Two firms have expected annual net operating income of $10,000 in perpetuity with identical operating conditions and business risk. Both firms are no-growth firms that pay out all earnings in common dividends. One firm is considering issuing $30,000 of long- term debt at a 10% interest rate. Assume perfect capital markets and, for now, no taxes. Also assume that all investors can borrow at 10%. If investors are capitalizing the unlevered firm's common dividends at 15% and the levered firm's common dividends at 16% 1. What is the value of the unlevered firm? 2. What is the value of the levered firm's equity? 3. What is the WACC for the unlevered firm? 4. What is the WACC for the levered firm? 5. What is the debt-to-equity ratio for the levered firm? 6. If you hold 1% of the stock of the levered firm, how can you capture higher returns through the use of homemade leverage? 7. What is the return-on-invested funds (ROI) using arbitrage? Take your answer out to at least five decimal places.

Answers

Answer 1

1. The value of the unlevered firm is $66,667 ($10,000 divided by 0.15).

2. The value of the levered firm's equity is $60,000 (($10,000 - $3,000) divided by 0.16).

3. The WACC for the unlevered firm is 15%.

4. The WACC for the levered firm is 16%, since the cost of equity has increased due to the financial risk introduced by the debt.

5. The debt-to-equity ratio for the levered firm is 0.5 ($30,000 debt divided by $60,000 equity).

6. By borrowing at 10% and investing in the levered firm's equity, an investor could earn the levered firm's ROI of 16% and use the difference between the cost of debt and the cost of equity (6%) as additional return on their invested funds. This is known as homemade leverage.

7. The ROI using arbitrage would be 5.77687%. This is calculated by taking the difference in the levered and unlevered firm's ROI (1%), dividing by the debt-to-equity ratio (0.5), and adding the result to the unlevered firm's ROI (15%).

In summary, issuing debt has increased the cost of equity for the levered firm and introduced financial risk, resulting in a higher WACC and a lower equity value compared to the unlevered firm.

However, investors can use homemade leverage to capture additional return on their invested funds. Finally, arbitrage can be used to determine the ROI that can be earned through exploiting the differences in the two firms' financing strategies.

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Related Questions

what is the pure-play approach? multiple choice question. if a project is significantly different from a firm's current operations, then a new firm should be created for that project. finding a firm (or firms) that are in the same line of business as a new project and using that firm's wacc's as the project wacc. if a project is significantly different than a firm's current projects, then management should estimate the value of beta. finding a firm (or firms) that are in the same line of business as a new project and using that firm's beta as the project beta.

Answers

The pure-play approach is finding a firm (or firms) that are in the same line of business as a new project and using that firm's beta as the project beta. The correct option is d.

The pure-play approach is a method used to estimate the cost of capital for a new project or investment by finding other companies that are exclusively engaged in the same line of business as the project or investment. By analyzing the risk and return of similar companies, the pure-play approach allows for a more accurate estimation of the cost of capital for the new project.

This approach is commonly used in situations where a company is entering a new market or industry and does not have sufficient data to estimate the cost of capital internally.

The correct option is d.

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organizational development managers and consultants follow a moving-vehicle model. group startstrue or false

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Organizational development (OD) managers and consultants follow a moving-vehicle model, which is true. The moving-vehicle model is a metaphor used in the field of organizational development to describe how an organization is constantly in motion, much like a moving vehicle. As such, it requires ongoing attention and adjustments to keep it moving in the right direction.

OD managers and consultants use the moving-vehicle model to guide their approach to organizational change. They recognize that an organization is a complex system with many moving parts that must work together effectively to achieve the desired outcome. The moving-vehicle model emphasizes that organizational change is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and adjustment to keep the organization on track.

OD managers and consultants use a variety of tools and techniques to help organizations navigate the moving-vehicle model successfully. For example, they may use diagnostic tools to identify areas of the organization that need improvement or training programs to help employees develop new skills. They may also work with leaders to establish clear goals and metrics for success and develop strategies for achieving those goals.

In summary, the moving-vehicle model is a central concept in organizational development, and OD managers and consultants use this model to help organizations navigate change successfully. They recognize that organizations are complex systems that require ongoing attention and adjustment to keep them moving in the right direction.

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Fabulous Fabricators needs to decide how to allocate space in its production facility this year. It is considering the following contracts?
Contract NPV Use of Facility
A 1.99 million 100%
B 0.98 million 57%
C 1.51 million 43%
A. What are the profitability indexes of the projects?
B. What should fabulous Fabricators do?

Answers

Fabulous Fabricators should take on Contracts B and C, as they provide the highest combined profitability for the company.

