Answer:
D. Picture with caption is the answer
Explanation:
Baker Company, an Ohio company that sells a branded product regionally to retail customers in Midwest. It normally sells its product for $40 per unit; however, it has received a one-time offer from a private-brand company on the West Coast to buy 1,000 units at $25 per unit. Even though the company has excess capacity to produce the units, the president of the company immediately rejected the offer; however, the chief accountant stated that it might be a profitable opportunity for the company, even though $25 is below its unit cost of $28, calculated as follows:
Cost
Direct material $12.00
Direct labor 8.00
Depreciation and other fixed costs 6.00
Total unit cost $26.00
Calculate the net advantage (disadvantage) of accepting the special order:
a. $5,000
b. ($5,000)
c. $25,000
d. ($25,000)
Answer:
Effect on income= $5,000 increase
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
One-time offer:
1,000 units at $25 per unit.
Because it is a special offer and there is unused capacity, we will not take into account the fixed costs.
Unitary cost= 12 + 8= $20
Effect on income= 1,000*(25 - 20)
Effect on income= $5,000 increase
Which situation best describes an oligopoly?
A. A city government selects one company to provide clean water for
its residents.
B. A large oil company buys all of its competitors and shuts them
down permanently.
C. A group of vendors compete to sell the same drinks to fans at a
baseball game.
D. A few large airlines work together to set high prices and eliminate
new competitors.
Topsider Inc. is evaluating whether to replace an existing leather-cutting machine with a new machine that has a five-year life. The old machine has current salvage value equal to $3,000; its salvage value in five years is expected to be zero. The net (after-tax) salvage value of the new machine in five years is expected to be $6,000. If the new machine is purchased, Topsider will have to invest $3,520 in its net working capital. Based on this information, what is the new machine's terminal cash
Answer:
$9,520
Explanation:
Terminal cash flow = After tax salvage value of new machine + Recovery of net working capital
Terminal cash flow = $6,000 + $3,520
Terminal cash flow = $9,520
So, the new machine's terminal cash is $9,520.
3. Why do you think people have so many problems making choices?
Answer: Most of the time it can be due to lack of sincerity and they don’t really know if that choice Will affect them in a way they might not like. It doesn’t always necessarily mean they have many problems making choices, but it can be that they have too much to risk to they take their time in picking a choice. It’s better to let the person have time so that way they don’t feel rushed, because at the end of the day the choice they choose will affect them in either a good way or in a bad way.
I need Public Administration introdution please about half a page
Answer:
u a opp now
Explanation:
Jacques lives in Chicago and runs a business that sells pianos. In an average year, he receives $701,000 from selling pianos. Of this sales revenue, he must pay the manufacturer a wholesale cost of $420,000; he also pays wages and utility bills totaling $247,000. He owns his showroom; if he chooses to rent it out, he will receive $9,000 in rent per year. Assume that the value of this showroom does not depreciate over the year. Also, if Jacques does not operate this piano business, he can work as a financial advisor, receive an annual salary of $32,000 with no additional monetary costs, and rent out his showroom at the $9,000 per year rate. No other costs are incurred in running this piano business.
What are Raphael's explicit costs of selling pianos?
1) The salary Raphael could earn if he worked in an accounting firm.
2) The wages and utilty bills that Raphael pays.
3) The wholesale cost for pianos that Raphael pays the manufacturer.
4) The rental income Raphael could receive per year if he chose to rent his showroom out.
What is this omg
I didn't saw a question like this
Current Attempt in Progress Sheridan Company's accounting records reflect the following inventories: Dec. 31, 2020 Dec. 31, 2019 Raw materials inventory $310000 $260000 Work in process inventory 300000 160000 Finished goods inventory 190000 150000 During 2020, $1080000 of raw materials were purchased, direct labor costs amounted to $684700, and manufacturing overhead incurred was $848000. If Sheridan Company's cost of goods manufactured for 2020 amounted to $2422700, its cost of goods sold for the year is
Answer:
$2,282,700
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the cost of goods sold for the year
Using this formula
Cost of good sold=Cost of goods manufactured for 2020-(Dec. 31, 2019 Work in process inventory-Dec. 31, 2020Work in process inventory)
Let Plug in the formula
Cost of good sold=$2,422,700- ($160,000-$300,000)
Cost of good sold=$2,422,700- $140,000
Cost of good sold=$2,282,700
Therefore the cost of goods sold for the year is $2,282,700
Determine if there was a percent increase or decrease in the number of trench coats sold, and by how much. (Round your answer to the nearest tenth.)
a.
