What element should the introduction of an effective essay have?
A.
a call to action
B.
a main idea statement
C. a summary of the topic
D.
evidence to support the details
E. details to support the topic

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: personally I believe it should start with B: main idea

Explanation: Then in the first paragraph you put your first piece of evidence.

Answer 2
try A, it’s probably better

Related Questions

Which three sentences in this excerpt from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Day of Infamy” speech make an emotional appeal by suggesting that America's innocence was betrayed by certain enemies?


Which three sentences in this excerpt from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Day of Infamy” speech make an emotional appeal by suggesting that America's innocence was betrayed by certain enemies?

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.


As Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.
Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forces - with the unbounded determination of our people - we will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God.

I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December Seventh, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.

Answers

Answer:

I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December Seventh, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

Explanation:

Identify the sentence in which modifiers are correctly placed. A. Morris ate a hamburger at a​ diner, full of grease and fat. B. Morris ate a​ hamburger, which was full of grease and​ fat, at a diner. C. Morris​ ate, being full of grease and​ fat, a hamburger at a diner. D. Full of grease and​ fat, Morris ate a hamburger at a diner.

Answers

Answer:

B). Morris ate a​ hamburger, which was full of grease and​ fat, at a diner.

Explanation:

The second sentence employs the modifier correctly as it places the modifier('which was full of grease and​ fat') immediately followed by the noun it describes i.e. 'hamburger.' It is also punctuated correctly with the use of commas(,) at the beginning and end of the modifier. Thus, it appropriately justifies the rule. The other options are incorrect as they incorrectly place the modifier after the verb, besides other noun(which it doesn't describe), or in place of the subject. Thus, option B is the correct answer.

What is the effect of the speaker's choice to make the title and the last line the same? Do you wish it had a different title? What might that be? Answer each and every part.

Answers

This question is incomplete, here´s the complete question.

Read Nothing Gold Can Stay , BY ROBERT FROST

What is the effect of the speaker's choice to make the title and the last line the same? Do you wish it had a different title? What might that be? Answer each and every part.

Answer:

The title and the last line of the poem being the same reinforces the phrase as the main theme and makes it all that much powerfull.  

Explanation:

As gold refers to youth, uses nature and The Garden of Eden as a metaphor about how nothing, no matter how precious, can last forever.

I wouldn´t change the title, but a good alternative could be simply the word "Gold", as the main reference in the poem: youth as meant to demise.

The following question is based on your reading of 1984 by George Orwell.
When Winston hears O'Brien what does he think, and what does he discover?

Answers

Answer:

His greatest fear—rats! When Winston hears O'Brien what does he think, and what does he discover? Initially, Winston believes O'Brien is in Mini Luv as a friend to rescue him from his ordeal but quickly learns that O'Brien is actually the one responsible for "reeducating," indeed torturing, Oceania's dissenters.

Explanation:

I found this answer on google, you can shorten it and add it :))) hope i helped

His biggest phobia is rats. Winston initially thinks O'Brien is in Mini as a buddy to help him through his situation, but he soon discovers that O'Brien is actually the one "reeducating," and even torturing, Oceania's dissidents.

What is the main message of 1984 ?

The main message of George Orwell's novel 1984 is to alert readers to the perils of dictatorship. The book's main goal is to illustrate the utmost level of control and authority that would be feasible under a really totalitarian system. It investigates the effects such a governmental structure might have on society and the individuals who inhabit it.

The 1949 publication of George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-four, often known as 1984, served as a warning against tyranny. Readers were deeply affected by the terrifying dystopia, and his ideas infiltrated popular society in a level that was only seldom possible with novels.

The gap between the privileged class and the underclass is explained in 1984. It is stated that the main character belongs to a privileged class.

Thus, Winston initially thinks O'Brien is in Mini as a buddy to help him through his situation.

To learn more about 1984 by George Orwell, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/10334011

#SPJ2

We go to school every day. - convert this sentence into a question.​

Answers

Answer:

Hey there!