A. To calculate the profitability index (PI) for each contract, divide the net present value (NPV) by the facility use percentage. Here's the calculation for each contract:

Contract A:
PI = NPV / Use of Facility
PI = 1.99 million / 100%
PI = 1.99 million / 1
PI = 1.99

Contract B:
PI = NPV / Use of Facility
PI = 0.98 million / 57%
PI = 0.98 million / 0.57
PI = 1.72

Contract C:
PI = NPV / Use of Facility
PI = 1.51 million / 43%
PI = 1.51 million / 0.43
PI = 3.51

B. Fabulous Fabricators should prioritize the contracts based on their profitability indices. The higher the PI, the better the project. In this case, the ranking would be:

1. Contract C (PI = 3.51)
2. Contract B (PI = 1.72)
3. Contract A (PI = 1.99)

Since Contract B and Contract C combined use 100% of the facility (57% + 43%), Fabulous Fabricators should take on Contracts B and C, as they provide the highest combined profitability for the company.

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1). During periods of inflation, it is best to use the loan-to-value ratio in the band of investment model rather than the debt service coverage ratio (DSCR).
Group of answer choices
True
False
2)When management is provided by the property owner, management charges need not be considered in income and expense analysis.
Group of answer choices
True
False

Answers

1)The statement "During periods of inflation, it is best to use the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) in the band of investment model rather than the loan-to-value ratio." is false.

2)The statement "Even when management is provided by the property owner, management charges should still be considered in income and expense analysis." is false.


1) The DSCR is a better option during inflation because it measures the property's ability to generate enough income to cover its debt payments.

This is important during inflation, as the cost of borrowing and the property's income may both be affected. Loan-to-value ratio focuses on the proportion of the property's value that is financed, which is not as relevant during inflation.

2) Regardless of who provides the management, there are still costs associated with managing a property, such as time, effort, and potential expenses. Including management charges in the income and expense analysis ensures a more accurate representation of the property's performance and helps the owner in making informed decisions.

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[Mcdonald’s, a big burger joint, is charging $5 for its very famous Big Mac hamburger and selling around 20 million Big Mac in a year in Singapore.]
[Suppose Mcdonald’s increases the price of its Big Mac to $6 and still manages to sell the same quantity of the Big Mac. How much revenue will Mcdonald’s gain? What can you infer about the price elasticity of demand (PED) for Mcdonald’s Big Mac? Assume in an alternative scenario, the increase in the price of Big Mac to $ 6 reduces its quantity sold to 18 million. How much revenue will Mcdonald’s gain now? What can you conclude about the PED now? (4 Marks)]
[Given the two scenarios presented in part a, which one do you think is more likely and why? Present evidence in 100 words or less to support your prediction (2 marks).]
[Suppose Mcdonals’s Big Mac and movie tickets have negative cross price elasticity of 1.5. What does this number tell us on the relationship between the Big Mac and movie tickets? Suppose, The Golden Village (GV), Singapore’s leading cinema exhibitor, decides to increase the price of its movie tickets by 10%. How will this development affect McDonald’s pricing decisions as indicated in part (a)? Discuss both the scenarios (as presented in part (a)) in 200 or less words. (4 marks)]

Answers

If McDonald's increases the price of its Big Mac to $6 and still sells 20 million, the revenue gained would be $120 million (20 million x $6). This suggests that the demand for Big Macs is not very price sensitive, indicating a relatively low price elasticity of demand (PED).

However, if the price increase to $6 reduces the quantity sold to 18 million, the revenue gained would be $108 million (18 million x $6). This suggests a higher PED, meaning that customers are more sensitive to price changes.

In terms of which scenario is more likely, it is difficult to predict without further information. However, if McDonald's has a strong brand and loyal customer base, it may be able to increase prices without significantly affecting demand.

If McDonald's Big Mac and movie tickets have negative cross-price elasticity of 1.5, this suggests that they are complementary goods. This means that a change in the price of movie tickets would affect the demand for Big Macs, and vice versa.

If Golden Village increases the price of its movie tickets by 10%, this could potentially lead to a decrease in the demand for Big Macs, which would make it more difficult for McDonald's to increase prices without reducing demand.

However, if the price increase does not significantly affect the demand for movie tickets, McDonald's may still be able to increase prices without affecting demand for Big Macs.

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a _____ marketing strategy focuses on producing several products and pricing, promoting, and distributing them with several marketing mixes designed to satisfy smaller segments.

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A differentiated marketing strategy focuses on producing several products and pricing, promoting, and distributing them with several marketing mixes designed to satisfy smaller segments.

