Answer:
$756,692
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the issuance price of the bonds
Principal $907,500×0.43499=$394,753
Add Interest $27,225×13.29437 =$361,939
ISSUED PRICE $756,692
($907,500 × 0.06 × ½ year=$27,225)
Therefore the issuance price of the bonds is $756,692
Select all the correct answers.
Amber is writing to an accountant that she would like to interview to gain information about the career field. What information should she include in her letter?
a request for a list of contacts that she could also interview
a request to meet for 15 minutes to gain firsthand advice
an explanation of why she is leaving her current job
a list of the questions she intends to ask in the interview
a copy of her résumé and cover letter
Answer:
answer from edmentum for you :)
Explanation:
Answer:
b & d
Explanation:
on plato
A company purchased land for $82,000 cash. Commissions of $8,000, property taxes of $8,500, and title insurance of $2,200 were also incurred. The $8,500 in property taxes includes $5,400 in back taxes paid by the company on behalf of the seller and $3,100 due for the current year after the purchase date. For what amount should the company record the land
Answer:
the amount that company should record the land is $97,600
Explanation:
The computation of the amount that company should record the land is shown below:
The Amount should be recorded for land is
= Purchase price + Commission + Property tax paid on behalf of seller + Title insurance
= $82,000 + $8,000 + $5,400 + $2,200
= $97,600
hence, the amount that company should record the land is $97,600
Coronado Industries reported the following year-end information: Beginning work in process inventory $ 25000 Beginning raw materials inventory 9000 Ending work in process inventory 28000 Ending raw materials inventory 6000 Raw materials purchased 560000 Direct labor 210000 Manufacturing overhead 120000 How much is Coronado’s total cost of work in process for the year?
Answer:
$890,000
Explanation:
The computation of the total cost of work in process is shown below
But before that following calculations are needed
Cost of Raw material consumed = Beginning inventory + Raw material purchased - Closing inventory
= $9,000 + $560,000 - $6,000
= $563,000
And,
Cost of manufacturing = Cost of raw material consumed + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead
= $563,000 + $210,000 + $120,000
= $893,000
Now
Cost of work in progress = Beginning WIP inventory - Ending WIP inventory + Cost of manufacturing
= $25,000 - $28,000 + $893,000
= $890,000
Boxer Industries worked on four jobs during its first year of operation: nos. 401, 402, 403, and 404. A review of job no. 403's cost record revealed direct material charges of $75,000 and total manufacturing costs of $93,500. If Boxer applies overhead at 150% of direct labor cost, the overhead applied to job no. 403 must have been:____.
A. $0.
B. $6,000.
C. $4,000.
D. $3,333.
E. $5,000.
Answer:
Its c
Explanation:
g Last year Lexington had sales of $884,000 and paid taxes of $50,000. Because of the low interest rate environment, the firm also borrowed some money from the local bank and paid $36,000 in interest expense. In addition, the firm incurred Variable Costs and Fixed Costs of $447,000 and $400,000 respectively. If sales increase by 5%, what should be the increase in earnings per share
Answer:
Lexington
The increase in earnings per share is 44.59%.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Last Year 5% increase
Sales revenue $884,000 $928,200
Variable costs 447,000 469,350
Contribution $437,000 $458,850
Fixed costs 400,000 400,000
Operating income $37,000 $58,850
Interest expense 36,000 36,000
Income before tax 1,000 22,850
Income taxes 50,000 50,000
Net loss $49,000 $27,150
Increase = 44.59% ($21,850/$49,000 * 100)
The following chart represents the cost of producing different amounts of pizza pies in an hour. Quantity of Output1020405070 Workers (L) 2.253.004.105.506.75 Wage Rate per hour$35.00$35.00 $35.00$35.00$35.00 Calculate the cost of producing 40 pizza pies. Round your answer to the nearest hundredths place.
Answer:
the cost would be $143.50
Explanation:
The computation of the cost of producing 40 pizza pies is shown below:
Cost = no of workers × wage rate per hour
= 4.10 × $35
= $143.50
We simply multiplied the number of workers with the wage rate per hour so that the cost of generating 40 pizza pies could come
hence, the cost would be $143.50
The same would be considered
On March 1, 2020, the Teal Company received a $45,000 payment for annual magazine subscriptions (the subscriptions run from the March, 2020 edition through the February 2021 edition). Upon receipt of the payment, Teal Company credited the amount to sales revenue. Provide any entries necessary to correctly state sales revenue on the 2020 income statement. Show your computation.