I'm pretty sure your answer would be: "every day we go to school?"

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

Do you go to school every day? Is the correct answer

Hope this helps.....

The second is freedom of every person to worship God in
his own way – everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want ....
The fourth is freedom from fear ...
Which best explains the role that the theme of "freedom" plays in this
excerpt?
A. It helps Roosevelt convince Americans that future generations will
think highly of the United States if it doesn't enter the war.
B. It helps Roosevelt convince Americans that war is dangerous and
expensive.
C. It helps Roosevelt convince Americans that the United States
must act quickly to enter the war.
D. It helps Roosevelt convince Americans that everyone is entitled to
freedom

Answers

Answer:

B. It helps Roosevelt convince Americans that war is dangerous and

expensive.

Explanation:

As war leads only to destruction.

Hope this helps.....

Answer:

Explanation:

B

3 Examples of relative pronouns using 'WHOM'​

Answers

Answer:

The boy whom  / I meet everyday / The girl with whom I travel

Explanation:

Answer:

1. The singer whom I interviewed gave awesome tips to future stars.

2. He's the man whom I met in Philippines.

3. The author whom written your favorite book, is writing another sequel.

Explanation:

Whom is a relative pronoun is used for the people is the object of the verb.

What character does Woolfe use at Clarissa's party to bring Peter and Clarissa together in conversation about their past? Please hurry

Answers

Answer:

Sally Seton.

Explanation:

The novel "Mrs. Dalloway" by Virginia Woolf covers the life of a woman named Mrs. Clarissa Dalloway in one day. And through the narrative technique of stream of consciousness, the author managed to unravel the life of Mrs. Dalloway and the occurrences of the party that she was hosting that night.

At the party, Clarissa was busy trying to entertain all her guests, all the who's who of the society and make it known to everyone her social status and as a great hostess. Woolf brings the character of Sally Seton, an old friend of Clarissa during her Bourton days. And through her character, Clarissa and her former suitor Peter Walsh were able to talk about their past relationship.

In which sentence is the word tenacity used correctly?

Answers

Explanation:

tenacity-the quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.

eg. "the sheer tenacity of the limpet"

Answer:

“Harold signed in to a production company with so much tenacity that within few months, he became the CEO of the company.”

Explanation:

Meaning of tenacity - The quality of not giving up something easily and determined to do something.

Which of these novels is considered an important precursor to science fiction?

Answers

Answer: where are the answers

Explanation:

Answer:

frankenstein.

Explanation:

How did Crow get water?
o
She tipped a pitcher and water rolled out.
She climbed into a pitcher that had water in it.
She dropped stones into a pitcher to raise the water level.
She filled a pitcher with water from a well.
Plszzzz help

Answers

Assuming this is the classic Aesop fable “The Crow and the Pitcher,” the correct answer is that the crow dropped stones into the pitcher and raised the water level.
She dropped the stones to raise the water level.

Read the excerpt from It's Our World, Too!: Young People Who Are Making a Difference. In his small Idaho school, football meant everything to Ernesto ("Neto”) Villareal, sixteen, the team’s star running back. And yet when he heard fans screaming racial insults at him and his Hispanic-American teammates, he wondered how he could keep playing for fans who felt that way. The insults also bothered Andy Percifield, a white student leader. When Neto and Andy teamed up, each using his own special power, fans began to feel heat they had never felt before. The details of this excerpt reveal the author’s purpose by explaining why the fans acted like they did. including facts and details about the topic. encouraging the reader to believe in something. expressing opinions about a topic.

Answers

Answer:

The details of this excerpt reveal the author’s purpose by

b. including facts and details about the topic.

Explanation:

This excerpt does not at any moment explain why the fans acted the way they did. We can only come up with assumptions, but nothing is clear. We are not told why they screamed those insults nor why they "feel the heat". We can eliminate option A.

Option C is also wrong since the author does not address the reader. There is also no encouraging of beliefs. We are told how the characters feel, but the author does not establish a sense of right and wrong, or of just and unjust.