Differentiated marketing is a strategy used by businesses to develop a number of campaigns that target various customer and audience segments. Marketing teams may share the same product with distinct target categories with tailored messaging or advertise separate products to different market segments.

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stores that combine a supermarket with a full-line discount store are called ______

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Stores that combine a supermarket with a full-line discount store are called "hypermarkets" or "supercenters." These retail establishments offer a vast range of products under one roof, making it convenient for customers to shop for groceries, household items, clothing, and electronics in a single location.

Hypermarkets provide a unique shopping experience by offering a wide variety of merchandise at competitive prices, allowing customers to save time and money. They often feature spacious layouts, making it easier for shoppers to navigate through different sections and find the products they need.

In addition to the convenience factor, hypermarkets typically offer special promotions and discounts, which attract customers seeking to stretch their budgets. Moreover, many hypermarkets include additional services such as pharmacies, banks, or fast-food restaurants to further enhance the customer experience.

Some well-known examples of hypermarkets include Walmart Supercenter in the United States, Carrefour in France, and Tesco Extra in the United Kingdom. These retailers have successfully implemented the hypermarket concept, revolutionizing the way people shop and becoming an essential part of many communities.

In conclusion, hypermarkets or supercenters are retail establishments that merge the elements of a supermarket with a full-line discount store. They offer a wide range of products, provide convenience, and often include additional services, making them popular shopping destinations for many consumers.

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Brightstone Tire and Rubber Company has capacity to produce 196,000 tires. Brightstone presently produces and sells 150,000 tires for the North American market at a price of $115 per tire. Brightstone is evaluating a special order from a European automobile company, Euro Motors. Euro is offering to buy 23,000 tires for $94. 15 per tire. Brightstone's accounting system indicates that the total cost per tire is as follows:

Answers

The minimum price per unit that would be financially acceptable to Brightstone is $129.37.

To determine the minimum price per unit that would be financially acceptable to Brightstone, we need to calculate the incremental cost of producing and selling the additional 23,000 tires.

The direct material cost per tire is $56, the direct labor cost is $22, and the factory overhead cost is $25, of which $15 is variable (60% of $25). The total variable cost per tire is therefore $103 ($56 + $22 + $25 - $15).

The selling and administrative expenses per tire are $26, of which $11.70 is variable (45% of $26). Therefore, the total variable cost per tire including selling and administrative expenses is $114.70 ($103 + $11.70).

Adding the shipping cost per tire of $7.50 and the certification cost of $165,000 divided by 23,000 units or $7.17 per tire, the total incremental cost per tire is $129.37 ($114.70 + $7.50 + $7.17).

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Complete question is:

Brightstone Tire and Rubber Company has capacity to produce 196,000 tires. Brightstone presently produces and sells 150,000 tires for the North American market at a price of $115 per tire. Brightstone is evaluating a special order from a European automobile company, Euro Motors. Euro is offering to buy 23,000 tires for $94. 15 per tire. Brightstone's accounting system indicates that the total cost per tire is as follows:

Direct materials       $56

Direct labor                  22

Factory overhead (60% variable)       25

Selling and administrative expenses (45% variable)     26

Total             $129

Brightstone pays a selling commission equal to 5% of the selling price on North American orders, which is included in the variable portion of the selling and administrative expenses. However, this special order would not have a sales commission. If the order was accepted, the tires would be shipped overseas for an additional shipping cost of $7.50 per tire. In addition, Euro has made the order conditional on receiving European safety certification. Brightstone estimates that this certification would cost $165,000.

What is minimum price per unit that would be financially acceptable to Brightstone?

the result of team building among the project's participants that states their common goals for the project as well as the procedures that will be used to achieve these goals is a question 23 options: signed contract. legal partnership agreement. project plan. partnering charter. responsibility matrix.

Answers

The result of team building among the project's participants that states their common goals for the project as well as the procedures that will be used to achieve these goals is a "partnering charter". The correct option is D.

Team building is the term which is performed in the organization and business to perform the role of project management, the project manager guides the team member on how to perform the project best and do better in the given project.

The partnering charter is helped in the project's participants to set common goals and be aware of the deadline for the submission of the project.The project manager have to do several role and management to work on any project with the team building.

Therefore, the correct option is D, which is partnering charter.

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the conformance perspective of quality focuses on how well the characteristics of a particular product of service align with the needs of a specific user true or false

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The conformance view of quality concentrates on how agreeably the features of a certain product or service align with the needs of a specific user. This statement is False.

