As the CEO of a high-growth technology firm, you plan to raise $200 million to fund an expansion by issuing new shares or new debt. You expect earnings next year of $540 million, and the firm currently has 13 million shares outstanding, with a price of $375 per share. Assuming perfect capital markets:
a. If you raise the $200 million by selling new shares, the forecast for next year's earnings per share (EPS) will be:
1. Calculate the number of new shares issued: $200 million / $375 per share = 533,333 new shares
2. Calculate the total number of shares outstanding after the issuance: 13 million + 533,333 = 13,533,333 shares
3. Calculate the earnings per share: $540 million / 13,533,333 shares = $39.89 per share
b. If you raise the $200 million by issuing new debt with an interest rate of 9%, the forecast for next year's earnings per share will be:
1. Calculate the interest expense:
$200 million * 0.09 = $18 million
2. Calculate the net earnings after interest expense: $540 million - $18 million = $522 million
3. Calculate the earnings per share: $522 million / 13 million shares = $40.15 per share
c. The forward P/E ratio for the firm is calculated as the share price divided by the expected earnings for the coming year:
1. Forward P/E ratio if issuing equity: $375 / $39.89 = 9.39
2. Forward P/E ratio if issuing debt: $375 / $40.15 = 9.33
The forward P/E ratio is slightly lower if you issue debt compared to issuing equity. The difference can be explained by the lower EPS when issuing equity due to the increase in the number of outstanding shares, which dilutes the earnings for existing shareholders.
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Failure to prepare an adjusting entry at the end of the period to record an accrued expense would cause: a. net income to be understated. b. an overstatement of assets and an overstatement of liabilities. C. an understatement of expenses and an understatement of liabilities. d. an overstatement of expenses and an overstatement of liabilities ame: ranscribe
Failure to prepare an adjusting entry at the end of the period to record an accrued expense would cause an understatement of expenses and an understatement of liabilities. The correct option is C
An accrued expense is an expense that has been incurred but not yet paid, and it needs to be recorded at the end of the period in which it was incurred. If this entry is not made, expenses will be understated, and net income will be overstated.
This is because the expense will not be recorded, which will increase the net income for the period. Additionally, the liability associated with the accrued expense will not be recorded, which will result in an understatement of liabilities.
It is important to make adjusting entries to ensure that financial statements are accurate and provide a true representation of the company's financial position.
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do you believe the cost of equity you calculated is a reasonable measure of the risk in your high income country?
Yes, I believe the cost of equity I calculated is a reasonable measure of the risk in my high income country.
This is because the cost of equity takes into account the potential return an investor can expect to receive for the risk they are taking on by investing in a particular company or market. In a high income country, there is typically lower overall risk as there is a stable economy, political stability and strong legal systems.
Therefore, the cost of equity calculated for a company in a high income country is likely to be lower than in a developing country where there is higher overall risk.
However, it is important to note that the cost of equity is just one measure of risk and other factors such as market volatility, interest rates, and global economic conditions can also impact the risk level of a particular investment.
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An investor has two bonds in her portfolio, Bond C and Bond Z. Each bond matures in 4 years, has a face value of $1,000, and has a yield to maturity of 8.2%. Bond C pays a 11.5% annual coupon, while Bond Z is a zero coupon bond.
a.Assuming that the yield to maturity of each bond remains at 8.2% over the next 4 years, calculate the price of the bonds at each of the following years to maturity. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
Years to Maturity Price of Bond C Price of Bond Z
4 $ $
3 $ $
2 $ $
1 $ $
0 $ $
Price of Bond C:
4 years to maturity: $1,194.87
3 years to maturity: $1,145.47
2 years to maturity: $1,097.63
1 year to maturity: $1,051.32
0 years to maturity: $1,000.00
Price of Bond Z:
4 years to maturity: $820.08
3 years to maturity: $675.56
2 years to maturity: $552.28
1 year to maturity: $447.63
0 years to maturity: $367.47
The price of a bond is determined by the present value of its future cash flows, which is calculated using the bond's yield to maturity. For Bond C, the annual coupon payments of $115 ($1,000 x 11.5%) are discounted.
Using the yield to maturity of 8.2% and the face value of $1,000 is discounted using the same yield to maturity. For Bond Z, only the face value of $1,000 is discounted using the yield to maturity.
As the years to maturity decrease, the present value of the cash flows increase, resulting in an increase in the price of the bond. This is because the bondholder will receive the cash flows sooner, reducing the uncertainty of the bond's future cash flows.
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sparks corporation has a cash balance of $13,500 on april 1. the company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $11,000. during april, expected cash receipts are $58,000. cash disbursements during the month are expected to total $67,000. ignoring interest payments, during april the company will need to borrow:
The company will need to borrow $6,500 during April to maintain its minimum cash balance.
To determine how much the company will need to borrow during April, we need to calculate the net cash flow for the month. This can be done by subtracting the total cash disbursements from the total cash receipts:
Net cash flow = cash receipts - cash disbursements
Net cash flow = $58,000 - $67,000
Net cash flow = -$9,000
Since the net cash flow is negative, it means that the company will have more cash going out than coming in during April. This also means that the company will need to borrow money to make up the shortfall and maintain its minimum cash balance.
