner first.

They also don't want to feel compelled to invite their romantic partner to every social event. They can pursue their hobbies and interests more often when living alone. They often feel more comfortable than being with their partner.

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A measure that records the true value of an intended characteristic is said to be Valid.

A measure is considered legitimate if it captures the actual value of the targeted attribute. Validity in research refers to how well a test or measure captures the data that it was designed to capture.

A measure is considered legitimate when it complies with its stated objectives and is devoid of systematic biases or inaccuracies.

For instance, a survey or questionnaire on depression may be used by a researcher to gauge their level of depressive disorder.

This measure must accurately assess depression in order to be considered valid, and it must not measure any other constructs or components.

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Validity alludes to an estimation that precisely mirrors a planned characteristic.

A measure is considered valid if it accurately measures the targeted attribute's actual value. In research, legitimacy implies how well a test or measure gets the information it was made to get.

A measure is considered legitimate when it satisfies its stated objectives and is free of systematic bias or errors.

A scientist, for instance, might use a survey or overview of dejection to gauge the severity of problematic issues.

This measure must accurately assess depression and not measure any other constructs or components in order to be considered valid.

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Of the options listed, the one that would not help facilitate attitude change is option b: the message stating clear-cut conclusions is backed up by facts and statistics.

While it may seem counterintuitive, research has shown that simply presenting people with facts and statistics is not enough to change their attitudes. In fact, sometimes presenting facts that contradict a person's beliefs can actually lead to them becoming more entrenched in their original attitude (known as the backfire effect).

Instead, attitude change is more likely to occur when the communicator appears trustworthy and knowledgeable, appeals to emotions (such as fear or empathy), and offers a clear solution or course of action that the audience can take. Additionally, framing the message in a way that is relevant and meaningful to the audience's personal values and beliefs can also help facilitate attitude change.

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Active listeners are individuals who are fully engaged in the conversation and do not allow themselves to be distracted by external factors. They are focused on understanding the speaker's message and do not prejudge what the speaker is saying.

A key characteristic of active listeners is that they are speakerd, which means they pay attention to the speaker's tone, body language, and overall message to gain a deeper understanding of what is being communicated. By being speakerd, active listeners can respond appropriately and effectively to the speaker's message, leading to more productive and meaningful conversations.

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The group that is most likely to remember the material it is studying is a. group 4 has no intention of memorizing the words and attempts to determine how the words are related to one another.

Study competencies or have a look at techniques are techniques carried out to mastering. Study competencies are an array of competencies which address the system of organizing and taking in new information, preserving information, or coping with assessments. There are four essential mastering styles: Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and Kinaesthetic. While maximum folks can also additionally have a few popular concept approximately how we analyze best, regularly it comes as a marvel while we find out what our essential mastering fashion is.

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Answer:

A=The dynamic trait is the personality feature that propels a person towards change and improvement. It is a personality trait that includes levels of motivation and putting things into action. This is a trait that varies widely amongst individuals.

Based on the text, why is Newton's work considered one of

the greatest works in the history of science even though

people of his time had problems with his ideas? Use

evidence from the text to support your answer.

Explanation:

What is the Newtonian theory of relativity?

1. As Huygens had done, Newton presented the relativity principle as a fundamental principle, “Law 3”: The motions of bodies included in a given space are the same among themselves whether that space is at rest or moves uniformly in a straight line without circular motion (1684b, p. 40r.).

2. What is the theory of relativity in simple words?

Image result for the Newtonian theory of relativity definition

What is general relativity? Essentially, it's a theory of gravity. The basic idea is that instead of being an invisible force that attracts objects to one another, gravity is a curving or warping of space. The more massive an object, the more it warps the space around it.Apr 13, 2018

Gravity -Whatever goes up Will come back down to Earth.

Throw a ball up it will fall down.

Newton took a feather and an iron ball and tossed them off the Leaning Tower of Pisa and both hit the ground at the same time. Thus he found GRAVITY :)

The model of need-drive-behavior sequence suggests that our physiological needs drive our behaviors, which in turn fulfill those needs.

For example, hunger (a physiological need) drives us to seek food (a behavior) which satisfies the need.

This model is important for someone trying to lose weight because it emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing the root cause of behaviors related to eating and weight gain.

Rather than simply trying to suppress or change behaviors, it is important to address the underlying needs and drives that are fueling them.

This may involve identifying triggers for overeating, finding healthier ways to address emotional needs, and developing a balanced approach to food and exercise that addresses physical needs without triggering excessive hunger or cravings.

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The process in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) produces a conditioned response (CR) that diminishes after repeated presentation without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is called extinction.

Ivan Pavlov, the famous Russian physiologist, discovered this process while studying classical conditioning in dogs. During his experiments, he noticed that when a bell was rung before feeding the dogs, they began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone.

However, when the bell was repeatedly presented without food, the dogs eventually stopped salivating to the sound of the bell. Pavlov called this process "extinction" because the CR, or salivation, gradually diminishes or goes extinct in response to the CS, or bell, without the UCS, or food.

Extinction is an important process in classical conditioning because it can be used to reduce or eliminate unwanted conditioned responses.

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The therapist is likely stressing the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to understanding and treating sexual dysfunction.

Sexual dysfunction can have a variety of causes, including biological, psychological, and social factors. A biopsychosocial approach recognizes that all of these factors can interact with each other to impact sexual function, and therefore treatment should address all of these factors.

By talking to the couple about sexual dysfunction and the stresses that involve both partners, the therapist is likely highlighting the psychological and social factors that can contribute to sexual dysfunction. This approach recognizes that sexual function is not just a biological process, but is also influenced by a variety of other factors, such as stress, anxiety, and relationship issues.

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