The percentage of trench coats sold decreased by 0.8%.
b.
The percentage of trench coats sold increased by 0.8%.
c.
The percentage of trench coats sold decreased by 23.3%.
d.
The percentage of trench coats sold increased by 23.3%.
Answer:
D. increase of 23.3%, right on edge
Explanation:
to find the percentage increase, first you need to substract the final from the initial, then divide the difference by the initial, then multiply your answer by 100 to get the percentage
in this case, the final is 127, and the initial is 103
127 - 103 = 24
24 ÷ 103 = 0.233
0.233 x 100 = 23.3%
Answer:
✅ D. The percentage of trench coats sold increased by 23.3%.Jerome has insignificant influence of Melina Corporation because it owns less than 20% of the voting stock. The cost of the Melina stock is $5,000 and has a fair value of $6,000 on December 31 at the end of the first year it held the securities.
Required:
Write the necessary adjusting entry.
Answer:
Dec 31
Dr Fair value adjustment - stock $1,000
Cr Unrealized gain - Income $1,000
Explanation:
Preparation of the journal entry to record the necessary adjusting entry
Based on the information given the journal entry to record the necessary adjusting entry will be:
Dec 31
Dr Fair value adjustment - stock $1,000
Cr Unrealized gain - Income $1,000
($6,000 - $5,000)
Which one of the following bank accounts will you choose for a savings account? Bank A: An account that pays 8% nominal interest (APR) with daily (365-day) compounding. Bank B: An account that pays 8% nominal interest (APR) with annual compounding. Bank C: An account that pays 7% nominal interest (APR) with daily (365-day) compounding. Bank D: An account that pays 7% nominal interest (APR) with monthly compounding.
Answer:
bank a
Explanation:
to determine the appropriate bank to choose for a savings account, we have to calculate the effective annual interest rate. the bank with the highest effective annual interest rate would be chosen
Effective annual rate = (1 + APR / m ) ^m - 1
M = number of compounding
Bank A = [ 1 + (0.08/365)^365 - 1 = 8.32%
Bank B = 8%
Bank C = [ 1 + (0.07/365)^365 - 1 = 7.25%
Bank D = [ 1 + (0.07/12)^365 - 1 =7.23%
Bank A has the highest effective annual rate and would be chosen
The sharper is available for 120 hours, and the grinder is available for 110 hours. No more than 200 units of component 3 can be sold, but up to 1000 units of each other components can be sold. In fact, the company already has orders for 600 units of component 1 that must be satisfied. The profit contributions for components 1, 2, and 3 are $8, $6, and $9, respectively. a. Formulate this LP problem and make sure you define all the decision variables. b. Transform your formulation to the Standard LP form. c. The Excel Solver Solution to this problem is presented below. Identify and present the optimal solution and the values of the decision variables. d. Find the slack and/or surplus variables. e. Will the Sharper or the Grinder or both need more time
Answer:
I don't no the answer sorry
If the dividend yield for year 1 is expected to be a 7% based on a stock price of 30 what will the year 5 divident be if dividents grow annually at a constant rate of 8%?
Answer:
$3.09
Explanation:
dividend in 5 years = dividend x ( + growth rate)^5
dividend yield = dividend / price
0.07 = dividend / 30
dividend = 30 x 0.07 = 2.1
2.1 x (1.08)^5 = 3.09
Nelson Corp is considering the purchase of a new piece of equipment. The cost savings from the equipment would result in an annual increase in cash flow of $100,000. The equipment will have an initial cost of $400,000 and have a 5 year life. If the salvage value of the equipment is estimated to be $75,000, what is the accounting rate of return
Answer:
14.74 %
Explanation:
Accounting rate of return = Average Profits / Average Investment x 100
therefore,
Accounting rate of return = ($100,000 - $65,000) / $237,500 x 100
= 14.74 %
where,
Average Investment = ( initial investment + scrape value ) ÷ 2
The normal distribution is an appropriate model of: A. system reliability where components are connected in parallel. B. the full cost view of maintenance. C. the high initial failure rates of product, machine, or processes. D. the MTBF distribution of products, machines, or processes that have "settled in." E. system reliability where components are connected in series.