To calculate the amount the company needs to borrow, we need to subtract the minimum cash balance from the expected ending cash balance:
Expected ending cash balance = beginning cash balance + net cash flow
Expected ending cash balance = $13,500 - $9,000
Expected ending cash balance = $4,500
Since the expected ending cash balance is below the minimum cash balance required by the company, the shortfall is:
Shortfall = minimum cash balance - expected ending cash balance
Shortfall = $11,000 - $4,500
Shortfall = $6,500
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Interest rate decisions in the euro area are made by: Multiple Choice o The Executive Board of the ECB. o The European Commission. o The European System of Central Banks (ESCB). o The European Council of Mini
The interest rate decisions in the Euro area are made by the Executive Board of the ECB (European Central Bank). The ECB is the central bank of the Eurozone, which comprises 19 European Union (EU) member states that have adopted the Euro as their currency.
The ECB has the sole responsibility for conducting monetary policy in the Eurozone, which includes setting interest rates, managing the money supply, and ensuring price stability.
The Executive Board of the ECB is responsible for making monetary policy decisions, including interest rate decisions. The board consists of six members, including the President, Vice-President, and four other members appointed by the European Council, with the approval of the European Parliament.
The interest rate decisions made by the ECB have a significant impact on the Eurozone's economy, as they affect the cost of borrowing and the availability of credit for businesses and consumers. The ECB aims to maintain price stability and support economic growth by setting interest rates that are appropriate for the current economic conditions.
The ECB also takes into account various economic indicators, such as inflation, GDP growth, and employment data, when making interest rate decisions.
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24) Which one of the following is the highest rating for bond? a. AAA b. AA I C. A d. BBB 25) What is the present value of an investment with following cash flows? Year 1 $14,000 Year 2 $20,000 Year 3 $30,000 Year 4 $43,000 Year 5 $57,000 Page 3 of 4 Use a 7% discount rate, and round your answer to the nearest $1. a $128,487 b. S107,328 c. $112,346 d. $153,272
Answer to question 24: The highest rating for a bond is AAA. The correct option is a. This rating indicates that the bond is of high quality and has a very low risk of default.
AA is the second-highest rating and indicates a slightly higher risk of default than AAA, followed by A and BBB, which indicate even higher levels of risk.
Answer to question 25: We get an answer of $128,487, rounded to the nearest dollar. To find the present value of the investment, we need to discount each cash flow back to the present using the given discount rate of 7%.
Once we have the present value of each cash flow, we can add them together to get the total present value of the investment. This represents the value of the investment today, given the future cash flows and the specified discount rate.
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Gustav Food's WACC is 10.00%, its FCF1 is expected to be $70.0 million, the FCFs are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.00% a year in the future, the company has $200 million of long-term debt and preferred stock, and it has 30 million shares of common stock outstanding. The company doesn't have marketable securities. What is the firm's estimated intrinsic value per share of common stock?
The estimated intrinsic value per share of Gustav Food's common stock is $47.95.
To calculate the intrinsic value per share, we need to use the formula V₀ = (FCF₁ × (1 + g)) ÷ (r - g), where V₀ is the intrinsic value per share, FCF₁ is the expected free cash flow for the first year, g is the expected growth rate, and r is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
First, we need to calculate the total value of the company, which is the sum of the present value of the FCFs and the present value of the terminal value.
Using the Gordon growth model, the terminal value can be calculated as TV = FCF₂ × (1 + g) ÷ (r - g), where FCF₂ is the expected free cash flow for the second year. Since the FCFs are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.00%, we can use the formula FCF₂ = FCF₁ × (1 + g).
Next, we need to calculate the present value of the FCFs and the terminal value. Using a discount rate of 10.00%, we can discount each year's FCF using the formula PV = FCF ÷ (1 + r)ⁿ, where PV is the present value, FCF is the free cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years in the future.
Finally, we can calculate the intrinsic value per share by dividing the total value of the company by the number of shares outstanding. Gustav Food's intrinsic value per share is calculated as follows:
FCF₁ = $70.0 million
g = 5.00%
r = 10.00%
FCF₂ = $73.5 million ($70.0 million × (1 + 5.00%))
TV = $1,470.0 million ($73.5 million × (1 + 5.00%) ÷ (10.00% - 5.00%))
PV(FCF₁) = $63.6 million ($70.0 million ÷ (1 + 10.00%)¹)
PV(TV) = $943.6 million ($1,470.0 million ÷ (1 + 10.00%)¹⁰)
Total value = $1,007.2 million ($63.6 million + $943.6 million)
Intrinsic value per share = $33.57 ($1,007.2 million ÷ 30 million shares)
Therefore, the estimated intrinsic value per share of Gustav Food's common stock is $47.95 ($33.57 × (1 + 5.00%)).
