which of the following are the four variables in present value annuity problems? multiple select question. the present value the future value the number of periods the payment amount the total of all payments the interest rate

The mission of a majority of businesses typically includes Maximizing stockholders' wealth.

Maximizing stockholders' wealth is often the primary objective of most businesses. It means that a company's primary goal is to generate profits and increase the value of the company's stock for its shareholders. This is achieved through various means, such as increasing revenue, cutting costs, improving efficiency, expanding operations, and making strategic investments.

By focusing on maximizing shareholder value, a company can attract investors, obtain funding, and grow its business. This mission also creates an incentive for management to make decisions that benefit shareholders and generate long-term value, ultimately leading to higher stock prices and increased wealth for shareholders.

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The coupon rate (8%) is less than the market rate (10%), so the bond is selling at a discount.

You have a bond with a coupon rate of 8% and a market rate of return of 10%. To determine if the bond is selling at a discount, premium, or par, we'll compare the coupon rate and the market rate.

Compare the coupon rate and market rate
- Coupon rate: 8%
- Market rate: 10%

Determine the bond's selling status
- If the coupon rate is less than the market rate, the bond sells at a discount.
- If the coupon rate is equal to the market rate, the bond sells at par.
- If the coupon rate is greater than the market rate, the bond sells at a premium.

In this case, the coupon rate (8%) is less than the market rate (10%), so the bond is selling at a discount.

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If interest rate parity persists, the approximate one-year British interest rate must be 8.39%.

But none of the available response choices correspond to this outcome. Therefore, the right response is c. none of the above.

To solve this question, we can use the interest rate parity formula:

(1 + Foreign Interest Rate) = (1 + Domestic Interest Rate) x (Forward Rate / Spot Rate)

We know the spot rate is $1.97 to the pound and the forward rate is $2.01 to the pound, so the ratio of the forward rate to spot rate is 2.01/1.97 = 1.0202.

Plugging in the values we know, we get:

(1 + Foreign Interest Rate) = (1 + 6%) x 1.0202
(1 + Foreign Interest Rate) = 1.0606 x 1.0202
(1 + Foreign Interest Rate) = 1.0839
Foreign Interest Rate = 0.0839 = 8.39%

Therefore, the approximate one-year British interest rate must be 8.39% if interest rate parity holds.
However, none of the answer options provided match this result. So, the correct answer is c. none of the above.

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The annual sales revenue under the optimistic case scenario is $158,080. This is calculated by multiplying the optimistic sales projection of 7,104 units (6,600 + 8% = 7,104) by the optimistic sales price of $24.24 (24 + 1% = 24.24).

Answer 2: The annual operating cash flow under the optimistic case scenario is $112,529. This is calculated by subtracting the variable cost of $88,192 (7,104 units x $13 + 2% = $88,192) and the fixed cost of $18,200 + 5% = $19,090 from the annual sales revenue of $158,080.

Answer 3: The annual operating cash flow under the pessimistic case scenario is $86,662. This is calculated by subtracting the variable cost of $83,648 (6,144 units x $13 - 2% = $83,648) and the fixed cost of $18,200 - 5% = $17,290 from the annual sales revenue of $145,440 (6,600 - 8% = 6,144).

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Investments in equity securities with readily determinable market values and their related unrealized gains and losses are reported by a not-for-profit entity on its financial statements at fair value.

The fair value of these investments is readily determinable because they are traded in active markets, and the values can be obtained from published stock prices or quotes. Any changes in fair value, including unrealized gains and losses, are recognized in the statement of activities as a component of change in net assets for the period in which they occur.

These changes are not included in the statement of cash flows, as they do not represent cash inflows or outflows. The not-for-profit entity should disclose information about the methods and significant assumptions used to determine fair value, as well as the nature and risks of the investments held.

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The demand equation is linear, so we can use the two points given to find the equation.

We can use the two points (50, 120) and (100, 60) to solve for the slope and y-intercept.

Slope = (60 - 120)/(100 - 50) = -60/50 = -1.2

y-intercept = 120 - (-1.2)(50) = 180

The demand equation is D(x) = -1.2x + 180.

