Answer:
C
Explanation:
A breach of contract occurs when one of the parties to a contract decides not to honor all or some of the terms spelled out in the contract. In other words, a breach of contract occurs when actionable terms in the contract are neglected by one of the parties to the contract.
The actionable term in the contract signed by both Diary Farm and EZ Serve Ice Cream Company is for Diary Farm to supply milk to EZ Serve Ice Cream Company. Hence, not supplying milk as agreed represents a breach of the contract, all other things being equal.
Correct option: C
Robust Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory. Product 66 has a cost of $812, a replacement cost of $775, a net realizable value of $800, and a normal profit margin of $50. What is the final lower-of-cost-or-market inventory value for product 66
Answer:
$775
Explanation:
In inventory valuation , inventory are valued at the lower of cost to replace an item of inventory and the net realizable value.
The net realizable value is the proceed earned from the disposal of an inventory less the cost related to the disposal.
In the scenario described in the question , The replacement cost for product 66 is $775 while the net realizable value is $800. Therefore , the final inventory valuation will be the lower of $775 and $800 which is $775
A river barge company can offer cheaper, although slower, per-pound transportation of products to companies when compared with transportation by air, truck, or rail. The river barge company should first target customers whose companies use:
Answer:
the cost leadership strategy.
Explanation:
A river barge company can offer cheaper, although slower, per-pound transportation of products to companies when compared with transportation by air, truck, or rail. The river barge company should first target customers whose companies use the cost leadership strategy.
A cost leadership strategy is a business strategy which is aimed at using the lowest cost of production and operation in a business.
Hence, river barge company cheaper, although slower, per-pound transportation as against the use of air, truck, or rail which would be more expensive.
Greg was looking at different websites to complete his paper for his accounting class. He found several websites that ended in .org, .gov, and .edu. He was unsure about franksmith.net, created by Frank Smith, which gave him a lot of information that he thought was important. Which best describes how Greg could find more information about the website to check for its validation?
In this question the options are missing; here are the options:
Which best describes how Greg could find more information about the website to check for its validation?
Greg could assume it is valid because it is a .net.
Greg could look at the contact page to validate Frank's expertise.
Greg could look to see if the website was updated recently,
Greg could assume it is valid since Frank is not selling anything.
The answer to this question is B. Greg could look at the contact page to validate Frank's expertise.
Explanation:
One of the key factors that make a source to be credible is the expertise of the author because if the author is an expert in the area, the source is generally considered as credible. For example, the words of Isaac Newton are a credible source if these are related to areas such as maths, physics, or astronomy because he was an expert in this area. In this context, one way Greg could validate this source is by checking who is Frank Smith to verify if he is an expert in the topic. This makes option B correct.
Answer:B) Greg could look at the contact page to validate Frank’s expertise.
Explanation: Got it correct, edu.23
Distinguish among operating, investing, and financing activities for the statement of cash flows indirect method) Aurum Investments specializes in low-risk government bonds. Identify each of Vanderpool's transactions as operating (O), investing (I), financing (F), non-cash investing and financing (NIF), or a transaction that is not reported on the statement of cash flows (N). Indicate whether each item increases (+) or decreases (minus) cash. The indirect method is used for operating cash flows.
A. Acquisition of equipment by issuance of note payable
B. Purchase of long-term investment with cash
C. Issuance of long-term note payable to borrow cash
D. Increase in prepaid expenses
E. Decrease in accrued liabilities
F. Loss of sale of equipment
G. Decrease in accounts receivable
H. Depreciation of equipment
I. Increase in accounts payable Amortization of intangible assets
K. Purchase of treasury stock
L. Payment of long-term debt
M. Increase in salary payable
N. Cash sale of land
O. Sale of long-term investment
P. Acquisition of building by cash payment
Q. Net income
R. Issuance of common stock for cash
S. Payment of cash dividend
Answer and Explanation:
The cash flow statement includes three categories of activities which are listed below:
1. Operating activities: This covers all transactions that after net income impact the working capital. This will subtract the rise in current assets and a reduction in current liabilities, while adding the decline in current assets and a rise in current liabilities.
It will manage some adjustments in working capital. For addition, the depreciation expenses are applied to the net profit and the loss on the selling of assets is added, while the profit on the sale of assets is deducted
2. Investing activities: it tracks operations that involve purchasing and selling long-term properties. The buying is a cash outflow while the sale is a cash inflow
3. Financing operations: it tracks transactions that have an impact on long-term debt and equity balance of shareholders. Share issue is a cash inflow while redemption and dividends are cash outflows.