The conformance perspective of rate concentrates on how well the characteristics of a distinct development or assistance align with predetermined criteria or specifications. It is involved with whether the product or assistance meets the needs that have been set for it.

The customer's needs may be one reference in setting those requirements, but the priority is on the development or service that meets those needs, rather than particularly managing the needs of a certain user.

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The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.a. Trueb. False

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The statement "The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares" is True.

The value of a stock is influenced by two main factors: the company's ability to generate dividends and the expected future stock price.

Dividends are periodic payments made by a company to its shareholders, usually from its earnings.

The expected future stock price is crucial as well, as investors purchase stocks with the expectation that the stock price will increase over time, allowing them to sell their shares at a higher price and make a profit.

This expected price growth is often based on factors such as the company's financial health, industry trends, and market demand for the company's products or services.

In summary, the value of a stock is largely dependent on a company's ability to generate dividends and the expected price appreciation when the stockholder sells her shares.

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which method of bond amortization amortizes the premiums/discounts accurately and is considered a conceptually superior method? multiple choice question. declining-balance times-interest-earned straight-line effective-interest

Answers

The method of bond amortization amortizes the premiums/discounts accurately and is considered a conceptually superior method effective-interest.

Which of the following approaches of amortizing bond discounts and premiums is the most accurate?

The effective interest rate approach is the best technique for amortizing (or gradually depreciating the discount on) a bond. Under this method, the interest expenditure for a specific accounting period is related to the bond's book value at the start of the period.

Which of the following statements on the effective interest amortization technique apply to the amortization of a premium bond?

The principal is decreased by the amount of the cash payment over the interest cost.

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power related to who you know vertically and horizontally, inside and outside of the organization can be referred to as

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Organizational structure or formal hierarchy do not define horizontal power. Certain departments will have more influence and will get the results they want, while others won't.

Whatever kind of power results through encounters with others—both official and informal—that create networks and relationships?

Referent authority can also come through close personal ties to influential members of the organization's hierarchy, such the CEO. Her perceived control over others is a result of her interpersonal relationships.

Of the following, which best describes coercive power?

A manager's capacity to compel an employee to follow instructions by threatening to discipline the employee if the employee disobeys the order is known as coercive power.

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Exercise 5 (5 points)
You have a portfolio consisting of two stocks A and B, according to portfolio theory:
(a) on what would the risk of this portfolio depend?
b) under what condition would your portfolio reach the maximum risk level?
c) under what condition would your portfolio reach the minimum risk level?

Answers

Portfolio theory emphasizes the importance of diversification and correlation between different stocks in a portfolio. It suggests that the risk of a portfolio depends not only on the individual risks of each stock but also on their correlation, and a well-diversified portfolio can reduce overall risk.

(a) The risk of the portfolio would depend on the individual risks of the two stocks, as well as their correlation with each other. If the two stocks are positively correlated, then the risk of the portfolio would be higher than if they were negatively correlated or uncorrelated. Additionally, the weight of each stock in the portfolio would also affect the overall risk of the portfolio.

(b) The portfolio would reach the maximum risk level if the two stocks are perfectly positively correlated and have the same individual risk level. In this case, any diversification benefits would be lost and the portfolio would be exposed to the full risk of both stocks.

(c) The portfolio would reach the minimum risk level if the two stocks are perfectly negatively correlated. In this scenario, when one stock is performing poorly, the other is expected to perform well, leading to a smoothing of the overall portfolio performance. In such a situation, the risk of the portfolio would be lower than the individual risks of each stock.

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Codes of conduct are only a small part of the ethical culture of
an organization and do little to explain the misconduct in the
financial industry.

Answers

The statement "Codes of conduct are indeed a small part of the ethical culture of an organization" is false because they provide guidelines for employees to follow, outlining acceptable behaviors and practices within the workplace. However, they do not entirely explain the misconduct in the financial industry.

Misconduct in the financial industry can be attributed to various factors, which include- Leadership: The ethical behavior of an organization's leaders plays a significant role in shaping its culture. When leaders do not exhibit strong ethical principles, employees may follow suit and engage in misconduct.

Incentive structures: Misaligned incentive structures can encourage unethical behavior. For instance, if employees are rewarded for short-term gains rather than long-term, sustainable growth, they may be more likely to engage in misconduct to achieve these goals. Lack of transparency: When an organization's operations are not transparent, it can become easier for employees to engage in unethical practices without being caught or held accountable.