Option D can also be eliminated. The author does not express any opinions concerning a topic. Again, we know how Neto and Andy feel about the fans' behavior, but that is all.

We are thus left with option B. The details the author gives us about the way the characters feel are enough for us to elicit the topic of the excerpt. It certainly concerns racial prejudice and how it affects people.

Answer:

The purpose of the author in this excerpt is to highlight the issue of racial insults and discrimination in a small Idaho school and to showcase how two individuals, Neto and Andy, with their respective abilities, worked together to challenge and change the fans' behavior. The author aims to shed light on the impact of such insults on Neto and his Hispanic-American teammates, as well as on Andy, who felt bothered by the situation despite being a white student. By emphasizing the collaboration between Neto and Andy and the "heat" the fans began to feel, the author aims to inspire readers to recognize the power they have to make a difference and stand up against discrimination and injustice. The author's purpose, therefore, is to encourage the reader to believe in the ability to create positive change and challenge negative attitudes and behaviors.

Explanation:

What do you do if the exponent is a negative number?

Answers

for instance: [tex]3^{2}[/tex] the base is 3 and the exponent is 2.

if the exponent is a negative number [tex]3^{-2}[/tex] then the answer would be positive 9. if the number is even but with a negative number your answer with turn out possitive.

or your exponent is a negative odd number like [tex]3^{-3}[/tex] the the answer would turn out negative : -27

you could see it for yourself by doing : -3 x -3 x -3 = -27

                                                         

This is a part of an argument that is flawed and makes the argument invalid, an error in reasoning.

Answers

Logical Fallacy...(hopefully that helped)

Answer:

Logical Fallacy

Explanation:

Got it right :)

URGENTLY NEED HELP a) Read the following poem and answer the questions below it.
Face of Hunger
(10 Marks)
I counted his ribs
Bones protruding
1
He looked with tired sunken eyes
And imagined a lump of ugali
The skin was pale and tight
like the skin on a drum
his tongue darted in and out

a)Who is the persona in poem?
b)explain subject matter
c)What is the mood of poem? illustrate
d)identify similes​

Answers

Answer:

a. someone seeing the true sadness that is someone suffering from malnutrition. this person is starving and viewing the effects of it.

b. suffering black population suffering from malnutrition

c. the author uses imagery to convey the mood. one could say that the mood is disheartening or just sad.

d."The skin was pale and tight like the skin on a drum"

Explanation:

good luck :)

Answer:

The person in the poem is face of hunger.

Correct the sentence below.
Self-compassion is made up of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions without being carried away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others, and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to solving the problem.
(A) away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,
(B) away, or repression of them, and common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,
(C) away, or repressing them, common humanity, empathy with the suffering of others;
(D) away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others;
(E) away or repress them; common humanity, to empathize with the suffering of others

Answers

Answer:

(D) away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others;

Explanation:

The sentence needs the use of semicolons to identify the different nouns with their explanation that self-compassion is made up of. As a result, the list of components of self-compassion share the same parallel structure, which consists of a noun followed by a comma and its definition. Thus, the correct and complete version is the following:

Self-compassion is made up of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions without being carried away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others; and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to solving the problem.

While Ulysses shows himself active and eager in every way to be going home from Calypso’s island, discuss, in no less than seventy-five words, why he shows himself more mature and growing in character in his dealings with Nausicaa and her servant girls than he does when he’s battling Neptune’s storm.

Answers

Ulysses went through many experiences before meeting Nausicaa and his servants. These experiences showed him that not everything is resolved on the basis of force, but many things are resolved in a less radical way, especially when you are in a strange territory, alone and without allies.

The moment when Ulysses faces the Neptune storm is a moment when he is proud, proud and arrogant for being a great and victorious warrior. At that moment Ulysses is immature and this provokes the wrath of the gods. However, when he encounters Nausicaa, that arrogance is no longer so evident, due to all the difficulties he faced along the way and which became much more difficult due to his immature behavior. That is why at that moment, Ulysses decides to act cautiously, which shows a great maturation of the character. This caution is the result of the unpredictability of the region and of the events, which Ulysses has learned to respect.