Based on the above explanation, the classification is as follows
A. , non-cash investing and financing (NIF), as it does not involve any cash transactions
B. Investing activity as this reflects the cash outflows
C. Financing activity as this reflects the cash inflows
D. Operating activity as this reflects the cash outflows
E. Operating activity as this reflects the cash outflows
F. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
G. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
H. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
I. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
J. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
K. Financing activity as this reflects the cash outflows
L. Financing activity as this reflects the cash outflows
M. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
N. Investing activity as this reflects the cash inflows
O. Investing activity as this reflects the cash inflows
P. Investing activity as this reflects the cash outflows
Q. Operating activity as this reflects the cash inflows
R. Financing activity as this reflects the cash inflows
S. Financing activity as this reflects the cash outflows
prime factorization of 1624
Answer:
1624 = 2, 4, 8, 7, 56, 29, 1624 divided by 2, 2, 2, 7, 29
Explanation:
start by dividing the number by the first prime number which is 2.and continue dividing. only can divide by prime numbers since it's prime factorization.
Put'er There manufactures baseball gloves. Each glove requires $22 of direct materials and $18 of direct labor. Variable manufacturing overhead cost is $7 per unit and fixed manufacturing overhead cost is $19,000 in total. Variable selling and administrative costs are $11 per unit sold and fixed selling and administrative costs are $13,200. Last period, 800 gloves were produced, and 585 gloves were sold. The unit product cost is:_______.
a. $70.75 per unit.
b. $47 per unit.
c. $58 per unit.
d. $81.75 per unit.
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Each glove requires $22 of direct materials and $18 of direct labor. Variable manufacturing overhead cost is $7 per unit and fixed manufacturing overhead cost is $19,000 in total.
There are two methods to calculate the unitary production costs. The variable costing method and the absorption costing method.
The absorption costing method includes all costs related to production, both fixed and variable. The unit product cost is calculated using direct material, direct labor, and total unitary manufacturing overhead.
The variable costing method incorporates all variable production costs (direct material, direct labor, and variable overhead).
Variable costing method:
Unitary product cost= 22 + 18 + 7= $47
Absorption costing method:
Unitary fixed costs= 19,000/800= 23.75
Unitary product cost= 47 + 23.75= $70.75
Morton Company began operations on January 1, 2019. The company has the following items included in its stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet on December 31, 2020: 6% Preferred stock, $100 par, 100,000 shares authorized, 25,000 shares issued and outstanding $2,500,000 Common stock, $3 par, 500,000 share authorized; 150,000 shares issued and outstanding 450,000 Additional paid-in capital 2,250,000 Total dividends for 2019 & 2020 were: During 2019, Dividends not paid During 2020, Dividends Declared and paid $160,000 If Morton Company’s preferred stock was noncumulative, how much of the 2020 dividends would have been distributed to preferred and common stockholders?
Answer:
Preferred dividend = $150,000
Common Dividend = $10,000
Explanation:
Given the following :
Number of shares issued and outstanding = 25,000
Par value = $100
Dividend rate on Preffered stock = 6%
2019 Dividend = Not paid
2020 Dividend = $160,000 declared and paid
If preferred Dividend was non-cummulative:
Value of Preferred dividend = (Preffered shares issued and outstanding * par value * preferred dividend rate)
Value of preferred dividend = (25,000 * $100 * 0.06) = $150,000
Common dividend = (Total Dividend declared and paid - value of preferred dividend)
Value of Common Dividend = ( $160,000 - 150,000) = $10,000
Preferred dividend = $150,000
Common Dividend = $10,000
Your sister recently opened a swanky three-floor cheese market, Fromagerie, which is quickly gaining attention from locals, the press, and restaurateurs in the area. Located near a college town, Fromagerie specializes in rare international cheeses; and on the top floor, there is a bistro where patrons can take cooking lessons, meet new people, dine, and sample some of the world's most savory cheeses before they make a purchase decision. The bistro element of the Fromagerie is primarily an example of your sister's retail strategy in the area of:______
a. merchandising
b. atmospheric
c. location
d. customer services
e. promotion
Answer:
customer service
Explanation:
In simple words, h Customer care or service refers to the immediate each-on-one relationship between a paying customer and the subject company's marketing agent. This direct engagement is seen by most merchants as a key factor in maintaining customer loyalty and promoting repeat sales.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the given case relates to customer service.
14. Two alternative measures of the overall level of prices are a. the inflation rate and the consumer price index. b. the inflation rate and the GDP deflator. c. the GDP deflator and the consumer price index. d. the cost of living index and nominal GDP
Answer:
c. the GDP deflator and the consumer price index.