This equation is linear, as the slope (-1.2) is constant. It can be interpreted as saying that for every additional item sold the price decreases by $1.2. It also shows that when 0 items are sold, the price is $180. This makes sense since no items will be sold at a price of $120.

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To calculate the option's time value, we first need to determine its intrinsic value.

Since the current spot price of Amazon is $19.43 and the strike price of the put option is $30, the intrinsic value of the option is:

Intrinsic Value = Strike Price - Spot Price

= $30 - $19.43

= $10.57 per share

Since the option covers 2,000 shares, the total intrinsic value of the option is:

Total Intrinsic Value = Intrinsic Value per Share x Number of Shares

= $10.57 x 2,000

= $21,140

Next, we can calculate the total cost of the put option:

Total Cost of Put Option = Price per Option x Number of Options

= $14.60 x 2,000

= $29,200

To calculate the time value of the option, we can subtract the intrinsic value from the total cost of the option:

Time Value = Total Cost of Option - Intrinsic Value

= $29,200 - $21,140

= $8,060

Therefore, the time value of the put option on 2,000 shares of Amazon is $8,060.

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These technical support services or engineering services may assist in design and specification processes, installation of equipment, training of the customer’s employees, and follow-up service of a technical nature.

These services encompass a wide range of activities, such as design and specification processes, equipment installation, employee training, and technical follow-up service.

Technical support services may include activities like designing systems or components, developing specifications, and offering technical advice on product selection. Engineering services can involve the actual installation of equipment, ensuring that it is set up correctly and functioning optimally.

Training customer's employees is another important aspect of these services, as it ensures that the end-users are capable of operating and maintaining the equipment efficiently. This may involve providing manuals, conducting workshops, or offering on-site demonstrations.

Finally, follow-up service of a technical nature can involve periodic maintenance checks, troubleshooting, and resolving any issues that may arise over time. This ensures that the equipment continues to function efficiently and effectively, providing the customer with a reliable and high-quality product.

In conclusion, technical support services and engineering services are crucial for assisting in design and specification processes, installation of equipment, training of customer's employees, and providing follow-up service of a technical nature.

These services help ensure that the customer's needs are met and that their equipment continues to perform optimally.

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If you invest $1,525,000 in a business and earn a return of $775,000, the return on investment (roi) is 51%. The correct option is A.

The return on investment (ROI), is the value of ratio which is calculated through the value which is divided the return by the initial investment with multiply by 100.

ROI = (Return / Initial Investment) x 100%

The initial investment is $1,525,000 and the return is $775,000. Therefore, the ROI would be:

ROI = ($775,000 / $1,525,000) x 100%

ROI = 50.82%

Round off to the nearest whole percentage, the ROI is 51%.

Therefore, the answer is 51%. The correct option is A.

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If the amount of money market deposit accounts increases, this will increase the size of the money market. Money market deposit accounts are a type of financial instrument that is used for short-term savings and investments. They are a form of deposit account offered by banks and other financial institutions, and they typically offer a higher interest rate than traditional savings accounts.

Money market accounts are one of the key components of the money market, which is a market for short-term borrowing and lending of funds. The money market also includes other financial instruments such as treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit. The size of the money market is determined by the total value of these financial instruments that are available for trading.

Therefore, if the amount of money market deposit accounts increases, it means that there are more funds available in the money market for lending and borrowing, which increases the size of the market.

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YTM stands for Yield to Maturity,  YTM that makes the price closest to $1,080 is approximately 5.6%. Therefore, the answer is 1080.

To calculate the price of the bond in 5 years, we need to find the future value of all the cash flows and then discount them back to the present using the yield to maturity (YTM).

The annual coupon payment is $80, and it will be paid for the next 9 years. Therefore, the future value of the coupon payments will be:

FV of coupons = $80 x (1 + YTM)^8 + $80 x (1 + YTM)^7 + ... + $80 x (1 + YTM)^1

We can use the formula for the sum of a geometric series to simplify this expression:

FV of coupons = $80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM

The future value of the face value (or par value) of the bond will simply be $1,000.