Answer:
The company has incorrectly credited the sales revenue account at the time of the receipt of payment. So, the journal entry to record the transaction is as follows:
Date Particulars Debit Credit
March 1, 20 Sales Revenue A/c $45,000
To Unearned Sales Revenue A/c $45,000
(To record Unearned sales revenue)
Rommer Company purchases Daley Inc. for $4,700,000 cash on January 1, 2020. The book value of Daley Company's net assets, as reflected on its December 31, 2019 statement of financial position is $4,000,000. An analysis by Rommer on December 31, 2019 indicates that the fair value of Daley's tangible assets exceeded the book value by $525,000, and the fair value of identifiable intangible assets exceeded book value by $150,000. How much goodwill should be recognized by Rommer Company when recording the purchase of Daley Inc.
Answer:
$25,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine How much goodwill should be recognized by Rommer Company when recording the purchase of Daley Inc.
Using this formula
Goodwill=Beginning cash-Ending book value-Fair value tangible assets-Fair value intangible assets
Let plug in the formula
Goodwill=$4,700,000-$4,000,000-$525,000-$150,000
Goodwill=$25,000
Therefore the goodwill that the company should be recognized by Rommer Company when recording the purchase of Daley Inc. $25,000
Pierre, a cash basis, unmarried taxpayer, had $1,700 of state income tax withheld during 2020. Also in 2020, Pierre paid $425 that was due when he filed his 2019 state income tax return and made estimated payments of $1,190 towards his 2020 state income tax liability. When Pierre files his 2020 Federal income tax return in April 2021, he elects to itemize deductions, which amount to $17,450, including the state income tax payments and withholdings, all of which reduce his taxable income. a. What is Pierre's 2020 state income tax deduction
Answer:
$3,315
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Pierre's 2020 state income tax deduction
Using this formula.
2020 state income tax deduction=State income tax withheld+State income tax return amount due+State income tax liability
Let plug in the formula
2020 state income tax deduction=$1700+$425+$1190
2020 state income tax deduction=$3,315
Therefore Pierre's 2020 state income tax deduction is $3,315
Saginaw Steel Corporation has a precredit U.S. tax of $110,000 on $505,000 of taxable income. Saginaw has $205,000 of foreign source taxable income and paid $65,000 of income taxes to the German government on this income. All of the foreign source income is treated as foreign branch income for foreign tax credit purposes. Saginaw's foreign tax credit on its tax return will be: (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to nearest whole dollar amount.)
Answer: $44654
Explanation:
Based on the information given, the foreign tax credit will be allowed to the amount of the tax that is paid to foreign government which is $65000 which is then subject to the US tax limit that is applicable on that particular income which will be:
= 205000 × 110000/505000
= 44654
Therefore, the tax credit will be the one that's lesser between $65000 and $44654. Therefore the answer will be $44654.
[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] University Car Wash built a deluxe car wash across the street from campus. The new machines cost $258,000 including installation. The company estimates that the equipment will have a residual value of $28,500. University Car Wash also estimates it will use the machine for six years or about 12,500 total hours. Actual use per year was as follows: Year Hours Used 1 2,700 2 1,500 3 1,600 4 2,400 5 2,200 6 2,100 Required: 1. Prepare a depreciation schedule for six years using the straight-line method. (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)
Answer:
University Car Wash
Depreciation Schedule
Date Cost of Asset Depreciation Accumulated Net book
Expense Depreciation Value
Year 1 $258,000 $38,250 $38,250 $219,750
Year 2 258,000 38,250 76,500 181,500
Year 3 258,000 38,250 114,750 143,250
Year 4 258,000 38,250 153,000 105,000
Year 5 258,000 38,250 191,250 66,750
Year 6 258,000 38,250 229,500 28,500
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost of the new washing machines = $258,000
Estimated residual value = $28,500
Depreciable amount = $229,500 ($258,000 - $28,500)
Straight-line annual depreciation expense = $38,250 ($229,500/6)
Estimated useful life = 6 years
Usage in hours = 12,500 hours
Actual use per year:
Year Hours Used
1 2,700
2 1,500
3 1,600
4 2,400
5 2,200
6 2,100
Total 12,500
frocks and gowns incorporated has two divisions day wear and night wear the day wear division has an investment base of 880,000 and produces and sells 134,500 units of collars at a market price of 12.20 wants to purchase 27,000 units of collars from the day wear division. what is the minimum transfer price that the day wear division would accept for the 27,000 unit order from the night wear
Question
Frocks and gowns incorporated has two divisions day wear and night wear the day wear division has an investment base of $880,000 and produces (and sells) 134,,500 units of Collars at a market price of $12.20 per unit. Variable costs total $7.80 per unit, and fixed charges are $3.90 per unit (based on a capacity of 140,000 units). The Night Wear Division wants to purchase 27,000 units of Collars from The Day Wear Division. However, the Night Wear Division is only willing to pay $8.45 per unit.