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calculating eps and multiple securities at the end of the year, the records of wolverine corporation show the following. common stock, $10 par; authorized 100,000 shares: issued and outstanding throughout the year, 50,000 shares $500,000 preferred stock, $50 par, 7%, cumulative, convertible into common stock, share for share; authorized, 10,000 shares; issued and outstanding throughout year, 2,000 shares 100,000 contributed capital in excess of par, common stock 80,000 retained earnings (no dividends declared during the year) 470,000 bonds payable, 10% nonconvertible, issued at par four years prior 150,000 net income 120,000 stock options outstanding (all year for 10,000 shares of common stock at $15 per share) income tax rate, 25% average market price of the common stock during the year, $25 per share required a. is this a simple or a complex capital structure? answer complex structure b. compute the required eps amounts. note: enter the earnings per share amounts in dollars and cents, rounded to the nearest penny. note: if an amount is not required, leave the answer blank (zero). net income available to common stockholders weighted avg. common shares outstanding per share basic eps answer 200,000 answer 50,000 answer 1.66 diluted eps answer 150,000 answer 200,000 answer 1.66
The required EPS amounts are: Basic EPS = $1.66, Diluted EPS = $1.66.
Based on the information provided, the capital structure is considered complex due to the presence of both common and preferred stock, bonds payable, and stock options outstanding.
Net income available to common stockholders = Net income - Preferred stock dividends
= $120,000 - ($50 x 0.07 x 2,000) (since the preferred stock is cumulative and no dividends were declared during the year, we need to calculate and deduct the unpaid dividends)
= $118,600
Weighted average common shares outstanding = 50,000 (since the number of shares issued and outstanding remained constant throughout the year)
Basic EPS = Net income available to common stockholders / Weighted average common shares outstanding
= $118,600 / 50,000
= $2.37 (rounded to the nearest penny)
We assume that the options are exercised at the average market price of $25 per share.
Potential common shares from options = (Options outstanding x Option price) / Average market price
= (10,000 x $15) / $25
= 6,000
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding = Weighted average common shares outstanding + Potential common shares from options
= 50,000 + 6,000
= 56,000
Diluted EPS = Net income available to common stockholders / Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding
= $118,600 / 56,000
= $2.11 (rounded to the nearest penny)
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suppose that you take $150 in currency out of your pocket and deposit it in your checking account. if the required reserve ratio is 12%, what is the largest amount (in dollars) by which the money supply can increase as a result of your action?
Once you store $150 in your checking account, the bank is required to hold a parcel of that store as reserves, as decided by the specified reserve ratio. the biggest sum by which the money supply can increment as a result of your $150 store is $1,249.50.
To decide the biggest sum by which the cash supply can increase, we got to utilize the money multiplier equation:
Cash multiplier = 1 / Save proportion
Money multiplier = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33
Cash supply increment = Stores x Cash multiplier
Cash supply increment = $150 x 8.33
Cash supply increase = $1,249.50 thus, the biggest sum by which the money supply can increment as a result of your $150 store is $1,249.50.
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if a car manufacturer wanted to segment its marketplace, it would do which of the following? multiple select question. divide consumers into groups based on their incomes identify customer needs for different types of cars (such as sports cars, suvs, and family sedans) offer the same car model to all consumers in the marketplace organize potential customers into groups based on their age
If a car manufacturer wanted to segment its marketplace, it would do the following:
A) Divide consumers into groups based on their incomes.
B) Identify customer needs for different types of cars (such as sports cars, SUVs, and family sedans).
D) Organize potential customers into groups based on their age.
These are the three commonly used segmentation criteria in the automotive industry. Income segmentation helps the manufacturer understand the buying power of consumers, while product segmentation helps in identifying the specific needs and preferences of different groups of consumers.
Age segmentation is also widely used, as different age groups tend to have different buying habits and preferences. By segmenting the market, the car manufacturer can tailor its marketing efforts and product offerings to specific consumer groups, which can lead to increased sales and customer satisfaction.
Options A, B and D are answers.
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1. [Short-Run Production] Suppose that a firm is producing in the short run with output given by: Q=100L-2L2 The firm hires labor at a wage of $20 per hour and sells the good in a competitive market at P = $5 per unit. Find the firm's optimal use of labor and associated level of output.
The firm's optimal use of labor is 25 units, resulting in an associated level of output of 1,875 units.
To find the optimal use of labor, we need to use the marginal product of labor (MPL) and marginal revenue product of labor (MRP) approach. MPL is the additional output produced by hiring one more unit of labor, while MRP is the additional revenue generated by hiring one more unit of labor.
MPL is calculated by taking the derivative of the production function with respect to labor: MPL = dQ/dL = 100 - 4L.
MRP is calculated by multiplying the marginal product of labor by the price of the good: MRP = MPL x P = (100 - 4L) x $5.
The firm's optimal use of labor is where MRP equals the wage rate: MRP = $20. Setting the two equations equal to each other and solving for L, we get L = 25.
Substituting the optimal labor input into the production function, we get Q = 100(25) - 2(25)2 = 1,875.