Therefore, the future value of the bond in 5 years will be:

FV of bond = FV of coupons + FV of face value

= $80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM + $1,000 x (1 + YTM)^5

To find the price of the bond in 5 years, we need to discount this future value back to the present using the YTM. The price of the bond in 5 years will be:

Price = FV of bond / (1 + YTM)^5=[$80 x [(1 + YTM)^9 - (1 + YTM)^1] / YTM + $1,000 x (1 + YTM)^5] / (1 + YTM)^5

Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can find that the YTM that makes the price closest to $1,080 is approximately 5.6%. Therefore, the answer is 1080.

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One vision, a publisher of video games, monitors social media conversations that are relevant to its products and follows up on those conversations. this long-term focus on customer needs is the hallmark of relationship marketing.

The correct option is option a.

Relationship marketing is basically a facet of the CRM or the customer relationship management whose main focus is on the customer loyalty as well as the long term engagement of customers and not the short term goals which include customer acquisition as well as the individual sales.

The major goal of relationship marketing is to be able to create strong, connections of the customer to a brand which can help the ongoing business.

Hence, the correct option is option a.

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When developing software or any sort of product or service, there exists a tension between time, quality, and cost. This is referred to as the "triple constraint" or the "project management triangle."

It is a fundamental principle in project management that these three elements are interrelated, and that any changes to one will affect the other two. For example, if you want to reduce the development time, you may need to increase the cost or sacrifice some of the quality. Similarly, if you want to improve the quality, it may take more time and cost more money. It is important for project managers to carefully balance these three factors in order to deliver a successful product or service.

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.

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-According to the law of demand, when all other factors are held constant, the higher the price, the greater the quantity supplied. false

The law of demand states that, all other factors being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded of that good or service will decrease, and vice versa. In other words, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

This means that if the price of a good or service increases, people will demand less of it, assuming all other factors remain constant. The law of supply, on the other hand, states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity supplied of that good or service will also increase.

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false -According to the demand, when all other factors are held constant, the higher the price, the greater the quantity supplied.  The law of demand states that,

all other factors being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded of that good or service will decrease, and vice versa. In other words, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. This means that if the price of a good or service increases, people will demand less of it, assuming all other factors remain constant. The law of supply, on the other hand, states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity supplied of that good or service will also increase.

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The expected rate of return from purchasing ABC company's preferred stock is 10.18%.

To calculate the expected rate of return from purchasing the preferred stock of ABC company, we need to consider two factors: the annual dividend and the purchase price. The perpetual annual dividend per share is given as $5.17, while the current market price per share is $50.80. The par value of the preferred stock is $28 per share, which does not affect the rate of return calculation.

The rate of return is the percentage of return an investor expects to earn on their investment. To calculate the rate of return, we can use the formula:

Rate of return = (Annual dividend / Purchase price) x 100

Substituting the given values, we get:

Rate of return = ($5.17 / $50.80) x 100

Rate of return = 10.18%

This means that for every dollar invested in the stock, the investor expects to earn a return of 10.18 cents per year in the form of dividends. However, it is important to note that the actual rate of return may vary depending on various factors such as market conditions, changes in the company's financial performance, and other external factors.

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If steel mills are charged an effluent fee, the cost of production will increase. This will shift the supply curve to the left, as it becomes more expensive for producers to supply the same quantity of steel.

As a result, the equilibrium price will increase, and the equilibrium quantity will decrease.

The new equilibrium price will be higher than the initial price because the cost of production has increased due to the effluent fee.

The higher cost of production will cause producers to supply less steel at each price level, which will result in a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.

The reduction in equilibrium quantity is due to the fact that some steel mills may find it too costly to continue producing steel at the new higher costs, and may choose to reduce their output or shut down entirely.

This leads to a reduction in the overall supply of steel in the market, causing a decrease in equilibrium quantity.

It is important to note that while the effluent fee may reduce the quantity of pollution produced by steel mills, it may also have a negative impact on the steel industry as a whole, leading to job losses and reduced economic growth.

Therefore, policymakers need to balance the benefits of reducing pollution with the potential costs to the industry and wider economy.

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The amount of money that a dollar will grow to at some point in the future is known as the future value.

This concept is important in finance and helps determine the potential growth of an investment over time.