Answer:
The correct answer is the option D: the MTBF distribution of products, machines, or processes that have "settled in".
Explanation:
To begin with, the term of "normal distribution" refers to statistic model used in the field of probabilities and the most common characteristics are that they have a standard deviation of 1 and are all symmetrical. In the proper graphic the form of a normal distribution will be the one of a curve bell. Therefore that it is regularly seen in as an appropiate model of MTBF distribution regarding maintenance of products, machines or processes. Moreover, this distribution also known as Gaussian is motivated by the Central Limit Theorem.
A series of 10 end-of-year deposits is made that begins with $5,000 at the end of year 1 and decreases at the rate of $300 per year with 12% interest.
a) What amount could be withdrawn at t = 10? $
Round entry to the nearest dollar. Tolerance is ±4.
b) What uniform annual series of deposits (n = 10) would result in the same accumulated balance at the end of year 10? $
Round entry to the nearest dollar. Tolerance is ±4.
Answer:
a) The amount that could be withdrawn at t = 10 is $68,872.
b) The uniform annual series of deposits is $3,925.
Explanation:
a) What amount could be withdrawn at t = 10? $ Round entry to the nearest dollar. Tolerance is ±4.
Note: See the attached excel for the calculation of the future value in year 10.
From the attached excel file, we have:
Future value in year 10 = $68,872
Therefore, the amount that could be withdrawn at t = 10 is $68,872.
b) What uniform annual series of deposits (n = 10) would result in the same accumulated balance at the end of year 10? $ Round entry to the nearest dollar. Tolerance is ±4.
To calculate the uniform annual series of deposits, we use the formula for calculating the future value of ordinary annuity for as follows:
FV = M * (((1 + r)^n - 1) / r) ................................. (1)
Where,
FV = Future value of the amount deposited in after 10 years = $68,872
M = Uniform annual series of deposits = ?
r = Interest rate = 12%, or 0.12
n = number of year = 10 years
Substituting the values into equation (1) and solve for M , we have:
$68,872 = M * (((1 + 0.12)^10 - 1) / 0.12)
$68,872 = M * 17.5487350695351
M = $68,872 / 17.5487350695351
M = $3,925
Therefore, the uniform annual series of deposits is $3,925.
You are long 30 gold futures contracts, established at an initial settle price of $1,542 per ounce, where each contract represents 100 troy ounces. Your initial margin to establish the position is $12,000 per contract and the maintenance margin is $11,200 per contract. Over the subsequent four trading days, gold settles at $1,531, $1,527, $1,537, and $1,547, respectively. Compute the balance in your margin account at the end of each of the four trading days, and compute your total profit or loss at the end of the trading period. Assume that a margin call requires you to fund your account back to the initial margin requirement. For days in which a deposit is necessary, give the margin balance after the required deposit
Answer:
The solutions is given in the attached figure
Explanation:
The values are calculated using the appropriate formulas in Excel. The formulas are as indicated in the attached figure.
Snowbound Tours is considering investing $5,650,000 in a new lodge on the Tanana River. Management projects 15 years of cash flows per the chart below. Using a discount rate of 9.65%, management should:_______.
Year Cash Flow Year Cash Flow
1 260,000 9 980,000
2 340,000 10 965,000
3 505,000 11 920,000
4 610,000 12 890,000
5 790,000 13 840,000
6 1,200,000 14 720,000
7 1,295,000 15 690,000
8 1,110,000
A. Accept the project
B. Reject the project
C. Be indifferent to the project
Answer:
A. Accept the project
Explanation:
For deciding whether the project should be accepted or rejected we need to determine the net present value
Year cash flows PV factor at 9.65% Present value
0 -$5,650,000 1 -$5,650,000
1 $260,000 0.9120 $237,118.10
2 $340,000 0.8317 $282,788.44
3 $505,000 0.7585 $383.058.82
4 $610,000 0.6918 $421,983.33
5 $790,000 0.6309 $498,406.75
6 $1,200,000 0.5754 $690,445.54
7 $1,295,000 0.5247 $679,531.07
8 $1,110,000 0.4786 $531,194.89
9 $980,000 0.4364 $427,708.96
10 $965,000 0.3980 $384,097.03
11 $920,000 0.3630 $333,958.75
12 $890,000 0.3311 $294,636.38
13 $840,000 0.3019 $253,610.38
14 $720,000 0.2753 $198,249.27
15 $690,000 0.2511 $173,268.47
Net present value $140,056.19
Since the net present value comes in positive so the project should be accepted
A company has 800 bonds outstanding with a par value of $1,000 and priced at 95% of par. It also has 40,000 shares of common stock outstanding with a book value per share of $50 and market price per share of $60. Calculate the capital-structure weights for the firm (as if you were calculating the firm’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital).
