a. The initial investment is calculated as follows:
Initial investment = 100 shares x Php 50 per share x 0.25 margin requirement
Initial investment = Php 1,250
b. The amount borrowed from the broker is calculated as follows:
Amount borrowed = 100 shares x Php 50 per share x 0.75 (1 - 0.25 margin requirement)
Amount borrowed = Php 3,750
c. If the stock price is Php 40 at the end of the holding period, the rate of return is calculated as follows:
Total proceeds = 100 shares x Php 40 per share + Php 0.6 per share x 100 shares
Total proceeds = Php 4,060
Total interest expense = Php 3,750 x 0.08 = Php 300
Net proceeds = Total proceeds - initial investment - total interest expense
Net proceeds = Php 4,060 - Php 1,250 - Php 300 = Php 2,510
Rate of return = (Net proceeds / Initial investment) - 1
Rate of return = (Php 2,510 / Php 1,250) - 1
Rate of return = 1.008 or 0.8%
d. If the stock price is Php 55 at the end of the holding period, the rate of return is calculated as follows:
Total proceeds = 100 shares x Php 55 per share + Php 0.6 per share x 100 shares
Total proceeds = Php 5,560
Total interest expense = Php 3,750 x 0.08 = Php 300
Net proceeds = Total proceeds - initial investment - total interest expense
Net proceeds = Php 5,560 - Php 1,250 - Php 300 = Php 4,010
Rate of return = (Net proceeds / Initial investment) - 1
Rate of return = (Php 4,010 / Php 1,250) - 1
Rate of return = 2.208 or 120.8%
e. If the stock price is Php 50 at the end of the holding period, the rate of return is calculated as follows:
Total proceeds = 100 shares x Php 50 per share + Php 0.6 per share x 100 shares
Total proceeds = Php 5,060
Total interest expense = Php 3,750 x 0.08 = Php 300
Net proceeds = Total proceeds - initial investment - total interest expense
Net proceeds = Php 5,060 - Php 1,250 - Php 300 = Php 3,510
Rate of return = (Net proceeds / Initial investment) - 1
Rate of return = (Php 3,510 / Php 1,250) - 1
Rate of return = 1.808 or 80.8%
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A trust in which you relinquish title and control of the assets when they are placed in the trust, which becomes a separate legal entity, is called a(n)A) family trust.C) irrevocable living trust.B) revocable living trust. D) testamentary trust.
The term "irrevocable living trust" refers to a trust in which you give up ownership and management of the assets when they are transferred into the trust, which creates a separate legal entity. Option C is Correct.
Irrevocable. Under an irrevocable living trust, the assets are owned by the trust and the grantor is not permitted to choose themselves as trustee. Hence, some of the grantor's power over the trust is given up. The trustee essentially assumes ownership.
With the use of irrevocable life insurance trusts (ILIT), people may make sure that the proceeds from a life insurance policy can escape inheritance taxes and follow the insured's interests. ILITs must be irreversible, which means the insured cannot modify or revoke the trust once it has been established. Option C is Correct.
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The correct answer to your question is C) irrevocable living trust. An irrevocable living trust is a type of trust in which the person who sets it up relinquishes title and control of the assets placed in the trust, which then becomes a separate legal entity.
Once assets are transferred to an irrevocable living trust, they are no longer owned by the person who created the trust and cannot be taken back or modified without the permission of the beneficiaries named in the trust. This type of trust is often used for estate planning purposes, as it allows for assets to be transferred to heirs without going through probate and can also provide tax benefits.
However, it is important to carefully consider the implications of creating an irrevocable living trust, as it involves permanently giving up control over the assets placed in the trust. Other types of trusts, such as revocable living trusts and testamentary trusts, may offer more flexibility and control for the person creating the trust.The correct answer to your question is C) irrevocable living trust.
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You deposit $2,000 into an account that pays 3% per year. Your plan is to withdraw this amount at the end of 5 years to use for a down payment on a new car. How much will you be able to withdraw at the end of 5 years? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Quantitative Problem 2: Today, you invest a lump sum amount in an equity fund that provides an 8% annual return. You would like to have $11,100 in 6 years to help with a down payment for a home. How much do you need to deposit today to reach your $11,100 goal? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
You need to deposit $6,112.05 today to reach your $11,100 goal in 6 years.
To calculate the future value of the deposit, we can use the formula for compound interest:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = $2,000 (present value)
r = 3% (interest rate)
n = 5 (number of years)
Plugging in the values, we get:
FV = $2,000 * (1 + 0.03)^5 = $2,315.03
Therefore, you will be able to withdraw $2,315.03 at the end of 5 years.
To calculate the present value needed to reach the goal, we can use the formula for present value of a lump sum:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
FV = $11,100 (future value)
r = 8% (interest rate)
n = 6 (number of years)
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $11,100 / (1 + 0.08)^6 = $6,112.05
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according to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of
According to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of activity in specific brain regions.
Global Workspace model likens conscious contents to a bright point on the stage of current memory that is chosen by an attentional spotlight with executive control. The rest of the auditorium is dark and asleep; just the brilliant point is awake.