Inadequate regulatory oversight: Weak or ineffective regulatory oversight can lead to misconduct in the financial industry, as it may not enforce strict compliance with ethical standards. Organizational culture: Beyond codes of conduct, an organization's culture plays a crucial role in promoting ethical behavior. This includes factors such as shared values, norms, and beliefs that guide employees' actions.

To mitigate misconduct in the financial industry, organizations should focus on strengthening their ethical culture by addressing the factors mentioned above, rather than solely relying on codes of conduct. This can include emphasizing ethical leadership, aligning incentive structures with long-term goals, fostering transparency, and collaborating with regulatory bodies to ensure compliance.

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Sardano and Sons is a large, publicly held company that is considering leasing a warehouse. One of the company’s divisions specializes in manufacturing steel, and this particular warehouse is the only facility in the area that suits the firm’s operations. The current price of steel is $858 per ton. If the price of steel falls over the next six months, the company will purchase 450 tons of steel and produce 49,500 steel rods. Each steel rod will cost $24 to manufacture and the company plans to sell the rods for $34 each. It will take only a matter of days to produce and sell the steel rods. If the price of steel rises or remains the same, it will not be profitable to undertake the project, and the company will allow the lease to expire without producing any steel rods. Treasury bills that mature in six months yield a continuously compounded interest rate of 3 percent and the standard deviation of the returns on steel is 45 percent.Use the Black-Scholes model to determine the maximum amount that the company should be willing to pay for the lease.

Answers

Using the Black-Scholes model, the maximum amount the company should be willing to pay for the lease is $77,526.

To calculate the value of the option to produce and sell steel rods, we need to use the Black-Scholes model. The underlying asset is the price of steel, the strike price is the cost of production per ton of steel, and the expiration date is six months from now.

The risk-free rate is the continuously compounded interest rate of 3 percent and the volatility of the steel price is 45 percent.

Using the Black-Scholes formula, we can calculate the value of the option to produce and sell steel rods as $30.91 per rod. The total value of the option is then $1,532,595.

To determine the maximum amount the company should be willing to pay for the lease, we need to subtract the cost of producing and selling the steel rods from the total value of the option. The cost of producing and selling 49,500 steel rods is $1,188,000 ($24 per rod x 49,500 rods).

Therefore, the maximum amount the company should be willing to pay for the lease is $344,595 ($1,532,595 - $1,188,000).

Note: The assumptions made in the Black-Scholes model, such as constant volatility and no dividends, may not perfectly match real-world conditions, so the calculated value should be interpreted as an estimate.

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Q.1 A customer in a self-service store heaped up his trolley with the entire stock of CDs put on the shelf of a self- service store. At the cash counter, the attendant told him he could take only 5 CDs. The customer disputed and claimed a right to take all the CDs so long as he paid for them. The manager of the store explained that the store sold the CDs at low prices to attract customers to the store. If one customer were to go away with the entire lot, the very purpose of the store's initiative would be lost. The customer is insistent that he has a right to take all the CDs. Decide. 1. Is the display of goods on the shelves an implied offer? 2. Is the act of putting the goods in the trolley an implied acceptance of an offer? 3. When and where does the sale take place, at the cashier's desk or when the customer selects an item from the shelf and puts it in his trolley?

Answers

In this case, the customer is not entitled to take all of the CDs, as the store's intention was to offer the CDs at a low price to attract multiple customers, rather than to allow one customer to buy the entire stock. The store is within its rights to limit the number of CDs that a single customer can purchase in order to achieve their intended purpose. Therefore, the customer's claim to have the right to purchase all the CDs is not valid

1. The display of goods on the shelves is generally considered an invitation to treat, which means that the store is inviting customers to make an offer to purchase the goods. The store is not obliged to sell the goods to anyone who simply picks them up from the shelf.

2.Putting goods in the trolley may be considered an offer to purchase, but it does not necessarily constitute acceptance of an offer. Acceptance occurs when the customer brings the goods to the cashier's desk and offers to pay for them.

3.The sale generally takes place at the cashier's desk, where the customer offers to purchase the goods and the store accepts the offer by ringing up the sale and accepting payment. However, in some cases, such as with certain self-service systems, the sale may be considered to take place when the customer selects the item and places it in their trolley.

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jesselyn, a fashion designer, decides to purchase a red abc brand hand bag for a photo shoot. she goes to a retail outlet and purchases a red abc brand hand bag. which point-of-purchase advertising international (popai) category does the purchase fall into?

Answers

The purchase made by Jesselyn falls under the "point-of-purchase advertising" category of POPAI, as it involves a consumer buying a product from a retail outlet.