Answer:
Bonds = 24%
Shares = 76%
Explanation:
The weight of each of the finance sources is the proportion that their market value bears to the total market value.
This is computed as follows:
$
Market value of bonds= 95%× 1,000× 800= 760,000
Market value of shares = 60× 40,000= 2,400,000
Total market value 3,160,000
Bonds = 760,000/3,160,000× 100= 24%
Shares = 2400000/3,160,000× 100= 76%
At the end of the first year of operations, Meacham's balance sheet showed the following account balances: Accounts Receivable, $13,400; Inventory, $9,400; and Accounts Payable, $14,650. The company's income statement reports net income of $37,400, including depreciation expense of $10,400. Using only the given information, compute Meacham's net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method.
Answer:
$39,650
Explanation:
Compute Meacham's net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect
Using this formula
Net cash flow from operating activities=Net income-Accounts Receivable-Inventory+Accounts Payable+depreciation expense
Let plug in the formula
Net cash flow from operating activities=$37,400 - $13,400 - $9,400 + $14,650 + $10,400
Net cash flow from operating activities= $39,650
Therefore Meacham's net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect is $39,650
THESE ARE TRUE OR FALSE!! PLEASE HELP!!
1. A goal in life that is fulfilled through a job is called an occupation.
2. The process of studying careers, assessing yourself, and making decisions about the future
is called career planning.
3. Career planning begins when you make decisions about your interests and the occupation
you want to have someday.
4. Studying careers is continuous because new career opportunities come along regularly.
5. School libraries should be avoided in career planning.
6. Newspaper help wanted ads are interesting but of little value in career planning.
7. In career planning, you should contact both government employment offices and private
employment agencies.
8. Career information interviews can be done naturally without any advance preparation.
9. The willingness and ability of workers to move where jobs are available is called mobility.
10. A natural, in-born aptitude to do certain things is an ability.
As the Consumer Price Index increases, the value of money a. falls, so people hold less money to buy the goods and services they want. b. falls, so people hold more money to buy the goods and services they want. c. rises, so people hold more money to buy the goods and services they want. d. rises, so people hold less money to buy the goods and services they want.
Answer:
D. falls, so people hold more money to buy the goods and services they want.
Explanation:
In the case when the consumer price index rises, so the value of the money declines as the people would hold more money in order to purchase the goods and services what actually they want
Also it shows an inverse relationship between the consumer price index and the value of money i.e. if one thing is increased the other thing would decrease and vice versa
Therefore the option d is correct
Kent Company's May sales budget calls for sales of $900,000. The store expects to begin May with $50,000 of inventory and to end the month with $55,000 of inventory. Gross margin is typically 45% of sales. Compute the budgeted cost of merchandise purchases for May. $550,000. $500,000. $495,000. $460,000.