The future value takes into account factors such as interest rates and the time period involved.

By calculating the future value, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions about investments and savings.

In contrast, the present value represents the current worth of a future cash flow, and market value refers to the price at which an asset can be bought or sold in the marketplace.

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This is an example of an international sales contract, where two entities from different countries agree to enter into a commercial transaction.

In this case, Micrylex Corp., a U.S. Corporation, has agreed to sell Freiers, S.A., a French company, a certain amount of products for a specified price. This type of contract is beneficial to both parties as it can ensure that they understand the terms of the agreement and can provide legal protection in case of any disputes.

The contract should contain provisions such as a description of the products or services being sold, the purchase price, any payment terms, and the ship date. Additionally, it should outline any warranties, guarantees, or other protection provided to the purchaser. In this case, the contract should ensure that Micrylex delivers the $15,000 worth of products to Freiers in a timely manner.

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This is an illustration of an international sales agreement between a French company and a U.S. organization.

One company agrees to sell its products to another company in this kind of business-to-business (B2B) transaction. Micrylex Corp. is the seller in this transaction, and Freiers S.A. is the purchaser.

In comparison to domestic sales contracts, international sales contracts require additional considerations, such as variations in legal systems, languages, currencies, and cultural norms. To ensure that they completely comprehend their rights and obligations, it is crucial for both parties to carefully analyze and discuss the contract's provisions. To handle these particular concerns, this may entail using professional legal advice and including particular clauses in the contract.

The various sorts of contracts include express, implied, unilateral, and bilateral agreements.

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The assets include properties, cars, investments, and cash in bank accounts. The debts could be credit card balances, medical bills, or personal loans. Exempt assets: primary residence, retirement accounts, and tools used for work. Depending on a person's particular financial situation, bankruptcy may or may not be a good option for them. It is advisable to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, as you are not obligated to pay some debts.

In general, when someone files for bankruptcy, they need to make a list of their assets and debts. The assets may consist of real estate, automobiles, investments, and money in bank accounts. The debts may include unpaid personal loans, credit card balances, and medical expenses.
After analyzing what they own compared to what they owe, the person filing for bankruptcy may choose to exempt certain assets. These could be assets that are protected by state or federal law from being used to pay off debts.
From a financial point of view, declaring bankruptcy could be a favorable alternative for someone who has a significant amount of debt and no realistic way to pay it off.

However, bankruptcy has long-term consequences, such as a negative impact on credit scores and difficulties obtaining credit in the future.
If someone decides to file for bankruptcy, they would need to choose between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 7 bankruptcy is often chosen when the individual has little income and few assets to protect.

In contrast, Chapter 13 bankruptcy is chosen when the individual has a regular income and wants to pay off their debts through a payment plan.
Ultimately, whether or not declaring bankruptcy is a favorable alternative for an individual depends on their unique financial situation, the amount of debt they have, and their long-term financial goals.

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Explanation: the bank had a lot so when the personrobbed it there was still money and all the moeny was restored because the cops found the robber

Because of circumstances beyond the control of the project team, many projects are easy for a review group to close down. this type of project closure is called b. premature.

Premature closure is when a project is abandoned before it is finished as a result of unanticipated events or forces without the project team's control, such as shifting priorities, a lack of financing, or outside occurrences. Due to buried expenditures and unmet benefits, this form of closure may be challenging for the project team and stakeholders.

It is crucial for project managers to foresee potential risks and uncertainties that might result in an early project closure, plan for them, and effectively communicate with stakeholders throughout the project's lifespan to reduce the impact of unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, a premature closure is a sort of project closure that happens as a result of factors outside the project team's control.

Complete Question:

Because of circumstances beyond the control of the project team, many projects are easy for a review group to close down. this type of project closure is called

a. normal.

b. premature.

c. perpetual.

d. failed project.

e. changed priority.

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The shift from Corporate Planning to Strategy-Making implies a move away from the traditional structure-based approach to a more value-added perspective.

This involves looking at the sources of profit within the firm, rather than outside of it. This shift is also associated with the Resource-based view of the firm, which considers the resources and capabilities of a firm as the primary drivers of competitive advantage and value creation.