Many explicit and testable global workspace models (GWMs) have used GWT in their implementation. These particular GW models imply that conscious experiences include a variety of brain activities, most of which are unconscious (unreportable) and spread across the brain. Such quick, adaptable, and extensive brain connections are only possible in the conscious waking state; unconscious states are not capable of such interactions.
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a technique used during qualitative risk analysis to test the assumptions made during risk identification is called: risk assumption testing. risk quality assessment. project quality testing. project assumption testing. qualitative risk assessment.
"Qualitative risk assessment" refers to the technique used during qualitative risk analysis to examine the assumptions made during risk identification.
Assumptions about prospective risks and their influence on the project are formed during risk identification. To confirm the accuracy of these assumptions, a qualitative risk assessment is carried out, which entails evaluating the likelihood and impact of each risk and assigning a risk score to each risk.
This aids in the identification of high-priority hazards and the prioritization of risk response measures. The qualitative risk assessment process is an important phase in the risk management process because it ensures that the project team understands the potential risks and their impact on the project.
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Which term refers to the fraudulent practice of using email communication to induce individuals to divulge confidential or personal information?
Phishing refers to the fraudulent practice of using email communication to induce individuals to divulge confidential or personal information.
Phis-hing is the dishonest practice of sending em-ails that look like they are from reliable companies in an effort to du-pe recipients into div-ulging personal information like pass-words and credit card numbers. Delivering ph-ony messages that seem to be from a reliable source is known as phishing. Em-ail is typically used for this.
The in-tent is to ste-al important information, such as credit card numbers and login cred-entials, or to infect the victim's machine with mal-ware. Informing the user through em-ail that their account has been compromised and will be closed until they confirm their credit card details is what Pay Pal does.
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Within the finance function of a large corporation, the executive who is responsible for the preparation of financial statements is the Treasurer Controller Internal auditor CFO
Within the finance function of a large corporation, the executive who is responsible for the preparation of financial statements is typically the CFO (Chief Financial Officer). The Treasurer is responsible for managing the company's cash and investments, while the Controller oversees the accounting and financial reporting functions.
The Internal Auditor conducts audits to ensure compliance with regulations and internal policies. However, the CFO is ultimately responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the company's financial statements and must ensure that they are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Hi! In a large corporation within the finance function, the executive who is responsible for the preparation of financial statements is the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The CFO oversees the entire finance department, ensuring accurate financial reporting and management of the company's financial resources.
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ensuring that members of the audit team meet independence requirements generally take places as part of
Ensuring that members of the audit team meet independence requirements generally takes place as part of the planning and preparation stages of the audit process.
This includes evaluating any potential conflicts of interest, assessing the objectivity and impartiality of team members, and verifying that they have no personal or financial relationships with the audited company or its stakeholders.
The audit team must also comply with applicable professional standards and ethical guidelines to ensure that they remain independent throughout the audit engagement.
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joshua would like to deposit $12,000 in a savings account today. he is interested in knowing what that investment will be worth when he retires at age 62. joshua is interested in calculating what amount? multiple choice question. present value future value market value
Joshua would like to deposit $12,000 in a savings account today. he is interested in knowing what that investment will be worth when he retires at age 62. Joshua is interested in calculating the "future value" of his investment. The correct option is B.
The future value is the total value of the investment at a future point in time, including the principal amount and any interest earned.
Joshua is interested the future value of his investment. The present value of the investment, the interest rate, and the number of years until retirement.
The interest rate would depend on the savings account or investment option that Joshua chooses. Once he knows the interest rate, he can plug in the values and solve for FV to determine the future value of his investment at age 62.
Therefore, the correct option is B, which is the future value.
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You receive a 4-year $26,000 loan with an interest rate of 6% p.a., to be repaid in four annual installments. The loan requires that you make total payments of $5,000 at t= 1, $4,000 at t = 2, and $2,000 at t = 3, with the remaining loan balance paid at maturity. What is the total payment amount at t = 4, rounded to the nearest dollar?
The total payment amount at t=4 is approximately $15,432.
To calculate the total payment amount at t=4, we first need to find the present value of the loan. Using the formula PV = FV/(1+r)^n, where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods, we get PV = $22,556.
Next, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity, which is PV = C[(1-(1+r)^-n)/r], where C is the periodic payment and n is the number of periods, to calculate the total of the three payments made at t=1, 2, and 3. Plugging in C=$5,000, r=6%, and n=3, we get PV = $12,553.
Therefore, the remaining balance at t=4 is $10,003 ($22,556 - $12,553), which is the amount that needs to be repaid at maturity.
To find the total payment amount at t=4, we can use the formula for the future value of a lump sum, which is FV = PV(1+r)^n, where FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods. Plugging in PV=$10,003, r=6%, and n=1, we get FV = $10,633.
Adding up the three previous payments and the remaining balance, we get a total payment amount of approximately $15,432, rounded to the nearest dollar.
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The purchasing power of money increased during the oil crisis of 1979 because the aggregate price level increased but the growth rate of the money supply was faster than the increase in the price level. (true or false)
The correct answer for statement '' The purchasing power of money increased during the oil crisis of 1979 because the aggregate price level increased but the growth rate of the money supply was faster than the increase in the price level'' is False.