Answer:
$500,000
Explanation:
Given that:
Sales for the month = $900,000
Opening inventory = $50,000
Closing inventory = $55,000
Gross margin on sales = 45%
Cost of goods sold = 100 - gross margin = 100% - 45% = 55%
Hence,
Cost of goods sold = $900,000 × 55% = $495,000
Therefore, the purchase for the month
= Cost of goods sold + Closing inventory - Opening inventory
= $495,000 + $55,000 - $45,000
= $500,000
A1 Corp. uses the FIFO method for its process costing calculations. Beginning inventory in the mixing processing center consisted of 5,000 units, 65% complete with respect to conversion costs. Ending work in process inventory consisted of 4,000 units, 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. If 19,000 units were transferred to the next processing center during the period, the equivalent units for conversion costs would be:
Answer:
17,750 units
Explanation:
Calculation of equivalent units for conversion costs - FIFO
To finish Opening Work in Process (5,000 units x 35%) 1,750
Started and Completed [(19,000 units - 5,000 units) x 100%] 14,000
Ending Work in Process (4,000 units x 50%) 2,000
Equivalent units of production 17,750
therefore,
the equivalent units for conversion costs would be 17,750 units
On November 1 of the current year, Rob Elliot invested $30,000.00 of his cash to form a corporation, GGE Enterprises Inc., in exchange for shares of common stock. No other common stock was issued during November or December. After a very successful first month of operations, the retained earnings as of November 30 were reported at $5,000.00. After all transactions have been entered into the accounting equation for the month of December, the ending balances for selected items on December 31 follow. On that date, the financial statements were prepared. The balance sheet reported total assets of $55,650.00 and total stockholders' equity of $38,000.00.
Cash Supplies Land Accounts Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Dividends Fees Earned Wages Expense Rent Expense Supplies Expense Utilities Expense Miscellaneous Expense
? $8,600.00 $16,500.00 ? ? $5,000.00 $5,750.00 $26,750.00 $6,400.00 ? $4,650.00 $1,265.00 $460.00
Review the following questions. Indicate which financial statement(s) report the desired information. Enter the amount reported on the financial statement. (Select "Yes" or "No")
Balance Sheet Income Statement Retained Earnings Statement Amount
1. What is the amount reported for total liabilities and stockholders' equity on December 31? $
2. What is the retained earnings amount reported on December 31? $
3. How much does GGE Enterprises Inc. owe to its creditors? $
4. How much cash is being held by GGE Enterprises Inc.? $
5. By what amount did retained earnings increase or decrease during the period? $
6. What is the amount of profit or loss during December? $
7. What were the total expenses for December? $
8. How much was paid for rent? $
Answer:
GGE Enterprises Inc.
1a. The amount reported for total liabilities is:
= $17,650
1b. The amount reported for stockholders' equity is:
= $38,000
2. Retained earnings reported on December 31 is:
= $8,000
3. Total amount that GGE Enterprises owes to its creditors is:
= $17,650
4. The cash being held by GGE Enterprises Inc. is:
= $30,550
5. The retained earnings increased by $3,000 during the period.
6. The amount of profit during December is:
= $8,750
7. The total expenses for December is:
= $18,000
8. The amount paid for rent was:
= $5,225
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Total assets = $55,650
Total stockholders' equity = $38,000
Total liabilities = $17,650 ($55,650 - $38,000)
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash $30,550.00
Supplies 8,600.00
Land 16,500.00
Accounts Payable $17,650.00
Common Stock 30,000.00
Retained Earnings 5,000.00
Dividends 5,750.00
Fees Earned $26,750.00
Wages Expense $6,400.00
Rent Expense 5,225.00
Supplies Expense 4,650.00
Utilities Expense 1,265.00
Miscellaneous Expense 460.00
Total $79,400.00 $79,400.00
Cash = $30,550 (Total assets - Supplies - Land)
Rent expense =$5,225 ($79,400 - $74,175
Common stock = $30,000
Accounts payable = Total assets - Owners' equity
= $17,650 ($55,650 - $38,000)
Net income:
Fees Earned $26,750.00
Wages Expense $6,400.00
Rent Expense 5,225.00
Supplies Expense 4,650.00
Utilities Expense 1,265.00
Miscellaneous Expense 460.00 18,000.00
Net income $8,750.00
Dividends (5,750.00)
Retained earnings, November 30 5,000.00
Retained earnings, December 31 $8,000.00
1a. The amount reported for total liabilities is:
= $17,650 ($55,650 - $38,000)
1b. The amount reported for stockholders' equity is:
= $38,000 ($30,000 + $8,000)