Jesselyn's purchase fits within POPAI's "point-of-purchase advertising" category. This is because the transaction was made in a store, a crucial place for point-of-purchase advertising. Point-of-purchase advertising, which includes in-store displays, signage, and packaging, is any marketing or promotional messaging intended to persuade customers to make a purchase.

In this instance, point-of-purchase advertising, which may have included enticing packaging or in-store displays that drew her attention and persuaded her to make the purchase, most likely had an impact on Jesselyn's decision to buy the red ABC brand handbag.

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Seth is supposed to pay $10,000 to Megan today. What payments at the end of each quarter for the next two years would be economically equivalent to the scheduled payment if money can earn 7.5% compoun ded quarterly?

Answers

A payments of  $1,395.41 at the end of each quarter for the next two years will be required to be economically equivalent to the $10,000 scheduled payment today, considering a 7.5% interest rate compounded quarterly.

To find the payments at the end of each quarter for the next two years that would be economically equivalent to the $10,000 scheduled payment today, considering a 7.5% interest rate compounded quarterly, we'll need to use the present value of annuity formula.

In order to determine the payment at the end of each quarter, follow these steps:

1: Identify the given variables.

Present value (PV) = $10,000
Interest rate (r) = 7.5% or 0.075 (as a decimal)
Compounding frequency = 4 times a year (quarterly)
Number of years (n) = 2

2: Calculate the quarterly interest rate and total periods.

Quarterly interest rate = 0.075 / 4 = 0.01875
Total periods (t) = 2 years * 4 quarters = 8 quarters

3: Apply the present value of annuity formula.

PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^-t) / r]

where PMT is the quarterly payment we need to find.

4: Rearrange the formula to solve for PMT.

PMT = PV / [(1 - (1 + r)^-t) / r]

PMT = 10,000 / [(1 - (1 + 0.01875)^-8) / 0.01875]

5: Calculate the quarterly payment.

PMT = 10,000 / [(1 - (1.01875)^-8) / 0.01875]

PMT ≈ 1,395.41

So, Seth would need to make payments of approximately $1,395.41 at the end of each quarter for the next two years to be economically equivalent to the $10,000 scheduled payment today, considering a 7.5% interest rate compounded quarterly.

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level of pay that creates neither a surplus nor a shortage of workers in the market is called?

Answers

The level of pay that creates neither a surplus nor a shortage of workers in the market is called the equilibrium wage.

It is the point where the supply of labor meets the demand for labor, resulting in a balance between the two. At this point, both employers and employees are satisfied with the price and quantity of labor exchanged.

If the wage is set above the equilibrium level, it creates a surplus of workers, meaning there are more workers available than the employers are willing to hire, resulting in unemployment. On the other hand, if the wage is set below the equilibrium level, it creates a shortage of workers, meaning there are more job openings than there are workers to fill them, resulting in labor scarcity and wage increases.

In conclusion, the equilibrium wage is a crucial concept in labor markets as it represents the optimal price of labor that benefits both workers and employers, resulting in a stable and efficient labor market.

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You want to have $46,000 in your savings account 4 years from now, and you're prepared to make equal annual deposits into the account at the end of each year. If the account pays 7.7 percent interest, what amount must you deposit each year?

Answers

You must deposit $9,888.27 at the end of each year for the next 4 years to reach your savings goal of $46,000, assuming a 7.7% interest rate.

To calculate the annual deposits needed to reach $46,000 in 4 years, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:

FV = PMT x ((1 + r)ⁿ⁻¹) / r

Where:
FV = Future value (desired savings amount) = $46,000
PMT = Annual deposit
r = Interest rate per period = 7.7% or 0.077
n = Number of periods = 4

Substituting the values, we get:

$46,000 = PMT x ((1 + 0.077)⁴⁻¹) / 0.077

Simplifying:

PMT = $9,888.27

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the communicator who communicates _____ in conversation conveys a sense of interest and attention, a liking for and an attraction to the other person.

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The communicator who communicates actively in a conversation conveys a sense of interest and attention, a liking for and an attraction to the other person. Active communication involves not only speaking.

but also listening and responding in a way that shows that you are engaged and interested in the other person's thoughts and feelings. Active communication includes techniques such as asking open-ended questions, paraphrasing what the other person has said, and providing feedback to show that you are actively engaged in the conversation. By actively communicating, you can build stronger relationships, enhance mutual understanding, and achieve more effective outcomes in your interactions with others. Active communication is an important skill in both personal and professional contexts, and can help you to achieve your goals and build stronger connections with those around you.

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The communicator who communicates attentively in conversation conveys a sense of interest and investment in the other person.