The purchasing power of money actually decreased during the oil crisis of 1979 because the aggregate price level increased significantly, while the growth rate of the money supply was not enough to keep up with the rise in prices.
This led to inflation, which eroded the value of money and decreased its purchasing power. Inflation occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods, causing prices to rise. Therefore, during the oil crisis of 1979, the increase in prices outpaced the growth of the money supply, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
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which of the following is not a correct statement? a. consciously positioning a business off the diagonal of the product-process matrix helps a company stand out from its competitors. b. advanced manufacturing technologies enables companies to produce lower volumes of products in great varieties at lower costs. c. consciously positioning a business off the diagonal of the product-process matrix allows for mass-customization strategies and capabilities. d. mass-customization helps companies achieve success even when they are positioned off the diagonal. e. company should keep one strategy for sustaining in the market.
The statement e: "company should keep one strategy for sustaining in the market" is not a correct statement.
The other statements are all correct and related to the product-process matrix and manufacturing strategies. The product-process matrix is a framework that helps businesses analyze the relationship between the type of product they produce and the type of production process they use. It consists of four quadrants: Job Shop, Batch, Line, and Continuous Flow.
Consciously positioning a business off the diagonal of the product-process matrix can help a company stand out from its competitors, enable mass-customization strategies and capabilities, and use advanced manufacturing technologies to produce lower volumes of products in great varieties at lower costs.
However, keeping one strategy for sustaining in the market is not a correct statement. In today's dynamic and competitive market, businesses must continuously adapt and evolve their strategies to meet changing customer needs and market trends. This may include using different production processes or adopting new manufacturing technologies to stay competitive. The key is to remain flexible and agile in response to changing market conditions.
Option e is answer.
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n recessions tax revenues tend to decline and transfer payments like unemployment insurance and food stamps tend to increase, so these programs are... a. create budget surpluses during economic downturns b. are procyclical c. are automatic stabilizers d. increase unemployment
Automatic stabilizers are not only important for providing support to those in need during recessions but also for stabilizing the overall economy by reducing the severity of downturns and preventing large budget deficits. Here option C is the correct answer.
During economic recessions, tax revenues tend to decline as individuals and businesses earn less income and profits. At the same time, transfer payments, such as unemployment insurance and food stamps, tend to increase as more people become unemployed or experience financial hardship.
These programs are known as automatic stabilizers because they help stabilize the economy during downturns without the need for policymakers to take direct action. By providing support to individuals and families who are struggling financially, automatic stabilizers help to maintain overall economic activity and prevent the downturn from becoming more severe.
Automatic stabilizers are an important feature of many modern welfare states and can help mitigate the impact of recessions on vulnerable populations. They also help to prevent large budget deficits during recessions by providing support to those in need while also reducing the overall impact of the recession on government revenue.
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suppose one firm, wecare, gets a license from the government to become the only firm allowed to provide in-home child-care service in the city. in that case, student child care workers are paid a wage that a.is equal to the value of the marginal product of labor (vmp or sometimes called the marginal revenue product). b.is less than the value of the marginal product of labor (vmp or sometimes called the marginal revenue product). c.reflects the value of what the marginal (last) worker hired produces. d.is independent of labor supply because workers have no choice about an employer.e.none of the above is correct
In case of WeCare, student child care workers are paid a wage that is option b. less than the value of the marginal product of labor (vmp or sometimes called the marginal revenue product).
When a firm has a monopoly on providing a particular service, they have the power to set the wage for their employees below the value of their marginal product of labor. This is because workers have no other options for employment, so the firm can pay them less than what they are truly worth in the market.
Therefore, in this scenario, WeCare becomes a monopoly, as it is the only firm allowed to provide in-home child care services in the city. When a firm has monopsony power, it has control over the labor market, and this affects the wages paid to workers. In this case, the wages paid to student child care workers would be:
B. Less than the value of the marginal product of labor (VMP or sometimes called the marginal revenue product).
The reason for this is that a monopoly has the power to set wages lower than the VMP since workers have no choice about an employer. The firm will equate the marginal cost of labor (MCL) to the VMP to determine the optimal number of workers to hire, but due to the firm's monopsony power, the wages will be less than the VMP.
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A higher yield (return) is expected from investing in an AA-rated corporate bond than investing in a BBB-rated corporate bond if both bonds have the same maturity. (True/False) True False
The statement is generally true. A higher yield or return is expected from investing in an AA-rated corporate bond compared to investing in a BBB-rated corporate bond if both bonds have the same maturity.
This is because credit rating agencies evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer of the bond and assign a rating based on the level of risk associated with the bond. AA-rated bonds are considered to be more reliable and financially stable than BBB-rated bonds.
This means that AA-rated bonds are less likely to default on payments, and investors are willing to accept lower yields as compensation for the lower risk.
On the other hand, BBB-rated bonds are more likely to default, and investors demand higher yields to compensate for the higher risk.
However, it is important to note that the actual yield or return on the bond depends on various factors such as market conditions, interest rates, and inflation rates.
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burnwood tech plans to issue some $70 par preferred stock with a 5% dividend. a similar stock is selling on the market for $85. burnwood must pay flotation costs of 7% of the issue price. what is the cost of the preferred stock? round
The cost of Burnwood's preferred stock is $75.60. This is calculated by subtracting the flotation costs from the market price of the similar stock. $85 - (7% x $70) = $75.60.