2. Retained earnings reported on December 31 is:
= $8,000
3. Total amount that GGE Enterprises owes to its creditors is:
= $17,650
4. The cash being held by GGE Enterprises Inc. is:
= $30,550
5. The retained earnings increased by $3,000 during the period.
6. The amount of profit during December is:
= $8,750
7. The total expenses for December is:
= $18,000
8. The amount paid for rent was:
= $5,225
You have $100,000 in your retirement fund that is earning 5.5 percent per year, compounded quarterly. a. How many dollars in withdrawals per month would reduce this nest egg to zero in 20 years
Answer:
$680
Explanation:
The computation of the dollars in withdrawals per month that decrease this nest egg to zero in 20 years is shown below;
As we can see in the attached image that the $100,000 would be in the retirement fund so in 20 years, the withdrawals per month is $680 that decrease the nest egg to zero
Therefore the same would be considered
SAP Inc. received a $1.5 million grant under its Small Business Innovation program. SAP invested the grant money and developed a system to remove metal contaminants from storm water in shipyards. The firm estimates that each shipyard spends $500,000 a year on storm water clean-up efforts. If SAP is able to sign up and retain four shipyards in the first year onwards, what is the present value (PV) of the project (net of investment) if the cost of capital for SAP is 14% per year
Answer: $12,785,714
Explanation:
Present value of project:
= Revenue / Cost of capital
= (500,000 * 4 shipyards) / 14%
= $14,285,714
Net of investment:
= 14,285,714 - 1,500,000
= $12,785,714
When the interest rate is above the equilibrium level, a. the quantity of money that people want to hold is less than the quantity of money that the Federal Reserve has supplied. b. people respond by buying interest-bearing bonds or by depositing money in interest-bearing bank accounts. c. bond issuers and banks respond by lowering the interest rates they offer. d. All of the above are correct.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
When interest rate is above the equilibrium level, people would be less willing to hold cash. Instead they would prefer to save or invest in interest-bearing bonds. This is because as a result of the higher interest rate, interest paid on their deposit and investment would be higher.
As a result of the increase in savings, there would be an increase in the supply of loanable funds over demand for loanable funds. This would lead to a reduction in interest rate until equilibrium interest rate is reached.
At October 31, Dingo, Inc. had cash accounts at three different banks. One account balance is segregated solely for a November 15 payment into a bond sinking fund. A second account, used for branch operations, is overdrawn. The third account, used for regular corporate operations, has a positive balance. How should these accounts be reported in Dingo's October 31 classified balance shee
Answer: A. The segregated account should be reported as a noncurrent asset, the regular account should be reported as a current asset, and the overdraft should be reported as a current liability.
Explanation:
The segregated account is scheduled to pay funds into a bond sinking fund which is a long term fund. The segregated account should therefore be considered a noncurrent account due to the bond sinking fund being long term.
The regular account is used for regular corporate operations which makes it current and has a positive balance which makes it an asset therefore it is best as a current asset.
The account that is overdrawn represents a liability albeit a short term one as bank overdrafts do not typically last longer than a year so this is a current liability.
One characteristic of a run-of-paper (ROP) advertising rate to a newspaper:____.
a. is that the advertiser has no control over where the ad appears in the newspaper.
b. is testing the pulling rate of two identical size ads with different content for the same product.
c. will not require the newspaper to rerun the ad if production quality is less than desirable.
d. will be charged for not fulfilling the contract for frequent or bulk space purchases.
e. is entitled to a rebate or credit for buying more inches than contracted.
Answer:
a. is that the advertiser has no control over where the ad appears in the newspaper.
Explanation:
Run-of-paper (ROP) is another term for advertisement in the newspaper. The main feature of this type of advertisement is that it costs very low and the ad can be placed anywhere on the paper.
The ad is placed by the editors and publishers where they believe it would be best suited in the paper. This means that the advertisers have no control over where the ads are posted in the paper. The only option the advertisers have is to decide on the size of the ad.
The price of a dozen eggs falls from $3 to $2.70. In response to this price change, the quantity supplied of eggs falls from 150,000 dozen eggs to 125,000 dozen eggs. What is the price elasticity of supply for eggs
Answer:
Price elasticity of supply=1.67
Explanation:
Price elasticity of supply is a measure of the degree of responsive of supply to a change in price . It is computed using the formula below:
% change in Quantity supply/% change in price
% change in Quantity supply= 125,000-150,000/150,000× 100=16.67%
% change in price = (2.70-3.00)/3.00× 100= 10.00%
Price elasticity of supply = 16.67/10.00=1.67
Price elasticity of supply=1.67