Imagine that you’re a dental hygienist. While cleaning a client's teeth you ask what flavor toothpaste to use and they say "orange," but you accidentally use cinnamon. The next day the client writes a bad review online, saying you didn't listen to them. Bad reviews are bad for your business. You need to figure out a way to communicate an apology to the client. How will you reach out and what will you say?

Answers

Answer:

I'm very for using the wrong flavor of toothpaste.

How are the moods of "Because I could not stop for Death" and "Some keep the Sabbath going to church" different? 1. The former has an anxious mood, while The latter has a joyous mood. 2. The former has a serious mood, while the latter has a lighter mood. 3. The former has an angry mood, while the latter has a celebratory mood. 4. The former has a tense mood, while the latter has a suspenseful mood.

Answers

Answer:

2. The former has a serious mood, while the latter has a lighter mood.

Explanation:

From the book, "Because I Could Not Stop For Death", the author Emily Dickinson made use of imagery to show how death and immortality go hand in hand and how she is willing to leave the world. She goes ahead to describe the two characters as being kind and respectful.

However, analyzing the diction in "Some Keep The Sabbath Going To Church", the choice of words used can be considered to be straightforward.

To avoid confusion, Former directs us to the first of two things, and latter directs us to the second (or last) of them.

Question #4: Is the tense correct in the example? Mary will helps Anne finish the project. A.Yes B.No

Answers

Answer:

no

Explanation:

The future modal 'will' ALWAYS requires the base form of the verb -- in this case, 'help' to form the future tense.

"What motivates people to struggle for change?" PLEASE HELP!

Answers

Answer:

Wat motavates people for change is that  when u struggling you dont want do to any thing and you get deppresed so you have to  motivate people to do stuff and change there personalities

Explanation:

Answer:

People are motivated to struggle for change when they have had to deal with injustices and it gets to the point that it becomes unbearable. People fight for equality of opportunities, equal treatment under law, and for equal rights.

Explanation:

Why do we see different phases of the lunar cycle?

Answers

Answer: We see different stages at different times. Usually the lunar cycle will come and go, but with the slower process, we can often observe the moon as a full or half, etc.

Answer: As the moon revolves around Earth, the different amounts of the sunlit side faces Earth.

Explanation:

I took the test and got it right ت

What are the main responses to the military activity in Iraq that are represented by the people Robin is describing in this quote? a. There are those who are happy to have the military there and a few who might fight despite being destined to lose. b. The Iraqis are split into those who oppose the military action, those who see possible benefits, and those who are silent. c. Most of the people want to support the military action, but some are too sick to be of any help. d. None of the Iraqis seem to want the Americans there, but some will take advantage of the medical services being offered.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

50 POINTS + BRAINLIEST

Consider the changes in literary style during the modern era. Modernist writers explored new literary techniques, such as free verse, and broke from traditional literary customs.

Research a writer from the modern era and describe the writer's literary style and technique. Write a paragraph about the writer your chose.

I just need 5 sentences :/

Answers

Answer:

American writers often break from literary tradition because, the audience always wants something new, surprising, unusual, etc. Like anything else on this world Authors change. I believe that writers are justified in challenging the status quo because literacy is an art, and like any kind of art it evolves and changes creating new things. Any attempt to stop change is simply wrong and  insult against creativity.  

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

just did it lol :)

Modern day writing is only slightly different. Today, we don't use English like Shakespeare did. Shakespeare wrote more than just plays, he wrote poems and some books. Today, authors like J.K. Rowling use their imagination more to create stories about wizards and kids with magical powers. Back then, they did not come up with such magical powers unless it spoke about God or Jesus.