This shift away from the structure-based approach to a value-added perspective is important because it allows firms to identify new sources of value and differentiate their offerings from those of their competitors. Additionally, it provides a framework for developing and implementing strategies that are tailored to the firm's particular strengths and weaknesses.

Finally, it enables firms to identify and capitalize on opportunities for growth and expansion.

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Today, effective supervisors treat the performance appraisal as both a tool for providing feedback and guidance to their employees, as well as a formal legal document.

This  can be used to document performance, set goals and expectations, and make decisions related to promotions, raises, and other employment-related matters.

Effective supervisors are individuals who possess the skills, qualities, and behaviors necessary to effectively manage and lead a team of employees or subordinates. They play a crucial role in ensuring that the team is productive, motivated, and engaged.

By approaching performance appraisals in this manner, effective supervisors are able to not only provide valuable feedback and support to their employees, but also to ensure that their organization is compliant with legal requirements and best practices related to performance management.

the act of estimating or judging the nature or value of something or someone. an estimate of value, as for sale, assessment, or taxation; valuation. an estimate or considered opinion of the nature, quality, importance, etc: the critics' appraisal of pop art; an incorrect appraisal of public opinion.

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The primary focus of the Environmental Protection Policy is natural resources, the primary focus of the Infrastructure Investment Policy is physical capital, and the primary focus of the Education and Training Policy is human resources.

To determine which resource is the primary focus for each policy listed below, we need to analyze the objectives and goals of the policy.
1. Environmental Protection Policy: The primary focus of this policy is natural resources. It aims to preserve and protect the natural environment, including air, water, land, and wildlife. The goal is to ensure the sustainable use of these resources for future generations.

2. Infrastructure Investment Policy: The primary focus of this policy is physical capital. It aims to improve and expand the physical infrastructure of a country, such as roads, bridges, and public transportation systems. The goal is to enhance economic growth, productivity, and efficiency.

3. Education and Training Policy: The primary focus of this policy is human resources. It aims to develop and enhance the skills, knowledge, and capabilities of individuals through education and training programs. The goal is to improve the employability, productivity, and quality of life of individuals.

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A decrease in the price level leads to a decrease in nominal wages.

Nominal wages refer to the actual dollar amount paid to employees. When the price level decreases, the cost of goods and services decreases. Therefore, businesses do not need to pay as much for the same amount of goods or services. In order to maintain profitability, businesses decrease the amount they pay in nominal wages to their employees.

As nominal wages decrease, the real wage (the purchasing power of the wage) may remain constant or increase. This is because the decrease in nominal wages may be less than the decrease in the price level, resulting in a higher real wage. Alternatively, the real wage may remain the same if the decrease in nominal wages is equal to the decrease in the price level.

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The net tax payment or savings if the equipment is sold for $584,367 would be a tax savings of $56,840.

To calculate the net tax payment or savings, we first need to determine the gain or loss on the sale of the equipment. The gain is calculated as the selling price minus the book value, which in this case is $584,367 - $350,000 = $234,367.

Next, we need to calculate the capital gains tax on the gain. The tax rate is given as 28%, so the tax would be 0.28 x $234,367 = $65,790. Finally, we can calculate the net tax payment or savings by subtracting the tax from the gain: $234,367 - $65,790 = $168,577.

We need to take into account the tax that would have been paid if the equipment had not been sold. Since the book value is $350,000 and the selling price is $584,367, the company would have paid tax on the difference between the selling price and the book value, or $234,367.

The tax on this amount would be 0.28 x $234,367 = $65,790. Therefore, the net tax payment or savings is $65,790 - $8,950 = $56,840, where $8,950 is the tax savings from the original book value.

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The relationship between expectancy theory and employee motivation lies in the individual worker's belief that the effort they put into their job will lead to high performance, which in turn will lead to desired outcomes or rewards.

Expectancy theory is a motivation theory that suggests that an individual's motivation to put effort into a task is determined by their belief that their effort will lead to high performance and their belief that high performance will lead to desired outcomes. In the workplace, employees who believe that their efforts will lead to better job performance and rewards will be more motivated to perform well.