Flotation costs are the costs associated with issuing a new security, such as legal fees, underwriting fees, and other administrative costs. In this case, the flotation costs are 7% of the issue price, which is $70, so 7% x $70 = $4.90.
When this amount is subtracted from the market price of the similar stock ($85), the cost of Burnwood's preferred stock is $75.60. This preferred stock will have a par value of $70 and a 5% dividend.
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10 Night Shades Incorporated (NSI) manufactures biotech sunglasses. The variable materials cost is $2 per unit, and the variable labor cost is $3.4 per unit. a. What is the variable cost per unit? Variable cost 5 5.40 nts eBook Print eferences b. Suppose the company incurs fixed costs of $680,000 during a year in which total a production is 374,000 units. What are the total costs for the year? Total cost $ 2,699,600 C. If the selling price is $9.7 per unit, what is the NSI break-even on a cash basis? Cash break-even point 158,140 units Preu d. If depreciation is $187.000 per year, what is the accounting break-even point? Accounting break-even point 158 140 units 201,628 units 158,140 units 211,709 units 191,547 units
Night Shades Incorporated to determine the overall expenses for the year, we must sum the total of all variable expenses to the total of all fixed expenses. Total variable costs equal $15.50 x 200,000, or $3,100,000. The correct answer is c. units 211,709.
Variable cost per unit is equal to total production.Therefore,
$3,100,000 + $500,000
= $3,600,000 as the total cost for the year. We must divide the total fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit to determine the cash break-even point. The selling price per unit less the variable cost per unit equals the contribution margin per unit. Margin of contribution per unit is
$40.50 – $15.50
= $25.00. Cash break-even point is calculated as follows
$500,000 / $25.00
= 20,000 units; total fixed costs; contribution margin per unit.The variable materials cost is $2 per unit, and the variable labor cost is $3.4 per unit.
Complete question:
10 Night Shades Incorporated (NSI) manufactures biotech sunglasses. The variable materials cost is $2 per unit, and the variable labor cost is $3.4 per unit. a. What is the variable cost per unit? Variable cost 5 5.40 nts eBook Print eferences b. Suppose the company incurs fixed costs of $680,000 during a year in which total a production is 374,000 units. What are the total costs for the year? Total cost $ 2,699,600 C. If the selling price is $9.7 per unit, what is the NSI break-even on a cash basis? Cash break-even point 158,140 units Preu d. If depreciation is $187.000 per year, what is the accounting break-even point? Accounting break-even point 158 140
a. units 201,628
b. units 158,140
c. units 211,709
d. units 191,547 units
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Stocks A and B have the following probability distributions of expected future returns:
Probability A B
0.1 (9 %) (22 %)
0.2 4 0
0.5 13 21
0.1 20 29
0.1 29 37
Calculate the expected rate of return, , for Stock B ( = 11.30%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
Calculate the standard deviation of expected returns, σA, for Stock A (σB = 16.37%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
Now calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assume the risk-free rate is 3.5%. What are the Sharpe ratios for Stocks A and B? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to four decimal places.
Stock A:
Stock B:
The expected rate of return for Stock B is 19.3%. The standard deviation of expected returns for Stock A is 5.56%. The coefficient of variation for Stock B is 0.8497. The Sharpe ratio for Stock A is 1.5791 and the Sharpe ratio for Stock B is 0.9328.
To calculate the expected rate of return for Stock B, we need to multiply the probability of each return by the return itself, and then sum up the results:
Expected return of Stock B = (0.1 x 22%) + (0.5 x 21%) + (0.1 x 29%) + (0.1 x 37%) = 2.2% + 10.5% + 2.9% + 3.7% = 19.3%
To calculate the standard deviation of expected returns for Stock A, we need to first calculate the variance. We can do this by using the formula:
Variance = Σ (Pi * (Ri - E(R))^2)
Where Pi is the probability of return Ri, and E(R) is the expected rate of return. Then we take the square root of the variance to get the standard deviation.
Expected return of Stock A = (0.1 x 9%) + (0.2 x 4%) + (0.5 x 13%) + (0.1 x 20%) + (0.1 x 29%) = 0.9% + 0.8% + 6.5% + 2.0% + 2.9% = 13.1%
Variance of Stock A = (0.1 x (9% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.2 x (4% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.5 x (13% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.1 x (20% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.1 x (29% - 13.1%)^2) = 30.87
Standard deviation of Stock A = sqrt(Variance) = sqrt(30.87) = 5.56%
To calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B, we need to divide the standard deviation by the expected rate of return:
Coefficient of variation of Stock B = σB / E(R) = 16.37% / 19.3% = 0.8497
The Sharpe ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return, and is calculated by dividing the excess return of an asset over the risk-free rate by its standard deviation:
Sharpe ratio of Stock A = (13.1% - 3.5%) / 5.56% = 1.5791
Sharpe ratio of Stock B = (19.3% - 3.5%) / 16.37% = 0.9328
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Lohn Corporation is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $8, $7, $4, and $2. Afterward, the company pledges to maintain a constant 8 percent growth rate in dividends forever. If the required return on the stock is 17 percent, what is the current share price?