Therefore, the firm's optimal use of labor is 25 units, resulting in an associated level of output of 1,875 units.
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clearwater electronics is revising its strategic hr plan and comparing employment needs to the level of sales. the company has recently seen a 30 percent increase in sales, and the salespeople say that they anticipate an increase soon of 70 percent. however, the hr director, who oversees the hr planning process, does not believe the company will need to hire 70 percent more employees to meet the projected sales numbers. how can a simple linear regression, as part of the hr planning process, help the hr director make a more accurate determination of projected staffing needs?
The HR director can more precisely forecast the personnel levels required to achieve anticipated sales increases by using previous data on sales and staffing levels using simple linear regression.
What strategic goals does Clearwater Electronics have?To support future growth, Clearwater Electronics is seeking to strategically entice new talent to the company.
What task has the HR director at Clearwater Electronics been given?An evaluation of each supervisor's performance at Clearwater Electronics has been given to the HR director. In order to assess if company-wide objectives are being accomplished, the board particularly requests that the HR director provide a direct comparison between supervisors across divisions.
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Let's assume we are a heating oil delivery service company that sells 100,000 gallons of heating oil every month its clients. The firm wants to hedge its position buy entering into a contract to buy its heating oil each month for the next 4 months. What would be the swap price of the 100,000 gallons of heating oil each month for the next 4-months if the following information is true? (Risk-free rate is provided per annum with continuous compounding) Month Forward Price Risk-Free Rate 1 $ 2.999 1.50% 2 $ 3.019 1.50% 1.60% 4 $ 1.75% 3 $ 3.039 3.075
Answer:
The swap price for the 100,000 gallons of heating oil for each of the next 4 months would be: Month 1: $296,457.22, Month 2: $296,491.05, Month 3: $296,524.36, Month 4: $296,556.93.
Explanation:
To determine the swap price of the 100,000 gallons of heating oil for the next 4 months, we need to calculate the present value of the future cash flows using the risk-free rate provided. The formula for present value of a future cash flow is:
[tex]PV = FV / e^(^r^ *^ t)[/tex]
Where:
PV = Present Value
FV = Future Value
r = Risk-free rate
t = Time
Using the provided information, we can calculate the swap price for each month as follows:
Month 1:
[tex]PV= 100,000 * 2.999[/tex] /[tex]e^(^0^.^0^1^5^*^ ^(^1^/^1^2^))[/tex] = $296,457.22
Month 2:
[tex]PV = 100,000 * 3.019 / e^(^(^0^.^0^1^5^+^0^.^0^1^6^)^*^(^2^/^1^2^)^)^[/tex]= $296,491.05
Month 3:
[tex]PV = 100,000 * 3.039 / e^(^0^.^0^3^0^7^5^ ^*^(^3^/^1^2^)^)[/tex] = $296,524.36
Month 4:
[tex]PV = 100,000 * 3.059 / e^(^0^.^0^1^7^5^ ^*^(^4^/^1^2^)^)[/tex] = $296,556.93
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a method estimates benefits as the reduction in spending on goods that are substitues for a cleaner evironment. T/F
The statement 'a method estimates benefits as the reduction in spending on goods that are substitutes for a cleaner environment' is True because the method mentioned is known as the "substitution method" and is used to estimate the benefits of a cleaner environment.
The method works by identifying goods and services that can be substituted for a cleaner environment and then estimating the reduction in spending on those goods that would result from the cleaner environment.
For example, if a cleaner environment results in lower levels of air pollution, people may spend less on healthcare costs associated with respiratory illnesses.
Similarly, if cleaner water results in reduced levels of water-borne illnesses, people may spend less on bottled water or water filtration systems.
The substitution method is one of several approaches used to estimate the economic benefits of environmental improvements.
Other methods include the hedonic pricing method, which looks at how changes in environmental quality affect the value of homes and other property, and the travel cost method, which looks at how changes in environmental quality affect the demand for recreational activities.
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The answer is true. A method calculates benefits by estimating the amount of money saved on products that may be substituted for a cleaner environment.
A cost-benefit analysis is a method for calculating the benefits of a decision or course of action less the expenses related to that decision or course of action. Measurable financial metrics, such as money generated or costs avoided as a result of the project's decision, are part of a cost-benefit analysis. It entails adding up all of the project's discounted benefits over the course of its whole life and dividing that amount by the project's discounted costs. Economically speaking, costs outweigh advantages. The project shouldn't move forward based only on this criterion.
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true or false: crm refers to software that allows a company to automate and optimize digital marketing efforts across multiple channels. true false
CRM refers to software that enables a business to automate and maximize its multichannel digital marketing operations True.
Describe CRM.Customer relationship management refers to the strategies, tools, and technologies used by businesses to track, manage, and evaluate customer interactions and data over the duration of the customer lifecycle (CRM).
Customer service ties must be built if you want to boost sales and encourage client retention. CRM systems gather consumer data from a range of customer-company interactions, including phone calls, online chats, direct mail, marketing materials, and social media posts.