What is the contribution margin for the Day Wear Division without the transfer to the Night Wear Division?
Answer:
The minimum transfer value = $305,200
Explanation:
The company current has an excess capacity of 140,000-134,500=5,500 units
These available quantities can sold at a minimum transfer price of $7.80.
However, the balance of 21,500 (i.e 27,000 minus 5,500) should be transferred at the market price of $12.20. This is so because there is an opportunity cost attached to units supplied which is the contribution to be earned if sold at the market price.
Hence, The 27,000 units should transferred at the value computed below:
$
First 5,500= $5,500× $7.80= 42,900
The balance of 21,500 × $12.20= 262,300
The total value 305,200
The minimum transfer value = $305,200
Copybold Corporation is a start-up company that has a capital structure with a debt/assets ratio equal to 0.75. Copybold has no preferred stock. There are two possible scenarios with respect to the firm's operations : Feast or Famine. The Feast scenario has a 60 percent probability of occurring, and the forecast earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) in this scenario is $60,000. The Famine scenario has a 40 percent chance of occurring, and the EBIT is expected to be $20,000. Further, the firm's cost of debt is 12 percent. The firm has $400,000 in total assets, and its marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The company has 10,000 shares of stock outstanding. What is the difference between the earnings per share (EPS) forecasts for the Feast scenario and the Famine scenario
Answer:
The value of the difference between the earnings per share (EPS) forecasts for Feast and Famine is $2.40
Explanation:
The solution is as evident in the attached Excel Sheet. In the excel sheet the formulas are used which are also given in the second sheet.
For the data values from the question are used.
At the end of the prior year, Doubtful Inc. had a deferred tax asset of $18,500,000 attributable to its only timing difference, a temporary difference of $47,000,000 in a liability for estimated expenses. At that time, a valuation allowance of $3,730,000 was established. At the end of the current year, the temporary difference is $42,000,000, and Doubtful determines that the balance in the valuation account should now be $5,000,000. Taxable income is $14,700,000 and the tax rate is 35% for all years.
Required:
Prepare journal entries to record Doubtful's income tax expense for the current year.
Answer:
Journal entries to record Doubtful's income tax expense for the current year.
No Account titles and Explanation Debit'$ Credit'$
1 Income tax expense 8,945,000
Deferred tax asset 3,800,000
[(42,000,000*35%) - 18,500,000]
Income taxes payable 5,145,000
[(14,700,000*35%)]
(To record tax expenses)
2 Income tax expense 1,270,000
Valuation allowance - deferred tax asset 1,270,000
(3,730,000 - 5,000,000
(To record valuation allowance)
Suppose the risk-free rate of return is 3.5 percent and the market risk premium is
7 percent. Stock U, which has a beta coefficient equal to 0.9, is currently selling
for $28 per share. The company is expected to grow at a 4 percent rate forever,
and the most recent dividend paid to stockholders was $1.75 per share. Is Stock
U correctly priced? Explain.
Answer:
kaya nyo po iyan
Explanation:
nice habbsjsxgjshsbvda
Imagine that two goods are available to you: servants (X) and robots (Y). You like servants three times as much as robots. If your domestic help budget is $4,000 per month, the price (wage) of servants is $1500 per person per month, and the price (rent) of robots is $400 per unit per month, what is the value of the MktRS (market rate of substitution)
Answer: 3
Explanation:
The marginal rate of substitution simply means the rate at which one good will be exchanged for another good based on the current market price.