The current share price of the stock of Lohn Corporation is calculated to be $91.11.
The current share price of the stock of Lohn Corporation can be calculated by using the Gordon Growth Model. According to the Gordon Growth Model, the current share price can be calculated by adding all the dividends to be paid in the next four years and then dividing the total dividend by the difference between the required rate of return (17%) and the growth rate of dividends (8%).
Therefore, the current share price of the stock of Lohn Corporation is calculated by adding $8 + $7 + $4 + $2 and then dividing the total dividend by 0.09 (17% - 8%). The current share price of the stock of Lohn Corporation is calculated to be $91.11.
In conclusion, the current share price of the stock of Lohn Corporation is calculated to be $91.11. This price is calculated by using the Gordon Growth Model and factoring in the dividends to be paid over the next four years and the required rate of return and dividend growth rate.
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The current share price of Lohn Corporation is $42.52.
To calculate the current share price of Lohn Corporation, we need to find the present value of all future dividends and the present value of the terminal value, which is the perpetuity of dividends after four years.
First, we can calculate the present value of the four-year dividend stream using the formula for the present value of a growing annuity:
[tex]PV = D * \frac{1 - (1+g)^{-n}}{r - g}[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, D is the first-year dividend, g is the growth rate, r is the required return, and n is the number of years.
Using the given values, we can find the present value of the first four years of dividends as:
[tex]PV = 8 \times \frac{1 - (1+0.08)^{-1}}{0.17 - 0.08} + 7 \times \frac{1 - (1+0.08)^{-2}}{0.17 - 0.08} + 4 \times \frac{1 - (1+0.08)^{-3}}{0.17 - 0.08} + 2 \times \frac{1 - (1+0.08)^{-4}}{0.17 - 0.08}[/tex]
PV = $16.52
Next, we need to find the present value of the terminal value, which is the perpetuity of dividends after four years. We can use the formula for the present value of perpetuity to do this:
PV = D / (r - g)
Where D is the dividend in year 5, g is the growth rate, and r is the required return.
Since the company is expected to maintain a constant 8 percent growth rate in dividends forever, we can find the terminal value as:
PV = [tex]2 \times \frac{(1+0.08) }{(0.17 - 0.08) }[/tex]
PV = $26
Finally, we can find the current share price by adding the present value of the four-year dividend stream and the present value of the terminal value:
Current share price = $16.52 + $26
Current share price = $42.52
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Q. Consider politicians and how they utilize authenticity, cognitive biases, and persuasion to influence the media and the voting public.
b. Discuss the role of authenticity in politics - is it used or not, and why?
#use accountability, vulnerability, integrity, security and humility to answer part B (long answer)
In politics, authenticity is essential because it fosters credibility and trust. Voters are swayed by politicians who exhibit responsibility, openness, security, honesty, and humility.
Authenticity is important in politics because it builds credibility and trust with the electorate. Sincere politicians take ownership of their decisions and actions as a sign of accountability. Their humanness and capacity to relate to voters on a personal level are demonstrated by their vulnerability.
While security suggests that a politician has a feeling of stability and continuity, integrity informs voters that a politician is trustworthy and honest. Humble politicians can acknowledge their errors and grow from them. Therefore, politicians that see its significance in developing connections with the people and winning their confidence employ authenticity.
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Mini-Case E: Mario has worked hard his entire life and has accumulated significant assets. He is now 85 years old and has decided to prepare a Will for the very first time. He has always lived in Quebec, has never married, nor had children. He would like to gift his entire estate to charity. His siblings and his many nieces and nephews will be very surprised to not receive an inheritance. He knows that the charity that takes care of the homeless is the right thing to do, especially as no one in his family has ever been close, visited or invited him to family occasions. a) Mario is contemplating three types of Will. List them: 1. 2. 3. b) Mario knows that his family will contest his decision and he does not want the charity to have any issues. Which one of the three types of Wills should Mario avoid? c) State your reason for your response in b): d) Mario called an ambulance recently as he was having difficulty breathing. If he dies before he has a Will prepared, what is this called?
In Mini-Case E, Mario is an 85-year-old man who has decided to prepare a Will for the first time, intending to gift his entire estate to charity, as he has no close family connections. He is contemplating three types of Wills. These are:
1. Holographic Will
2. Notarial Will
3. Will made in the presence of witnesses
Mario knows that his family may contest his decision, and he wants to avoid any issues for the charity. He should avoid creating a Holographic Will, as it is more susceptible to challenges and disputes.
The reason for avoiding a Holographic Will is that it is handwritten and does not require witnesses, making it easier for family members to contest its validity.
A Notarial Will or a Will made in the presence of witnesses would provide greater protection for Mario's intentions, as they involve a more formal process and third-party verification.
If Mario dies before having a Will prepared, this situation is called dying "intestate."
In such cases, the distribution of the estate follows the rules established by the law, which may not align with Mario's wishes to leave his entire estate to charity.
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Problem Walk-Through Project L requires an initial outlay at t = 0 of $57,975, its expected cash inflows are $11,000 per year for 9 years, and its WACC is 9%. What is the project's IRR? Round your answer to two decimal places. %
Project L's IRR is 12.18%, which means that the project is expected to generate a rate of return of 12.18% per year.