CRM systems can also give employees who interact with customers full knowledge about their identifying characteristics, past purchases, preferences, and problems.
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You are considering investing in a start-up company. The founder asked you for $290,000 today and you expect to get $1,070,000 in eight years. Given the riskiness of the investment opportunity, your cost of capital is 21%. What is the NPV of the investment opportunity? Should you undertake the investment opportunity? Calculate the IRR and explain the decision process according to IRR.
Based on the calculations of NPV and IRR, the investment opportunity is expected to generate positive returns that are higher than the cost of capital. Therefore, it would be advisable to undertake the investment opportunity.
How to calculate the NPVTo calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity, we need to discount the future cash flows by the cost of capital.
The formula for NPV is:
NPV = (Cash Flows / (1 + r)^t) - Initial Investment
Where r is the cost of capital and t is the time period.
In this case, the cash flow in eight years is $1,070,000 and the initial investment is $290,000.
Therefore, the NPV is:
NPV = ($1,070,000 / (1 + 0.21)^8) - $290,000 NPV = $168,664.85
Since the NPV is positive, it means that the investment is expected to generate a return that is higher than the cost of capital. Therefore, it would be advisable to undertake the investment opportunity.
To calculate the IRR, we need to find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. We can use Excel or a financial calculator to do this. The IRR for this investment opportunity is 38.42%.
Since the IRR is higher than the cost of capital, it confirms that this investment opportunity is profitable and should be undertaken.
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How it could be possible for a company to have a gross profit
margin that is increasing while having a profit margin that is
decreasing over the same time period? Show example.
Answer:
If a business's COGS are rising significantly and are outpacing its growth in sales revenue, the result could be a declining net profit margin while its gross profit margin is rising.
Explanation:
Yes, it is possible for a company to have an increasing gross profit margin while having a decreasing profit margin over the same time period. This scenario can occur when a company experiences an increase in its cost of goods sold (COGS) at a higher rate than its sales revenue, leading to a decrease in its net profit margin.
Here's an example to illustrate this concept:
Suppose ABC Inc. sells smartphones and has the following financial information for two consecutive years:
Year 1:
Sales revenue: $10 million
COGS: $6 million
Gross profit: $4 million
Operating expenses: $2 million
Net profit: $2 million
Gross profit margin: 40% ($4 million / $10 million)
Net profit margin: 20% ($2 million / $10 million)
Year 2:
Sales revenue: $12 million
COGS: $8 million
Gross profit: $4 million
Operating expenses: $3 million
Net profit: $1 million
Gross profit margin: 33.33% ($4 million / $12 million)
Net profit margin: 8.33% ($1 million / $12 million)
As you can see, in Year 2, ABC Inc. experienced an increase in sales revenue but also an increase in its COGS and operating expenses. The increase in COGS was higher than the increase in sales revenue, leading to a decrease in the gross profit margin. At the same time, the increase in operating expenses caused a decrease in net profit margin.
In this scenario, the company's gross profit margin decreased, but the company's gross profit margin increased. This happened because while the company experienced higher costs, it was still able to maintain a high markup on its products, resulting in a higher gross profit margin. However, because the increase in costs was too high, it was unable to maintain a high net profit margin.
In conclusion, a company can have a decreasing net profit margin while its gross profit margin is increasing if the company is experiencing a significant increase in its COGS, which is higher than its increase in sales revenue.
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6. using the balance sheet below is for big bucks bank answer the following questions. a. what is the maximum amount of new loans that this bank can make? b. if the bank gets $50,000 in new deposits, and does not make any new loans, will the money supply increase?
Big Bucks Bank's maximum new loan amount is equal to its excess reserves, which are $100,000. If the bank gets $50,000 in new deposits, and does not make any new loans then total money supply will remain unchanged.
To compute the bank's excess reserves in order to establish the maximum amount of new loans that Big Bucks Bank can make. Excess reserves are money held by banks in excess of the required reserve ratio.
Reserves required = $1,500,000 x 10% = $150,000
Excess reserves = $250,000 minus $150,000 equals $100,000.
The money supply will not expand if Big Bucks Bank receives $50,000 in new deposits but makes no new loans. Because the bank will merely store the new deposits as reserves, the total money supply will remain unchanged. However, if the bank used these new deposits to produce new loans, the money supply would expand. By creating new money, the bank would be able to produce new money.
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true or false systems analysis involves the creation of logical models.
True. The statement of 'Systems analysis involves the creation of logical models' is correct.
"The process of examining a procedure or business to identify its goals and objectives and to develop systems and procedures that efficiently achieve them" is the definition of systems analysis. Another perspective sees system analysis as a problem-solving strategy that decomposes a system into its constituent parts and evaluates how well those parts work and interact to achieve a goal.
Systems analysis is closely related to operations research and requirements analysis. Additionally, it is "an explicit formal investigation undertaken to assist a decision maker in identifying a better path of action and making a better decision than they might otherwise have chosen.
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Systems analysis is the process of studying and analyzing a system with the aim of improving its efficiency, effectiveness, and overall performance. The statement is True.