Since you like servants three times as much as robots, this implies that the utility that one gets from one servant is exactly like the utility that will be gotten from three robots.
Therefore, the utility function will be:
U = 3X + Y
Then, the marginal rate of substitution will be:
= MUX/MUY
= 3
When history of management is traced back ?
A 5000Bc
B 2900 Bc
C 5100Bc
D 6100Bc
When history of management is traced back ?
A 5000Bc
B 2900 Bc ✔
C 5100Bc
D 6100Bc
Five years ago, Logocom made a $5 million investment in a new high-temperature material. The product was not well accepted after the first year on the market. However, when it was reintroduced 4 years later, it did sell well during the year. Major research funding to broaden the applications has cost $15 million in year 5. Determine the rate of return for these net cash flows (in $1,000 units).
The annual demand for a product is 14,400 units. The weekly demand is 277 units with a standard deviation of 80 units. The cost to place an order is $28.00, and the time from ordering to receipt is eight weeks. The annual inventory carrying cost is $0.10 per unit. a. Find the reorder point necessary to provide a 95 percent service probability. (Use Excel's NORM.S.INV() function to find the z value. Round z value to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
2589.56 units
Explanation:
Given that
Annual Demand = 14400 units
Weekly Demand = 277 units
Standard Deviation = 80 units
Ordering cost = $ 28
Lead Time = 8 weeks
Carrying cost = $ 0.10 / unit
Based on the above information
a) For a 95 percent service level, the value of z by referring to the Normal Table in Appendix A) is 1.65
The reorder point is computed as follows:
= Weekly Demand × Lead Time + Z × Standard Deviation × √ Lead Time
=277 × 8 + 1.65 × 80 × √8
= 2216+ 373.56
= 2589.56 units
On January 1, 2019, QRS Company granted 80,000 stock options to certain executives. The options may be exercised on or after December 31, 2022, and expire on January 1, 2026. Each option can be exercised to acquire one share of $1 par common stock for $5. The fair value of each options was estimated to be $3 on the grant date. What amount should QRS recognize as compensation expense for 2020
Answer:
The amount QRS should recognize as compensation expense for 2020 is $80,000.
Explanation:
NS = Number of shares granted as stock option = 80,000
FV = Fair value of the options on the date of grant = $3
N = Number of years from December 31, 2022 to January 1, 2026 = 3
Therefore, we have:
Total compensation expenses = NS * FV = 80,000 * $3 = $240,000
Amount QRS should recognize as compensation expense for 2020 = Total compensation expenses / n = $240,000 / 3 = $80,000
State the main responsibilities of a sales manager. Think about your own potential strengths and weaknesses as a sales manager. For each function (responsibiity), briefly state why you would enjoy or would not enjoy it, and whether you think you would be good at it and why you feel this way. Your response should be between 150 and 300 words.
Answer:
A sales manager has several responsibilities that, when performed effectively, are able to increase the profitability and positioning of a company in the market.
Explanation:
The sales area in an organization is one of the most important for a company to achieve its objectives and goals defined in strategic planning. The sales department's goal is to manage the sales process of a company's products and services according to its objectives. That is why the role of a sales manager is essential, it is he who will be responsible for managing, leading and building relationships with the sales team so that sales occur as planned.
So there are some responsibilities of the sales manager:
Create a sales planset sales goalsmonitor sales progressanalyze sales data and informationsupervise the sales teamEach role of the sales manager is essential for optimal coordination between the process and the company's objectives, so each step must be monitored and controlled in real time, correcting possible bottlenecks, ordering the objectives, motivating the sales team and seeking always the continuous improvement of processes.
Bricktan Inc. makes three products, basic, classic, and deluxe. The maximum Bricktan can sell is 721,000 units of basic, 468,000 units of classic, and 180,000 units of deluxe. Bricktan has limited production capacity of 114,000 hours. It can produce 10 units of basic, 8 units of classic, and 4 units of deluxe per hour. Contribution margin per unit is $15 for the basic, $25 for the classic, and $55 for the deluxe. What is the most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Inc.