Explanation:
Two alternative measures of the overall level of prices are the GDP deflator and the consumer price index.
The GDP deflator can be defined as a measure of the changes in prices for all of the finished goods and services produced domestically in an economy in a particular period of time, usually a year. This simply means that, the gross domestic product deflator measures the inflation in an economy.
Consumer price index (CPI) can be defined as a measure of the aggregate or average changes in price level of a weighted market basket of finished goods and services that consumers purchased over a specific period of time. The CPI is also a measure of the inflation in an economy over a specific period of time.
In March 2012, the state of California started requiring that all packaging for food and drink with the additive 4-methylimidazole (4-MI) be clearly labeled with a cancer warning. Because of this, both Pepsi and Coke changed their formula to eliminate 4-MI as an ingredient. If Pepsi and Coke did NOT change their formula, holding all else constant, what would have happened to the demand for these goods, assuming Pepsi and Coke were in a competitive market
Answer:
The demand curve for Pepsi and Coke would have shifted to the left, causing the price of both products to decrease and the profits for both companies to fall.
Explanation:
As in the question it is mentioned that the if the Pepsi and Coke do not change the formula and all other things being constant so the demand for the goods in case of the competitive market is that the demand curve is shifted to the left which results in a decrease in the price of both goods also due to price falls the profits for both companies dropped.
"Whenever Andrew considers upgrading his personal computer system, he consults with Jeremy, a knowledgeable friend who always has the newest technology. For Andrew, Jeremy is a(n) __________ in the diffusion of innovation curve."
Answer: innovator
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that whenever Andrew considers upgrading his personal computer system, he normally consults with Jeremy, a knowledgeable friend who always has the newest technology.
Regarding the question, Jeremy is an innovator. An innovator is someone who has embraced new ideas and is always trying out new gadgets and technology.
Etsuro is a management consultant. Baker Corp. asks him to evaluate their company, and he finds that the difference between the cost of producing the firm's products and the value of those products is extremely narrow. What should Etsuro suggest that Baker Corp. management do? Find a way to pass on as much profit as possible to suppliers and customers. Find a way to widen the gap between cost and value. Shore up the company's strong position by erecting entry barriers. Encourage customers to buy complements to their products.
Answer:
find a way to widen the gap between cost and value
Explanation:
Since in the question, it is mentioned that Baker Corp wants to evaluate the company and determine the difference between the cost for producing the products and the value
So here Baker corp should find a way to broaden the gap between the gap and value so that the company could able to find out where is the mistake is done so that it could be improved
Hence, the second option is correct
Analyzing existing workforce demographics, comparing them to relevant labor markets, and setting goals for correcting under representation describes __________, a requirement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Answer:
Affirmative action
Explanation:
Affirmative actions are a set of actions set aside by either the government or voluntary programs that helps to correct the ills of discrimination example :workplace discrimination and it was
a requirement of the Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964.
The civil rights act of 1964 is an act signed into law in 1964 , the act brought an end to the unending discrimination on the bases of sex,religion and race in relation to employment. it also prohibited discrimination of people in public places
A man is running on the straightroad with the uniform velocity of 3m/s. Calculate acceleration produced by him.
Answer:
acceleration =0 m/s^2
Explanation:
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. If there’s no change in velocity, then the rate of change is zero, hence the acceleration is zero. The question says the man is running at a uniform velocity (i.e. he’s running at a steady speed in a fixed direction). This means his velocity is constant, or unchanging. Hence, his acceleration is zero.
Obviously everything I said in the above paragraph only concerns his horizontal velocity. To get even more specific, it only concerns the horizontal velocity of his centre of mass. Vertically, he is of course experiencing upward and downward downward acceleration due to how his feet push against the floor as he runs. And his limbs accelerate and decelerate as well, to allow him to run.
But looking at the man’s horizontal motion as a whole, and thinking of his motion as being entirely represented by his centre of mass, his acceleration is 0.
You are the production manager for the toy manufacturing process at the abc company. lumber company right arrow→ abc toy manufacturing company right arrow→ toy store at the mall an example of an internal supplier is
a. the toy store at the mall.
b. the receiving department at abc.
c. the shipping department at abc.
d. the lumber company.
Answer:
b. the receiving department at abc.
Explanation:
The given production process involves a process flow from Lumber Company to ABC Toy Manufacturing to Toy Store at the Mall.
The Lumber company and Toy Store are external parties in this process, with Lumber Company being the External Supplier and Toy Store at the Mall being the External Customer.