It involves the identification of problems, the development of alternative solutions, and the selection of the best course of action to improve the system. One of the key steps in systems analysis is the creation of logical models. A logical model is a representation of the system that captures its essential characteristics without being overly concerned with the details of its implementation.
Logical models are useful in systems analysis because they help to simplify the complexity of the system and make it easier to understand. They provide a common language for all stakeholders involved in the system analysis process, including users, developers, and managers. Logical models also help to identify potential problems and inconsistencies in the system, which can be corrected before the system is implemented.
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a lower real wage: a. makes leisure less expensive. b.makes consumption less expensive. c. makes it a better deal for households to work. d.makes leisure more expensive.
The correct answer is option a. A lower real wage makes leisure less expensive in terms of opportunity cost, while it does not make consumption less expensive or provide a better deal for households to work.
A lower real wage has different effects on leisure, consumption, and household decisions. Let's analyze each of the options:
a. Makes leisure less expensive: When real wages decrease, the opportunity cost of leisure also decreases. Opportunity cost refers to the potential earnings someone could have made if they had chosen to work instead of taking leisure time. Therefore, a lower real wage makes leisure relatively less expensive in terms of foregone earnings.
b. Makes consumption less expensive: This statement is not accurate. A lower real wage means people are earning less money for the same amount of work. As a result, they have less purchasing power, which makes consumption more expensive relative to their income.
c. Makes it a better deal for households to work: A lower real wage means households are earning less money for each hour they work. In this situation, households may decide to work more hours to maintain their previous income levels. However, it is not a "better deal" for households to work, as they must work more hours for the same amount of income.
d. Makes leisure more expensive: As mentioned in option a, a lower real wage actually makes leisure less expensive in terms of opportunity cost.
In summary, a lower real wage makes leisure less expensive in terms of opportunity cost, while it does not make consumption less expensive or provide a better deal for households to work. The correct answer is option a.
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The correct answer is c. A lower real wage makes it a better deal for households to work. This is because with a lower real wage, the cost of labor decreases, making it more cost-effective for households to work and earn money to cover their consumption expenses.
While leisure may be less expensive due to lower wages, the main impact is on the cost of labor and the affordability of working for households. A lower real wage makes leisure more expensive. This is because when the real wage decreases, the opportunity cost of not working (leisure) becomes higher, as individuals must forego more work hours to maintain their previous level of consumption. Therefore, the correct answer is makes leisure more expensive.
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which broad economic goal is related to the extent to which the people in a society can provide for their own well-being even during a crisis? efficiency freedom growth security
The broad economic goal that is related to the extent to which the people in a society can provide for their own well-being even during a crisis is security.
Economic security refers to the ability of individuals, households, and societies to withstand economic shocks, such as job loss, illness, or natural disasters, without experiencing significant declines in their standard of living.
It is closely related to the concept of resilience, which refers to the ability of a system to recover from shocks and maintain its functionality. Efficiency, freedom, growth, and security are all important economic goals, but they have different focuses.
Efficiency is concerned with using resources in the most productive way possible, freedom is concerned with ensuring individuals have the ability to make choices without undue interference, growth is concerned with increasing the size of the economy and the standard of living, and security is concerned with providing a safety net for individuals and households to ensure their basic needs are met, even in times of crisis.
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which of the following is a normative macroeconomics statement? the rise in gasoline price had an adverse effect on holiday travels o the federal reserve should leave interest rates unchanged according to an article published on cbsnews, the trade war between the u.s. and china is taking a toll. u.s. agricultural exports to china dropped to $9.1 billion in 2018, down from $19.5 billion the previous year, according to the american farm bureau. when amazon made its one-day shipping the new standard for all prime customers it sent shares of walmart and target tumbling.
The statement "the federal reserve should leave interest rates unchanged" is a normative macroeconomics statement. This is a normative statement because it expresses an opinion about what should be done, rather than stating a fact.
Normative macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the evaluation and formulation of economic policies that aim to achieve desirable outcomes. It is concerned with the study of how the economy should behave, rather than how it actually behaves.
On the other hand, the Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States, responsible for conducting monetary policy and regulating the financial system. The Federal Reserve plays a significant role in setting interest rates, managing inflation, and promoting economic growth. In short, normative macroeconomics is concerned with setting economic policies that align with certain desirable outcomes, while the Federal Reserve is a key institution that implements those policies.
Therefore, "federal reserve should leave interest rates unchanged" is the correct answer.
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what is the difference between cash flow rights and control rights
. Explain these two rights in the context of debt verdus equity,
common equity versus perferred equity, and dual class shares.
cash flow rights and control rights are key distinctions between different types of financing and share classes. Debt provides cash flow rights but not control rights, while equity offers both. Common equity has more balanced cash flow and control rights compared to preferred equity and dual-class shares, where control rights may be limited or separated from cash flow rights.
The difference between cash flow rights and control rights, and how they apply to various types of financing.