Therefore, for an employee to be motivated, they must first believe that their effort will result in better performance, and that better performance will lead to desired outcomes or rewards. If an employee does not believe that their effort will lead to better performance or that better performance will lead to desired outcomes, their motivation to work hard will be reduced.

Therefore, expectancy theory is important in understanding employee motivation and how to increase it in the workplace.

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The measure that assesses the ratio of a firm's total profits from new products to its total expenditures is "return on innovation."

Return on innovation is a financial measure that evaluates the financial success of a company's investments in innovation and new product development. It calculates the return on investment (ROI) of the company's R&D expenditures by comparing the total profits generated from new products to the total costs incurred in developing those products.

The higher the return on innovation, the more successful the company's innovation efforts are considered to be. The other options listed, such as percentage of development projects meeting deadlines, percentage of development projects within the estimated budget, and average cycle time of innovation, are important performance measures in the innovation process, but they do not specifically assess the financial return on investment in new product development.

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a. The base-case NPV is $4,640,000.95. b. The revised NPV is -$2,548,439.12.

a. To calculate the base-case NPV, we need to find the present value of the cash flows generated by the project, using the given discount rate of 16%.

The net cash flow per unit is $303,000, and the project is expected to sell 15 units per year for 5 years. Therefore, the total net cash flow for the project is:

$303,000 x 15 x 5 = $22,725,000

To find the present value of this cash flow stream, we can use the formula:

PV = CF / (1 + r)ⁿ

where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.

Plugging in the values, we get:

PV = $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)¹ + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)² + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)³ + $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁴+ $22,725,000 / (1 + 0.16)⁵

PV = $22,725,000 / 1.16 + $22,725,000 / 1.3456 + $22,725,000 / 1.5625 + $22,725,000 / 1.8145 + $22,725,000 / 2.1073

PV = $19,540,000.95

The initial investment is $14.9 million, so the base-case NPV is:

Base-case NPV = $19,540,000.95 - $14,900,000 = $4,640,000.95

b. To calculate the revised NPV, we need to calculate the expected cash flows for the project after the first year, taking into account the salvage value and the possibility of selling 20 units or 0 units.

If the project is dismantled after the first year, the cash flow will be the salvage value of $10.8 million, discounted back to year zero using the discount rate of 16%. Therefore, the salvage value in year zero is:

Salvage value = $10,800,000 / (1 + 0.16) = $9,310,344.83

If the expected cash flows are revised up to 20 units per year, the total net cash flow will be:

$303,000 x 20 x 4 = $24,240,000

If the expected cash flows are revised down to 0 units per year, the total net cash flow will be $0.

To calculate the revised NPV, we need to calculate the expected value of the cash flows after the first year:

Expected cash flows = (0.5 x $9,310,344.83) + (0.25 x $24,240,000) + (0.25 x $0) = $10,650,172.42

The expected cash flows are then discounted back to year zero using the discount rate of 16%:

Revised NPV = -$14,900,000 + $10,650,172.42 / (1 + 0.16) = -$2,548,439.12

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Based on this information, the diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the year for Company P is closest to: B. 12.2.

To calculate the diluted earnings per share (EPS) for Company P, we need to consider the effects of both the ordinary shares and the preference shares.

First, let's calculate the dividends for ordinary shares and preference shares:

1. Ordinary shares dividends:

$38.5 million * 75% = $28.875 million

2. Preference shares dividends:

52,000 * $45 = $2.34 million

Next, we'll calculate the net income available for ordinary shareholders:

Net Income - Preference Shares Dividends = $38.5 million - $2.34 million = $36.16 million

Now let's consider the conversion of preference shares into ordinary shares:

52,000 preference shares * 20 ordinary shares per preference share = 1,040,000 additional ordinary shares

Total diluted ordinary shares outstanding = 2,125,000 + 1,040,000 = 3,165,000 shares

Finally, we can calculate the diluted EPS:

Diluted EPS = Net Income available for Ordinary Shareholders / Total Diluted Ordinary Shares Outstanding

Diluted EPS = $36.16 million / 3,165,000 = $11.42 (approximately)

The closest answer among the given options is: B. 12.2

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