To solve this problem, we can use the IRR (internal rate of return) formula. IRR is the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the project's cash flows equals zero. In other words, it's the rate of return that makes the project's inflows equal to its outflows.
We can calculate the NPV of the project's cash flows using the formula:
[tex]NPV = -Initial Outlay + (Cash Inflow / (1+WACC)^t)[/tex]
where t is the time period (in years) and WACC is the weighted average cost of capital.
Using this formula, we can calculate the NPV of Project L as follows:
[tex]NPV = -$57,975 + ($11,000 / (1+0.09)^1) + ($11,000 / (1+0.09)^2) + ... + ($11,000 / (1+0.09)^9)\\NPV = -$57,975 + $7,384.08 + $6,776.47 + ... + $2,667.10\\NPV = $2,429.48[/tex]
Now, we can use the IRR formula to find the rate of return that makes the NPV equal to zero:
[tex]0 = -$57,975 + ($11,000 / (1+IRR)^1) + ($11,000 / (1+IRR)^2) + ... + ($11,000 / (1+IRR)^9)[/tex]
Using a financial calculator or Excel, we can solve for IRR and find that it is approximately 12.18%. Therefore, the project's IRR is 12.18%.
In conclusion, Project L's IRR is 12.18%, which means that the project is expected to generate a rate of return of 12.18% per year. This is higher than the WACC of 9%, so the project is expected to be profitable and create value for the company. However, it's important to note that the IRR is only one factor to consider when evaluating a project, and other factors such as risk, opportunity cost, and strategic fit should also be taken into account.
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true or false: in general, the best way to allocate costs in a large organization is to assign all overhead expenses to a single cost pool with one cost driver.
The given statement is false because assigning all overhead expenses to a single cost pool with one cost driver can lead to inaccurate cost allocation and poor decision-making.
This method assumes that all overhead costs are driven by a single factor, which may not be the case. For example, assigning all overhead costs to a single cost pool based on direct labor hours may not accurately reflect the true cost drivers of the organization.
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a more accurate method of cost allocation for large organizations. ABC uses multiple cost pools with appropriate cost drivers that accurately reflect the activities that drive the costs. By using multiple cost pools and appropriate cost drivers, organizations can make better decisions regarding pricing, product mix, and process improvements.
ABC provides a more accurate picture of the cost structure of a large organization and allows costs to be assigned to specific activities, providing a more accurate understanding of the true cost of producing a product or service.
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Consider a firm whose only asset is a plot of vacant land, and whose only liability is debt of $14.8 million due in one year. If left vacant, the land will be worth $9.7 million in one year. Alternatively, the firm can develop the land at an up-front cost o $20.4 million. The developed the land will be worth $35.6 million in one year. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 10.1%, assume all cash flows are risk-free, and there are no taxes. a. If the firm chooses not to develop the land, what is the value of the firm's equity today? What is the value of the debt today? b. What is the NPV of developing the land? c. Suppose the firm raises $20.4 million from the equity holders to develop the land. If the firm develops the land, what is the value of the firm's equity today? What is the value of the firm's debt today? d. Given your answer to part (C), would equity holders be willing to provide the $20.4 million needed to develop the land?
a- the value of the firm's equity today $14.8 million, b-NPV of developing the land is $9.81million, c-
The value of the firm's debt today remains the same as before, which is $14.8 million.
a. If the firm chooses not to develop the land, its value in one year will be $9.7 million. Since the only liability of the firm is $14.8 million, the equity of the firm today will be:
Equity = Value of land in one year - Debt = $9.7 million - $14.8 million = -$5.1 million
b. The net present value (NPV) of developing the land is:
NPV = Value of developed land in one year - Up-front cost of development
= $35.6 million / (1 + 10.1%) - $20.4 million / (1 + 10.1%)
= $28.29 million - $18.48 million
= $9.81 million
Since the NPV of developing the land is positive, it is a profitable investment for the firm.
c. If the firm raises $20.4 million from the equity holders to develop the land, the value of the firm's equity today will be:
Equity = Value of developed land in one year - Debt - Up-front cost of development = $35.6 million - $14.8 million - $20.4 million = $0.4 million
d. Since the value of the firm's equity today is positive after developing the land, equity holders may be willing to provide the $20.4 million needed to develop the land, as the investment is expected to generate a positive return. However, other factors such as the riskiness of the investment, the reputation of the firm, and the availability of other investment opportunities may also influence the willingness of equity holders to invest in the project.
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Discuss whether land improvements used in a trade or business are eligible for cost recovery.
Land improvements used in a trade or business are generally eligible for cost recovery. However, it is important to note that the term "land improvements" refers to improvements to the land, not the land itself.
Examples of land improvements include things like sidewalks, roads, fences, and parking lots. These improvements are considered to have a determinable useful life and are therefore depreciable assets.
The recovery period for land improvements varies depending on the specific type of improvement. For example, the recovery period for sidewalks and roads is generally 15 years, while the recovery period for fences and parking lots is generally 20 years.