Answer:
Profitable sales mix :
Deluxe - 180,000 units,
Classic - 58,500 units,
Basic- 365,000 units
Explanation:
When a business is faced with a problem of shortage of a resource which can be used to produced more than one product type, to maximize the use of the resource , the business should allocate the scare resource for production purpose in such a way that it maximizes the contribution per unit of the scare resource.
The labour hours required per unit of scarce resource=
Basic = 1/10 hr= 0.10
Classic =1/8 hr = 0.13
Deluxe= 1/4 hr = 0.25
Basic Classic Deluxe
Contribution per unit 15 25 55
Hour per unit 0.10 0.13 0.25
Contribution per hour 150 200 220
Product Unit Hours used
Deluxe 180,000 180000× 0.25 45,000
Classic 468,000 468,00× 0.13 58,500
Basic 365,000** 365,000×0.10 36,500*
Total hours 140,000
* = 140,000 - 45,000-58500= 36,500 hours
** = 36,500 hours/0.1 hour = 365,000 units
Units to be produced = 36,500/0.10= 365,000 units
Profitable sales mix :
Deluxe - 180,000 units,
Classic - 58,500 units,
Basic- 365,000 units
NASAA's Model Rule on Unethical Business Practices of Investment Advisers, Investment Adviser Representatives, and Federal Covered Advisers deems all of the following as unethical practices for investment advisers EXCEPT A) inability or unwillingness to disclose sources of additional fees received from those other than the customer in connection with providing advisory services to that client B) performing the initial trades in a new discretionary account with oral authorization C) charging advisory fees that are significantly higher than those charged by other advisers for similar services in that state D) recommending a security based on a rumor
Kuhn does not have any retained earnings available to finance this project, so the firm will have to issue new common stock to help fund it. Its common stock is currently selling for $22.35 per share, and it is expected to pay a dividend of $2.78 at the end of next year. Flotation costs will represent 8% of the funds raised by issuing new common stock. The company is projected to grow at a constant rate of 9.2%, and they face a tax rate of 25%. What will be the WACC for this project
Answer:
The WACC for this project is 22.72%.
Explanation:
P = common stock current selling price per share = $22.35
D1 = Expected dividend next year = $2.78
F = Floating cost = 8%, or 0.08
g = growth rate = 9.2%, or 0.092
t = tax rate = 0.25
r = Ke = cost of equity
The cost of equity can be calculated using the dividend grow model with the consideration of the effect of the issuance or floating cost that reduces cash collected as follows:
P(1 – F) = D1 / (r – g) ….................... (1)
Substituting the relevant value into equation (1) and solve r as follows:
22.35(1 – 0.08) = 2.78 / (r – 0.092)
22.35 * 0.92 = 2.78 / (r – 0.092)
20.562 = 2.78 / (r – 0.092)
20.562 (r – 0.092) = 2.78
20.562r - 1.891704 = 2.78
20.562r = 2.78 + 1.891704
20.562r = 4.671704
r = 4.671704 / 20.562
r = 0.2272, or 22.72%
Since there is no information that shows there is a debt, this implies that WACC is equal to the cost of equity. Therefore, we have:
WACC = r = Ke = 22.72
On January 1, 2020, Indian river groves began construction of a new citrus processing plant. The automated plant was finished and ready for use on September 30, 2021. Expenditures for the construction were as follows:
Jan 1, 2020. $600,000
Sept 1, 2020. $1800,000
Dec 31, 2020 $1800,000
March 31,2021. $1800,000
Aug 31, 2021. $1200,000
Indian river groves borrowed $800,000 at 10% interest rate from a bank on Jan 1, 2020 specifically to finance this construction. In addition, it as has two other debt outstanding throughout the entire construction. A) $1500,000, 8%, 10 years bonds payable and B) $3,200,000, 10%, 5 years note payable. Fiscal year-end is Dec 31.