Internally we have the Receiving Department at ABC, that receives input from the Lumber Company. Processes it and sends to the Shipping Department.
Therefore internally the Receiving Department at ABC is the supplier to the Shipping Department.
You have been providing a pre-Thanksgiving meal during sales presentations in November for many years and your clients look forward to attending this annual event. When marketing Medicare Advantage and Part D plans, what are you permitted to do with respect to meals?
Answer: Provide light snacks
Explanation:
In a Medicare advantage, a proper meal will not be allowed, the focus of the program is targeted at the Medicare section, so preparing a normal Neal would serve as a distraction to the purpose of the program, even those requesting would be prohibited for such, so what's required would be normal snacks which won't attract attention and individuals can focus on the program: Medicare.
Answer:
b.
You may provide light snacks, but a Thanksgiving style meal would be prohibited, regardless of who provides or pays for the meal.
Explanation:
A meal is considered a distraction to the presentation material, snacks only
Suppose that a company based in Dallas, Texas, initially confronts only four other rival firms. Its own market share is percent, which ties it with the other largest producer and seller in the industry. The market share of each of the other three firms is percent. Then a sixth firm, located in Cleveland, Ohio, enters the same industry. The new firm captures percent market share, and the market share of one of the smallest three original incumbents declines to percent as well. After the Cleveland firm's entry into the industry, what are the values of the four-firm concentration ratio and of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index?
Answer:
1. 86.7%
2. 2244.4
Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
1. The new 4 firm concentration ratio after entry is
= Total mix share of 4 largest firms
= 30% + 30% + 13.33% + 13.33%
= 86.7%
2. Now HHI index is
= sum of squared shares
= 30^2 + 30^2 + 13.33^2 + 13.33^2 + 6.67^2 + 6.67^2
= 2244.4
Hence, we applied the above values so that each part could be determined
The new airline, Aphrodites Airlines is getting ready to make its advertising decisions on how to promote itself in the marketplace. The major advertising objectives it should make to develop its advertising program include: Group of answer choices message/media decisions, budget decisions/, and global market strategies objective settings, budget decisions, ethical dilemmas objective settings, budget decisions, global market strategies and joint ventures objectives setting, budget decisions, message/media decisions, and advertising evaluations
Answer:
Objective setting, budget decisions, message/media decisions, and advertising evaluations.
Explanation:
Advertising strategies differ for every business. There can be different strategies for service business rather than those businesses who provide physical goods. Service business need to pay special attention to their customers because of their intangible nature. Aphrodite's Airlines is making decision to promote its business. First they need to set objectives, then identify their organization budget for advertising activity.
Sam draws a $100 check on his account at Bank A which is then deposited in Bank B. When this check is cleared Group of answer choices Neither Bank As or Bank Bs deposits or reserves are affected. Bank A gains reserves equal to $100 and Bank B gains deposits equal to $100. Bank A gains reserves and deposits equal to $100 Bank B loses reserves and deposits equal to $100 Bank A loses reserves and deposits equal to $100
Answer:
C) Bank A loses reserves and deposits equal to $100
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that sam draws a check for $100 on his account at Bank A and then it is deposited in bank B. Now the check is cleared when B lost reserves and deposits equaled to $100 as the amount is deposited to the bank
Therefore, the correct answer is C
As the rest options are wrong
A Notary Signing Agent consistently follows the practice of obtaining borrowers’ thumbprints in his or her journal, but is commissioned in a state that does not require journal thumbprints. A borrower has complied with all other notarization requirements, but objects to leaving her thumbprint in the journal. What should the Notary Signing Agent do?
Answer:
the Notary Signing Agent should just complete the Signing assignment
Explanation:
In this specific scenario, the Notary Signing Agent should just complete the Signing assignment. This is mainly due to the fact that the Notary agent is commissioned in a state that does not require journal thumbprints, therefore since the borrower has all the correct paperwork requirements the Notary agent would not be breaking any laws by completing the signing assignment, even though it breaks his consistent practice.
Kate also wishes to pay dividends on both her common shares and the preferred stock. She is a little confused between cash and stock dividends. Explain the difference between a cash dividend and a stock dividend. Since Kate is the only stock-holder of the common stock, what would be the effect of issuing a 10 percent stock dividend
Find the answers in the explanation below
Explanation:
Cash dividend: Cash dividend is dividend that is paid in cash to shareholders in the event that the company or firm does not need the money for any kind of operation. This means that the company is giving economic value to its shareholders. This transfer of economic value to shareholder means that the shares price of the company will drop. An example is a company having a share dividend of 5%. That means that the price of the company shares will fall by 5%.