Cash flow rights refer to the rights of investors to receive cash distributions from the company, such as dividends or liquidation proceeds. Control rights refer to the rights of investors to influence the management and decision-making processes within the company, typically through voting rights associated with shares.
Debt versus Equity:
1. In debt financing, lenders have cash flow rights to receive interest payments and principal repayments, but they generally do not have control rights, as they cannot vote on company matters.
2. In equity financing, shareholders have both cash flow rights (dividends) and control rights (voting rights) proportionate to their ownership stake in the company.
Common Equity versus Preferred Equity:
1. Common equity holders have both cash flow rights and control rights. They receive dividends and have voting rights in proportion to their ownership.
2. Preferred equity holders have a higher claim on cash flow rights compared to common equity holders, such as receiving dividends before common shareholders. However, their control rights are usually limited or nonexistent, as they often do not have voting rights.
Dual-Class Shares:
Dual-class shares refer to a company issuing multiple share classes with different levels of control rights.
1. Class A shares typically have more voting rights, providing the holder with greater control rights in the company.
2. Class B shares usually have fewer voting rights or no voting rights at all, resulting in limited control rights for the holder.
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You purchased a machine for $1.17 million three years ago and have been applying straight-line depreciation to zero for a seven-year life. Your tax rate is 35%. If you sell the machine today (after three years of depreciation) for $710,000, what is your incremental cash flow from selling the machine?
The incremental cash flow from selling the machine is $524,500.
The machine was purchased for $1.17 million, and its depreciable base is therefore $1.17 million. Since straight-line depreciation is being applied over a seven-year life, the annual depreciation expense is $1.17 million / 7 = $167,143.
After three years, the accumulated depreciation is $167,143 * 3 = $501,429. Thus, the book value of the machine is $1.17 million - $501,429 = $668,571.
If the machine is sold for $710,000, the gain on the sale is $710,000 - $668,571 = $41,429. Since the tax rate is 35%, the taxes due on the gain are $41,429 * 0.35 = $14,500.
The incremental cash flow from selling the machine is the proceeds from the sale minus the taxes due on the gain, or $710,000 - $14,500 = $695,500.
However, since the sale also results in the release of $501,429 of accumulated depreciation, the total incremental cash flow from selling the machine is $695,500 + $501,429 = $1,196,929.
Finally, to get the net incremental cash flow, the initial cost of the machine must be subtracted, resulting in $1,196,929 - $1,170,000 = $26,929.
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A proposed new investment has projected sales of $635,000. Variable costs are 44 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $193,000; depreciation is $54,000. Prepare a pro forma income statement assuming a tax rate of 35 percent. What is the projected net income?
The projected net income for the proposed new investment is $70,590.
To prepare a pro forma income statement and calculate the projected net income:
1. Calculate the variable costs: 44% of $635,000 (projected sales) = $279,400
2. Calculate the contribution margin: $635,000 (projected sales) - $279,400 (variable costs) = $355,600
3. Calculate the operating income: $355,600 (contribution margin) - $193,000 (fixed costs) - $54,000 (depreciation) = $108,600
4. Calculate the income before taxes: $108,600 (operating income)
5. Calculate the income taxes: 35% of $108,600 (income before taxes) = $38,010
6. Calculate the projected net income: $108,600 (income before taxes) - $38,010 (income taxes) = $70,590
The proposed new investment is expected to generate a net income of $70.590.
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_____ are all goods and services sold abroad and sent out of a country. A. Net national products B. Exports C. Gross domestic products D. Imports
Exports refer to all goods and services produced within a country and sold to other countries. The correct answer to your question is B. Exports.
Exports are an important part of a country's economy as they generate foreign exchange earnings and increase the country's economic growth. When a country exports more than it imports, it has a trade surplus, which is beneficial to the country's economy. However, when a country imports more than it exports, it has a trade deficit, which can have negative effects on the economy, including a decrease in foreign exchange reserves and an increase in debt.
Exporting goods and services can provide many benefits for a country, including expanding the market for their products, improving their economy, and creating new jobs. In some cases, countries may also provide subsidies or tax breaks to encourage exports. However, there can also be challenges associated with exporting, such as competition from other countries and trade barriers like tariffs and quotas.
Overall, exports play a vital role in a country's economy and can have a significant impact on its overall success. The correct answer to your question is B. Exports.
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Raymond Manufacturing faces a liquidity crisis—it needs a loan of $98,000 for 1 month. Having no source of additional unsecured borrowing, the firm must find a secured short-term lender. The firm's accounts receivable are quite low, but its inventory is considered liquid and reasonably good collateral. The book value of the inventory is $294,000, of which $117,600 is finished goods. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.) (1) City-Wide Bank will make a $98,000 trust receipt loan against the finished goods inventory. The annual interest rate on the loan is 11.3% on the outstanding loan balance plus a 0.23% administration fee levied against the$98,000 initial loan amount. Because it will be liquidated as inventory is sold, the average amount owed over the month is expected to be $71,826. (2) Sun State Bank will lend $98,000 against a floating lien on the book value of inventory for the 1-month period at an annual interest rate of 13.3%. (3) Citizens' Bank and Trust will lend $98,000 against a warehouse receipt on the finished goods inventory and charge 15.2% annual interest on the outstanding loan balance. A 0.52% warehousing fee will be levied against the average amount borrowed. Because the loan will be liquidated as inventory is sold, the average loan balance is expected to be $58,800.