It is important to note that not all land improvements are eligible for cost recovery. For example, land improvements that are not used in a trade or business, such as improvements to a personal residence, are generally not eligible for cost recovery.
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Commercial paper is usually sold at a discount. Fan Corporation has just sold an issue of 80-day commercial paper with a face value of $0.8 million. The firm has received initial proceeds of$787,931. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.)
a. What effective annual rate will the firm pay for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year?
b. If a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid from the initial proceeds to an investment banker for selling the issue, what effective annual rate will the firm pay, assuming that the paper is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year?
a. The effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year, is 5.46%.
b. The effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year and a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid, is 7.82%.
a. How to determine the effective annual rate that Fan Corporation will pay for commercial paper financing ?To find the effective annual rate, we first need to calculate the discount on the face value of the commercial paper financing:
Discount = Face Value - Initial Proceeds
Discount = $800,000 - $787,931
Discount = $12,069
The effective annual rate can be calculated using the following formula:
(1 + i)[tex]^n[/tex] = (Face Value / Initial Proceeds)
where i is the effective annual rate, and n is the number of times the commercial paper is rolled over in a year.
Since the commercial paper is rolled over every 80 days, it will be rolled over 365/80 = 4.56 times in a year.
Substituting the values into the formula:
(1 + i)4.56 = ($800,000 / $787,931)
Solving for i, we get:
i = [(($800,000 / $787,931)(¹/⁴.⁵⁶)) - 1] x 4.56
i = 0.0546 or 5.46%
Therefore, the effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year, is 5.46%.
b. How to calculate the effective annual rate when a brokerage fee is paid to an investment banker?To calculate the effective annual rate with the brokerage fee, we need to subtract the fee from the initial proceeds:
Net Proceeds = Initial Proceeds - Brokerage Fee
Net Proceeds = $787,931 - $7,747
Net Proceeds = $780,184
The discount on the face value of the commercial paper remains the same at $12,069.
Substituting the values into the formula used in part a:
(1 + i)⁴.⁵⁶ = ($800,000 / $780,184)
Solving for i, we get:
i = [(($800,000 / $780,184)(¹/⁴.⁵⁶)) - 1] x 4.56
i = 0.0782 or 7.82%
Therefore, the effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year and a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid, is 7.82%.
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Find At t=0, consider a fixed-for-floating swap with swap rate 2% and with annual payments, which expires at T=3. What is the dollar duration of this swap, given Z(0,1)=0.98, Z(0,2)=0.95, Z(0,3)=0.92?
The dollar duration of the fixed-for-floating swap with a swap rate of 2% and annual payments at t=0 is $0.06.
To calculate the dollar duration of the swap, first determine the fixed leg and floating leg present values at t=0:
1. Fixed leg: Multiply the swap rate (2%) by each discount factor Z(t) and sum the results:
Fixed_leg_PV = 2% * (0.98 + 0.95 + 0.92) = 0.06.
2. Floating leg: The present value of the floating leg at t=0 is equal to 1 minus the last discount factor Z(0,3):
Floating_leg_PV = 1 - 0.92 = 0.08.
3. Finally, subtract the floating leg present value from the fixed leg present value to get the dollar duration of the swap:
Dollar_duration = Fixed_leg_PV - Floating_leg_PV = 0.06 - 0.08 = -$0.02.
However, since the question asks for the dollar duration at t=0, we consider only the fixed leg, as the floating leg resets to zero at each payment date. Therefore, the dollar duration of the swap at t=0 is $0.06.
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Which increment should be examined first in incremental rate of return analysis, if MARR = 8.5%?
Do-nothing A B C D First cost 0 $4,500 $3,000 $8,000 $4,500 Annual benefit 717 553 1,330 626
Life 10 yrs ROR 9.5% 13.0% 10.5% 6.5% A. A-B B. A-C C. B-C D. B-A
The correct answer is A. A-B.
To determine which increment should be examined first in incremental rate of return analysis, we need to calculate the incremental rate of return (IRR) for each possible combination of projects. The IRR is the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the incremental benefits and costs equals zero.
Using a spreadsheet or financial calculator, we can calculate the NPV of each project and the incremental NPV for each combination of projects. Then, we can calculate the IRR for each incremental investment.
Assuming a 10-year life for all projects, MARR = 8.5%, and the first cost of the do-nothing project is 0, the NPVs and incremental NPVs are:
Project A: NPV = $4,740, IRR = 9.5%
Project B: NPV = $1,831, IRR = 13.0%
Project C: NPV = $5,822, IRR = 10.5%
Project D: NPV = $2,955, IRR = 6.5%
Incremental NPV of A-B: $2,909, IRR = 25.1%
Incremental NPV of A-C: $5,082, IRR = 15.2%
Incremental NPV of B-C: $3,251, IRR = 23.5%
Incremental NPV of B-A: -$2,909, IRR = -25.1%
Based on these calculations, we can see that the first combination that should be examined is A-B since it has the highest IRR (25.1%) and therefore represents the most attractive incremental investment.
In incremental rate of return analysis, we always examine the combinations in order of their incremental rates of return, starting with the highest IRR and moving down to the lowest. This ensures that we select the most profitable combination of projects while meeting our minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR) criterion.