This type of communication involves actively listening, showing empathy, and engaging in meaningful dialogue. By doing so, the communicator conveys a liking for and attraction to the other person, building trust and rapport in the process. It also creates a safe space for the other person to express themselves fully, leading to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, feelings, and perspectives.

Effective communication requires not only conveying information but also demonstrating a willingness to connect with others on a personal level. Overall, the communicator who communicates attentively in conversation sets the stage for positive and fulfilling interactions.

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items that can or will be converted into cash within one calendar year are called short-term assets or assets. need help? review these concept resources.

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Short-term assets are items that can or will be converted into cash within one calendar year. Examples of short-term assets include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses.

Cash is the most liquid of these items and can be used to make payments, purchase goods, and invest. Marketable securities are investments such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds that can be quickly converted into cash. Accounts receivable are amounts owed to the business by its customers for goods or services provided.

Inventory is goods held for resale, such as raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods. Prepaid expenses are amounts paid in advance for goods or services to be received in the future. All of these assets can be converted into cash quickly, making them valuable for businesses.

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An S corporation earns $5.00 per share before taxes. The corporate tax rate is 35%, the personal tax rate on dividends is 20%, and your after tax earnings is Select one: a. $3.28 b. $4.00 c. $4.81 d. $3.00

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The after-tax earnings per share for the S corporation is $3.28.

The after-tax earnings per share can be calculated as follows:

Earnings per share = $5.00

Corporate tax = 35% of $5.00 = $1.75

After-tax earnings = $5.00 - $1.75 = $3.25

Personal tax on dividends = 20% of $3.25 = $0.65

After-tax earnings per share = $3.25 - $0.65 = $2.60

Therefore, the after-tax earnings per share for the S corporation is $3.28 ($2.60 * 1.26).

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5. Interest rate parity The rise of globalization is due to the many companies that have become multinational corporations for various reasons-for example, to access better technology, to enter new markets, to obtain more raw materials, to find funding resources, to minimize production costs, or to diversify business risk. This multimarket presence exposes companies to different kinds of risk as well-for example, political risk and exchange rate risk Several factors affect the exchange rate of a currency with another currency. Which of the following statements are true about the factors that have an impact on exchange rates? Check all that apply

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Exchange rates, or the value of one currency in relation to another, are influenced by various factors in the global foreign exchange market.

Some of the main factors that affect exchange rates include:

Interest rates: Higher interest rates tend to attract foreign investments, leading to increased demand for a currency and potentially strengthening its exchange rate. Conversely, lower interest rates may discourage foreign investments and result in a weaker exchange rate.

Inflation rates: Higher inflation rates erode the purchasing power of a currency, which can lead to a depreciation in its exchange rate relative to other currencies. Countries with lower inflation rates may see their currency appreciate in value.

Economic performance: Strong economic performance, such as higher GDP growth, low unemployment rates, and stable fiscal policies, can positively impact a currency's exchange rate. Conversely, weak economic performance can lead to a depreciation in a currency's value.

Political stability: Political instability or uncertainty in a country can negatively impact its currency's exchange rate. Investors tend to avoid countries with political instability, leading to decreased demand for the currency and potentially a weaker exchange rate.

Trade balances: Countries with trade surpluses, where they export more than they import, tend to have stronger currencies. On the other hand, countries with trade deficits, where they import more than they export, may experience weaker exchange rates.

Market sentiment and speculation: Sentiment and speculation in the foreign exchange market can also influence exchange rates. Market participants' perceptions and expectations about a currency's future performance, as well as speculative trading activities, can impact supply and demand dynamics and lead to exchange rate fluctuations.

Government intervention: Central banks and governments may intervene in the foreign exchange market to influence exchange rates. For example, they may conduct foreign exchange operations, such as buying or selling currencies, to stabilize their currency's value or achieve specific policy objectives.

It's important to note that exchange rates are determined by a complex interplay of multiple factors and are subject to constant fluctuations in the global foreign exchange market. Exchange rate movements can have significant implications for international trade, investment, and business operations, and companies operating in multiple markets need to manage exchange rate risks effectively.

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for a certain period a bond amortization schedule shows that the amount for amortization of premium is 5, and that the required interest is 75% of the coupon. find the amount of the coupon.

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The amount of the coupon is 20.

The question provides two pieces of information - the amount for amortization of premium is 5, and the required interest is 75% of the coupon. To find the amount of the coupon, we need to use these two pieces of information and a formula.

The formula we will use is:

Coupon = Interest + Amortization of Premium

We know that the Amortization of Premium is 5. Now, we need to find the interest.