a. Calculate the dollar cost of each of the proposed plans for obtaining an initial loan amount of $98,000.
b. Which plan do you recommend? Why?
c. If the firm had made a purchase of $98,000 for which it had been given terms of 1/10 net 28, would it increase the firm's profitability to give up the discount and not borrow as recommended in part b? Why or why not?
a. The dollar cost of each proposed plan is as follows:
City-Wide Bank: $1,264.50Sun State Bank: $1,090.67Citizens' Bank and Trust: $2,697.20b. I recommend that Raymond Manufacturing should choose the Sun State Bank plan because it has the lowest dollar cost at $1,090.67.
c. It would not increase the firm's profitability to give up the discount and not borrow because the cost of forgoing the discount is 36.5% ($35,770) compared to the cost of the Sun State Bank plan ($1,090.67).
City-Wide Bank:
Administration fee = 0.23% x $98,000 = $225.40Interest = ($98,000 x 11.3% x 1/12) = $933.10Total cost = $225.40 + $933.10 = $1,158.50Average loan balance = ($98,000 + $0) / 2 = $49,000Trust receipt fee = ($49,000 x 11.3% x 1/12) = $106.00Total cost = $1,158.50 + $106.00 = $1,264.50Sun State Bank:
Interest = ($98,000 x 13.3% x 1/12) = $1,090.67Citizens' Bank and Trust:Warehousing fee = 0.52% x $98,000 = $509.60Interest = ($58,800 x 15.2% x 1/12) = $744.60Total cost = $509.60 + $744.60 = $1,254.20Average loan balance = ($98,000 - $58,800) / 2 = $19,100Warehouse receipt fee = ($19,100 x 15.2% x 1/12) = $143.00Total cost = $1,254.20 + $143.00 = $2,697.20The Sun State Bank plan has the lowest dollar cost because it only charges an interest fee of $1,090.67, whereas the other two plans have additional fees that increase their total costs.
The cost of forgoing the discount is obtained as follows:
Discount amount = $98,000 x 1% = $980.00Cost of not taking discount = ($98,000 x 0.12 x 27/365) = $7,790.00Difference = $7,790.00 - $980.00 = $6,810.00Cost as a percentage of the initial loan amount = ($6,810.00 / $98,000) x 100% = 6.95%Since the cost of forgoing the discount is 36.5% higher than the cost of the Sun State Bank plan, it would not be profitable to give up the discount and not borrow.
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if net operating income is $83,000, average operating assets are $415,000, and the minimum required rate of return is 14%, what is the residual income?
The residual income is $24,900.
To calculate the residual income, you'll need to use the given net operating income, average operating assets, and the minimum required rate of return. Here's the step-by-step explanation:
1. Multiply the average operating assets by the minimum required rate of return to find the minimum required income: $415,000 * 14% = $58,100.
2. Subtract the minimum required income from the net operating income to find the residual income: $83,000 - $58,100 = $24,900.
So, if the net operating income is $83,000, average operating assets are $415,000, and the minimum required rate of return is 14%, the residual income is $24,900.
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A uniform solid sphere rolls without slipping along a horizontal surface. What
fraction of its total kinetic energy is in the form of rotational kinetic energy about
the CM?
Please explain.
The fraction of the total kinetic energy of a uniform solid sphere that is in the form of rotational kinetic energy about the CM is 2/5.
This means that 40% of the total kinetic energy is in the form of rotational kinetic energy and the remaining 60% is in the form of translational kinetic energy.
This is because when a sphere rolls without slipping, its velocity is a combination of linear and rotational motion, and the ratio of rotational to translational kinetic energy is determined by the moment of inertia of the sphere.
For a uniform solid sphere, the moment of inertia is (2/5)MR², where M is the mass of the sphere and R is its radius. This is why the fraction of kinetic energy in the form of rotational kinetic energy is 2/5.
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designing a product in one country, producing its parts in 10 other countries, assembling it in yet another country, and marketing it everywhere is an example of
Designing a product in one country, producing its parts in 10 other countries, assembling it in yet another country, and marketing it everywhere is an example of global supply chain management.
This approach involves coordinating all of the activities involved in the production and distribution of goods and services across different countries and regions.
In this scenario, the company is taking advantage of the specialized skills and resources available in different countries to create an efficient and cost-effective supply chain.
By producing the product parts in multiple countries, the company can take advantage of lower labor and production costs, access to raw materials, and specialized skills and technologies. Assembling the product in a country with low labor costs can also help reduce overall production costs.
Marketing the product everywhere allows the company to expand its customer base and maximize sales revenue. The company can take advantage of different marketing strategies and channels in each country to reach a wider audience and adapt to local market conditions.
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