Instruction:
A. What are the weighted-average accumulated expenditures for 2020 and 2021, respectively?
B. How much interest should be capitalized in 2020? Show your calculation.
Lucy sells her partnership interest, a passive activity, with an adjusted basis of $305,000 for $330,000. In addition, she has current and suspended losses of $28,000 associated with the partnership and has no other passive activities. a. Calculate Lucy's total gain and her current deductible loss. Her total gain is $fill in the blank 1 and her deductible loss is $fill in the blank 2 . b. What type of income can the deductible loss offset
Answer:
A. $25,000 gain
B. ($3,000)
Explanation:
A. Calculation to determine Lucy's total gain
Amount realized $330,000
Less Adjusted basis ($305,000)
Total gain $25,000
($330,000-$305,000)
Therefore Lucy's total gain is $25,000
B. Calculation to determine her current deductible loss.
Amount realized $330,000
Less Adjusted basis ($305,000)
Total gain $ 25,000
($330,000-$305,000)
Less Suspended losses ($28,000)
Not passive Deductible loss ($3,000)
($25,000-$28,000)
Therefore her current deductible loss is ($3,000)
The Iberia Tire Company has 3,000 tires in its inventory which are considered obsolete. Each tire originally cost the company $35 and the normal selling price was $45 per tire. Management is considering two options to reduce these inventory levels. Option one is to sell the tires directly to car dealerships for $30 per tire as opposed to the normal selling price of $45 per tire. The other option is to offer their current customers a $10 per tire rebate on their purchase. In addition to the $10 rebate, the program would cost the company approximately $24,000 to manage. They predict that either option will rid them completely of their excess The decision to sell directly to the car dealerships over offering the rebate will result in:_______
A. A $21,000 increase in profits.
B. A $9,000 increase in profits.
C. A $15,000 decrease in profits.
D. A $24,000 decrease in profits.
Answer:
B. A $9,000 increase in profits
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what The decision to sell directly to the car dealerships over offering the rebate will result in:
First step is to calculate the net selling prices for each group
Car dealership total price of sales = 3000 × 30 Car dealership total price of sales =$90,000
Current customers;
First step is to calculate the price of 1 tire
Price of 1 tire = $45 - $10 rebate
Price of 1 tire = $35
Total selling price = 35 × 3000
Total selling price= $105,000
Second step is to calculate net amount gotten from sales to customers
Net income= $105,000 - $24,000
Net income= $81,000
Now let calculate what the decision to sell directly to the car dealerships over offering the rebate will result in:
Decision to sell = 90,000 - 81,000
Decision to sell= $9,000 increase in profits
Therefore the decision to sell directly to the car dealerships over offering the rebate will result in:$9,000 increase in profits
, determining whether an organization has fulfilled a certain objective is most closely associated with which of the following management functions
Explanation:
Beureacracy functions
In this type of functions there is institutions that governs what each one does and also the laws and orders are followed to maintain a higher productivity
Exercise 12-1 Payback Method [LO12-1] The management of Unter Corporation, an architectural design firm, is considering an investment with the following cash flows: Year Investment Cash Inflow 1 $ 15,000 $ 1,000 2 $ 8,000 $ 2,000 3 $ 2,500 4 $ 4,000 5 $ 5,000 6 $ 6,000 7 $ 5,000 8 $ 4,000 9 $ 3,000 10 $ 2,000 Required: 1. Determine the payback period of the investment. 2. Would the payback period be affected if the cash inflow in
Question Completion:
Requirement #2 would the payback period be affected if the cash inflow in the last year were several times as large
Answer:
Unter Corporation
1. Payback period of the investment is:
= 7 years.
2. No. The payback period would not be affected if the cash inflow in the last year were several times as large. The payback period was reached in the 7th year, which is three years before the last year. No cash inflows after the 7th year will have any impact on the payback period.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cash flows:
Year Investment Cash Inflow
1 $ 15,000 $ 1,000
2 $ 8,000 $ 2,000
3 $ 2,500
4 $ 4,000
5 $ 5,000
6 $ 6,000
7 $ 5,000 $25,500
8 $ 4,000
9 $ 3,000
10 $ 2,000
Total $23,000 $34,500
Read this article describes some of Teddy Roosevelt's contemporaries. In your journal, offer suggestions for at least three more leaders who you believe also reflect the traits of those profiled in this article and explain why
Answer:
1)autocratic leader
2)democratic leader
Explanation:
1- this leader is one who works fast without consulting employees.
2- this leader consults employees and make sure everyone takes par in decision making
sorry only know 2...