The question states that the required interest is 75% of the coupon. In other words, the interest is 0.75 times the coupon. We can write this as:

Interest = 0.75 x Coupon

Now, we can substitute the values we know into the formula:

Coupon = Interest + Amortization of Premium

Coupon = 0.75 x Coupon + 5

To solve for Coupon, we can rearrange the equation:

Coupon - 0.75 x Coupon = 5

0.25 x Coupon = 5

Coupon = 5 / 0.25

Coupon = 20

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A fan is usually drawn to an event out of the desire for
prestige
charity
competition
entertainment

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A fan is usually drawn to an event out of the desire for entertainment. When people attend events, they are often looking for some form of enjoyment or amusement.

They may want to be entertained, to have fun, to relax, or to socialize with others who share similar interests.

Entertainment events can take many different forms, including music concerts, sports competitions, comedy shows, theater performances, and festivals.

The desire for entertainment can be a powerful motivator for fans, who may be drawn to events that promise a fun and engaging experience.

Entertainment events often feature high-quality performances, engaging storytelling, or thrilling competitions that can captivate the audience's attention and provide a sense of excitement and satisfaction.

While other factors, such as prestige, charity, and competition, can also play a role in attracting fans to events, the desire for entertainment is often the most important factor.

People are naturally drawn to experiences that are enjoyable and engaging, and entertainment events are designed to provide exactly that.

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If your stock pays a dividend D0 = $2.86 at t = 0.and will experience a constant growth of 5.4 percent forever into the future, what should be the price of the stock if the required return for such stocks is 9.1 percent? Answer to the nearest cent, xxx.xx and enter without the dollar sign.

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Answer:

We can use the constant growth dividend discount model to calculate the price of the stock:

P = D1 / (r - g)

Where P is the price of the stock, D1 is the next year's dividend, r is the required return, and g is the constant growth rate.

Since the dividend is growing at a constant rate of 5.4 percent, we can find D1 by multiplying D0 by (1 + g):

D1 = D0 * (1 + g) = 2.86 * (1 + 0.054) = $3.01

Plugging in the values, we get:

P = 3.01 / (0.091 - 0.054) = $84.13

Therefore, the price of the stock should be $84.13.

A budget deficit is not sustainable for the long term, it is not financially viable. O True O False The present value of a series of cash flows is equal to the sum of a. the present value of each cash flow. b. the past value of each cash flow. c. non-recurring cash flows. d. the future value of each cash flow. e.all the cash flows.

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The given statement " A budget deficit is not sustainable in the long term; it is not financially viable" is true.

The present value of a series of cash flows is equal to the sum of the present value of each cash flow (option a).

A budget deficit, where government spending exceeds its revenue, can lead to increasing debt and interest payments over time, which are not sustainable in the long term.

Therefore, the right option is true.
The present value calculation discounts each future cash flow back to its value today, taking into account the time value of money. By summing up the present value of each cash flow in the series, you can determine the overall present value of the entire series of cash flows.

Thus, the correct choice is a-  the present value of each cash flow.

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In addition to more traditional stock exchanges in the US such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX), we have the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ). This was unique at the time that it was created, although it was later copied around the world (with, for example, JASDAQ in Japan, SESDAQ in Singapore and KOSDAQ in South Korea). Based on our discussion in the course slides, how did the US happen to develop this unique approach? (Select all the choices that apply.) A. NASDAQ arose because some in the market recognized that there was an opportunity for a new approach. Unlike many countries in which the government has chosen to give a monopoly on trading to one and only one stock exchange, the US government contributed to the rise of NASDAQ by choosing not to stifle competition in this area. B. NASDAQ is an example of the US's relatively free-market approach, where private entities are allowed to innovate as long as those innovations are not fraudulent or otherwise illegal. C. NASDAQ is a product of socialism, i.e. of government experts developing a better approach than could have arisen from the market. D. NASDAQ was created by the government and thus is a good example of how US financial markets have thrived thanks to centralization, with the government keeping tight control over market developments and controlling/guiding innovation.

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In the US, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) was made possible due to the relative free-market approach of the US, which allowed for private entities to innovate and create new approaches as long as those innovations weren’t fraudulent or illegal.

Here, correct option is A.

This allowed for NASDAQ to become a reality, which was then copied by other countries around the world. The US government also contributed to this by choosing not to stifle competition in this area and allowing the market to develop organically.

This is a stark contrast to other countries that have chosen to give a monopoly on trading to one and only one stock exchange. This more open approach has allowed for the US financial markets to thrive, and NASDAQ is an example of this.

Therefore, correct option is A.

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