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What are all the ratios necessary to prepare a detailed analysisof the capital structure (short term and long term) of acompany?
To prepare a detailed analysis of a company's capital structure (short-term and long-term), several ratios can be used including the debt-to-equity ratio.
Here are some ratios that can be used to analyze the capital structure (short-term and long-term) of a company:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio: This ratio measures the company's leverage by comparing its total liabilities to its shareholders' equity.Debt-to-Assets Ratio: This ratio measures the proportion of the company's assets that are financed by debt.Debt Ratio: This ratio measures the percentage of the company's assets that are financed by debt.Interest Coverage Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to pay interest on its debt by comparing its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to its interest expense.Current Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to meet its short-term debt obligations by comparing its current assets to its current liabilities.Quick Ratio: This ratio is similar to the current ratio but excludes inventory from current assets, as inventory can be difficult to liquidate quickly.Cash Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to pay off its current liabilities with its cash and cash equivalents.Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to meet its fixed expenses (such as rent and lease payments) by comparing its earnings before fixed charges and taxes (EBFCT) to its fixed charges.Total Capitalization Ratio: This ratio measures the percentage of the company's total capital (debt and equity) that is financed by debt.Long-Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio: This ratio measures the company's long-term leverage by comparing its long-term debt to its shareholders' equity.These ratios can be used to assess the financial health of a company's capital structure and help determine if it is too heavily reliant on debt financing, which can be risky if the company experiences financial difficulties.
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the place that the firm's offering occupies in the mind of the consumer; the sum of all that the consumer thinks and fells about a product, is known as:
The place that the firm's offering occupies in the mind of the consumer; the sum of all that the consumer thinks and fells about a product, is known as Positioning.
The notion of positioning is distinct from the idea of brand awareness and relates to the position that a brand has in the minds of the consumers as well as how it is set apart from the products of the rivals. Companies may stress a brand's distinctive qualities (what it is, what it does, how it works, etc.) in order to position their goods or they may aim to project the right image through the use of the marketing mix.
It can be challenging to change a brand's positioning once it has established a strong position. Brands must be able to interact with consumers in a genuine way in order to position their products successfully and leave a positive brand recall. Developing a brand persona frequently facilitates this kind of connection.
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A property is expected to have NOI of $122,000 the first year. The NOI is expected to increase by 5 percent per year thereafter. The appraised value of the property is currently $1.25 million and the lender is willing to make a $1,136,000 participation loan with a contract interest rate of 5.5 percent. The loan will be amortized with monthly payments over a 20-year term. In addition to the regular mortgage payments, the lender will receive 50 percent of the NOI in excess of $122,000 each year until the loan is repaid. The lender also will receive 50 percent of any increase in the value of the property. The loan includes a substantial prepayment penalty for repayment before year 5, and the balance of the loan is due in year 10. (If the property has not been sold, the participation will be based on the appraised value of the property.) Assume that the appraiser would estimate the value in year 10 by dividing the NOI for year 11 by an 9 percent capitalization rate.
Required: Calculate the effective cost (to the borrower) of the participation loan assuming the loan is held for 10 years. (Note that this is also the expected return to the lender.) (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
To calculate the property value increase, we need to first calculate the property value in year 11 based on the estimated NOI for that year. Therefore, the estimated NOI for year 11 is: $197,718.75
To calculate the effective cost of the participation loan, we need to determine the total amount of payments made by the borrower over the 10-year period, including the regular mortgage payments and the payments to the lender based on excess NOI and property value increases.
To calculate the property value increase, we need to first calculate the property value in year 11 based on the estimated NOI for that year. We know that the appraiser would estimate the value in year 10 by dividing the NOI for year 11 by an 9 percent capitalization rate. Therefore, the estimated NOI for year 11 is:
Year 11: $197,718.75 ($189
First, we need to calculate the NOI for each year:
Year 1: $122,000
Year 2: $128,100 ($122,000 x 1.05)
Year 3: $134,505 ($128,100 x 1.05)
Year 4: $141,230 ($134,505 x 1.05)
Year 5: $148,291 ($141,230 x 1.05)
Year 6: $155,706 ($148,291 x 1.05)
Year 7: $163,491 ($155,706 x 1.05)
Year 8: $171,666 ($163,491 x 1.05)
Year 9: $180,248 ($171,666 x 1.05)
Year 10: $189,255 ($180,248 x 1.05
Next, we need to calculate the payments to the lender based on excess NOI and property value increases. We know that the lender will receive 50% of any excess NOI above $122,000 and 50% of any increase in the value of the property. We can calculate these payments as follows:
Excess NOI: Year 1: $0
Year 2: $3,050.00 (($128,100 - $122,000) x 0.5)
Year 3: $3,627.75 (($134,505 - $122,000) x 0.5)
Year 4: $4,216.25 (($141,230 - $122,000) x 0.5)
Year 5: $4,817.00 (($148,291 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Year 6: $5,431.50 (($155,706 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Year 7: $6,061.25 (($163,491 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Year 8: $6,707.75 (($171,666 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Year 9: $7,372.50 (($180,248 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Year 10: $8,056.00 (($189,255 - $122,000) x 0.5))
Total excess NOI payments over 10 years: $46,315.25, After 11 years : $197,718.75
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