I’m a story about gladiators, which character is most clearly round? A. Camilla, the stranger from Gaul who is trying to make a new life in Rome B. Flavius, the uncaring emperor who eats grapes and bullies his subjects C. Cecilia, the fierce animal tamer who delights in unleashing the lions D. Lucius, the gladiator who lives for bloodshed and wants nothing but glory

Answers

Hey there! I'm happy to help!

A round character is one that we have a lot of detail on. A flat character is one that we do not know much about (things like backstory, feelings, etc.)

Usually the round character is the main character. Out of these answer options, Camilla looks like the main character because stories usually aren't focused on villains (B and D) and Cecilia seems like more of a side character, so I believe Camilla is the main character.

She also seems the most round because it says that she is from Gaul and she wants to make a new life in Rome. We already have much more backstory to her than the others, so the the round character is A. Camilla, the stranger from Gaul who is trying to make a new life in Rome.

Have a wonderful day! :D

Answer: Camilla, the stranger from Gaul who is trying to make a new life in Rome

Explanation:

Apex said so

Which is a physical benefit of practicing abstinence?​

Answers

Which is a physical benefit of practicing abstinence?

Eliminates the risk of pregnancy

less use of illegal substances

more opportunities for emotional relationships

greater likelihood of graduating from high school

Answer:

Eliminates the risk of pregnancy

Explanation:

Abstinence in this context means sexual abstinence and the physical benefit of abstinence is that the risk of pregnancy is eliminated.

Pregnancy occurs when the spermatozoa from the male meet with the egg of a female in the fallopian tube, during sexual intercourse and fertilize it, which in turn becomes a zygote and form a baby.

So, physical abstinence totally eliminates the risk of pregnancy.

Answer:

A. Eliminates risk of pregnancy

Explanation:

It's pretty obvious that if you stop doing sexual activity then a benefit from abstinence is not getting pregnant, pretty self explanatory!!

Great Gatsby Seminar What roles do telephones and cars play in the development of the novel?

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

In "The Great Gatsby", a novel by author F. Scott Fitzgerald, telephones and cars are as important for the development of the plot as the characters themselves.

When it comes to telephones, it is through them that mysteries are either created or unveiled. Right from the start of the novel, Tom's lover calls him at home in the middle of dinner. That causes a fight between Tom and Daisy and leads Nick, the narrator, to learn of Tom's infidelity. Gatsby is also constantly being told there is someone on the phone for him, however the revelation concerning his calls comes later on in the plot. It turns out that Gatsby is a criminal, and the phone calls are from his partners and cronies. If it weren't for his crimes, Gatsby wouldn't be rich enough to pursue Daisy. Without Tom's infidelities, Daisy might have never cheated on him with her old boyfriend Gatsby. Telephones, therefore, help things take their course in the novel.

The same goes for cars. The characters are constantly driving and being driven. Their cars represent their power, wealth, and desires. The first time Daisy meets up with Gatsby at Nick's house, she is driven in the rain. When Tom pays a visit to his lover, he uses his car as an excuse to talk to her husband. Whenever any of them, Tom or Gatsby, wants to go to the city to do their shady businesses - money related or not -, they take their cars. Finally, Tom's lover is run over and killed by Daisy when she is driving back from the city, uneasy and pressured by Tom and Gatsby. This tragedy leads to the final tragedy, which is Gatsby's own death. Cars, as well as telephones, are crucial for conflicts to develop in the story.

what are documents convey information about products, processes, or business matters concisely and clearly

Answers

Answer: Business documents

what happened to connie in the story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been" by Joyce Carol Oates

Answers

Connie is compelled to leave with him and do what he demands of her. The story ends as Connie leaves her front porch; her eventual fate is left ambiguous.” she

This excerpt from Roosevelt's four freedoms speech best relates to which common american theme? A.That Americans love conflict B. That Americans are moral C. That Americans seek justice D. That Americans are greedy (Answer: That Americans are moral) btw stream BTS ty :)

Answers

Answer:

That Americans are moral lol. Been streaming and still streaming

Explanation:

Answer: That Americans are moral

Other Questions
A diver releases an air bubble of volume 3.0 cm3 from a depth of 18 m below the surface of a lake, where the temperature is 9.0 C. Part A What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches just below the surface of the lake, where the temperature is 22 C? Teller Co. is planning to sell 900 boxes of ceramic tile, with production estimated at 870 boxes during May. Each box of tile requires 44 pounds of clay mix and a quarter hour of direct labor. Clay mix costs $0.40 per pound and employees of the company are paid $12.00 per hour. Manufacturing overhead is applied at a rate of 110% of direct labor costs. Teller has 3,900 pounds of clay mix in beginning inventory and wants to have 4,500 pounds in ending inventory.Required:What is the total amount to be budgeted for manufacturing overhead for the month? Nathan works for a major automobile manufacturing company. His company is being sued by hundreds of customers who have been injured when the steering wheel airbags exploded upon a low-impact collision. The customers are demanding monetary damages. This lawsuit is based on Hello! Please try answer this question. 20 marks! The Communist Party came to the aid of the Scottsboro Boys. How did the South perceive the Communist Party, and how was it similar to the perception of blacks? An aqueous solution containing 5.06 g of lead(II) nitrate is added to an aqueous solution containing 6.03 g of potassium chloride.Enter the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Be sure to include all physical states.balanced chemical equation:What is the limiting reactant?lead(II) nitratepotassium chlorideThe percent yield for the reaction is 82.9% . How many grams of the precipitate are formed?precipitate formed:gHow many grams of the excess reactant remain?excess reactant remaining: the result of two forces acting on a body has a magnitude of 80 pounds. The angles between the resultant and the forces are 20 degrees and 52 degrees. find the magnitude of the large force What kind of government did Russia during the eight months between February and October of 1917? A.a joint government in which the Provisional Government handled politics and the Petrograd Soviets handled the economy B.a purely democrative government run by the Bolsheviks and protected by the Red Army C.no government, since Lenin and Stalin were in charge of establishing a provisional government during this period D.a government controlled by the tsar who had enough control of the army's military leaders to hold onto power Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing acidity. Rank from least acidic to most acidic. To rank items as equivalent,overlap them. CaO P2O5 SO3 SiO2 Al2O3 CO2 "An analysis of yield curves of U.S. Government and lower medium quality corporate bonds shows the yield spread to be widening over the last 4 months. This is an indication that investors expect the economy to:" Which of these novels is considered an important precursor to science fiction? How did Barton deal with the argument that nursing wounded soldiers was inappropriate and unseemly for a woman? (Provide at least two arguments she presents in her response.) Does she present a convincing point of view that women were capable of performing wartime roles? URGENTLY NEED HELP a) Read the following poem and answer the questions below it.Face of Hunger(10 Marks)I counted his ribsBones protruding1He looked with tired sunken eyesAnd imagined a lump of ugaliThe skin was pale and tightlike the skin on a drumhis tongue darted in and outa)Who is the persona in poem?b)explain subject matterc)What is the mood of poem? illustrated)identify similes Which equation correctly uses the trigonometric ratio for sine to solve for y? Human emotions can be primary or Learned learned emotion is complex while a primary emotion is basic and instinctual which of the following is a primary rather than a learned emotion Which pairs of angles are alternate exterior angles? select yes or no Explain how you can determine the number of real number solutions of a system of equations in which one equation is linear and the other is quadraticwithout graphing the system of equations. Eiko is wearing a magic ring that increases the power of her healing spell by 30\%30%30, percent. Without the ring, her healing spell restores HHH health points. Which of the following expressions could represent how many health points the spell restores when Eiko is wearing the magic ring? LC)What is cinematography? The use of a camera The type of film created The study of film as an art form The use of outdoor locations as settings for filming Find the present value of an investment that is worth $19,513.75 after earning 3% simple interest for 512 years. 8. Explain the differences between the two ways we store information in long-term memory.