Stock dividend: Stock dividend unlike cash dividend is increase stock dividend as well as help stockholders to avoid tax. This subsequently does not increase the value of the company. For example, if stock dividend of a company is 5% and as much as 1 million shares, when stock dividends are declared the stockholder gets extra of 50,000 shares. The stock holder can either keep the shares or sell it to create his own
Cheers
Offshore oil-drilling operations entail an unavoidable risk of an oil spill, but importing oil on tankers presently entails an even greater such risk per barrel of oil. Therefore, if we are to reduce the risk of an oil spill without curtailing our use of oil, we must invest more in offshore operations and import less oil on tankers.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above.
A) Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.
B) Oil spills caused by tankers have generally been more serious than those caused by offshore operations.
C) The impact of offshore operations on the environments can be controlled by careful management.
D) Offshore operations usually damage the ocean floor, but tankers rarely cause such damage.
E) Importing oil on tankers is currently less expensive than drilling for it offshores.
Answer:
A) Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.
Explanation:
The option that if true most seriously weakens the argument above is: tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill because the statement says that importing oil on tankers entails a greater risk of an oil spill than offshore oil-drilling and the option chosen directly talks about that and says that the tankers can easily be redesigned to decrease the risks of an oil spill which goes against the argument given.
The other options are not right because the options B and C support the argument given. Also, options D and E doesn't talk about oil spill which is the topic on the argument presented.
What is asset allocation? Why is this used?
Answer:
Asset allocation is an investment portfolio technique that aims to balance risk by dividing assets among major categories such as cash, bonds, stocks, real estate, and derivatives. Each asset class has different levels of return and risk, so each will behave differently over time :)
Explanation:
your welcome! :D
Percent of sales method; write-off
At year-end (December 31), Chan Company estimates its bad debts as 0.5% of its annual credit sales of $975,000. Chan records its Bad Debts Expense for that estimate. On the following February 1, Chan decides that the $580 account of P. Park is uncollectible and writes it off as a bad debt. On June 5, Park unexpectedly pays the amount previously written off. Prepare the journal entries of Chan to record these transactions and events of December 31, February 1, and June 5.
Answer:
Entries are given below
Explanation:
On 31 Dec Chan company estimates its bad debts as 0.5% of all credit sales
DEBIT CREDIT
Bad Debt(975,000x0.5%) $4875
Allowance for bad debt $4875
On February 1, Chan decides that the $580 account of P. Park is uncollectible
DEBIT CREDIT
Allowance for bad debt $580
Receivables $580
On June 5, Park unexpectedly pays the amount previously written off.
DEBIT CREDIT
Receivables (reinstated) $580
Allowance for bad debt (reinstated) $580
Cash (amount received) $580
Receivables $580
A television manufacturer in South Korea had to simplify its televisions before introducing them to the Nigerian markets, as the country lacked the skills to repair the product in case of a malfunction. The local salesforce also did not have the sufficient knowledge about the installation of the product. The requirement that is influencing product adaptation in this scenario is
Answer:
The correct answer is "Technological Requirements ".
Explanation:
Throughout the field of computing and development of systems, technological requirements are considerations necessary to produce a request to make or action from such an organization to determine the expectations and needs of either a customer. Technical specifications may apply to technologies such as software, hardware as well as software-driven electronic equipment.So that the given scenario is "Technological Requirements "
A good layout requires determining: Group of answer choices Environment and aesthetics All of the above Material handling requirements Cost of moving between various work areas Capacity and space requirements
Answer:
All of the above.
Explanation:
All alternatives are correct with regard to organizational layout.
Layout planning must be aligned with organizational needs, ensuring the optimization of processes and flow related to the company's productive resources.
To be effective, the layout must combine environment, functionality, resources and costs, in order to optimize the arrangement and activities of the functional areas, allowing correct communication between departments, monitoring the flow of people and materials, reducing idleness and costs and improving the use of available space as a whole.
Marco was a furniture buyer for Wellart Department Stores. Marco was authorized to enter into contracts worth up to $50,000. Marco entered into a contract with Frank's Furniture to purchase $100,000 worth of dining room furniture. If Wellart refuses to honor the contract and Frank's sues:
Answer:
Frank's will win, as Marco had implied and/or apparent authority.
Explanation:
Frank's will win, as Marco had implied and/or apparent authority.
Express authority is the authority which the principal has expressly given to the agent whether in a written or orally form.
Implied authority ( it can as well be described as usual authority) is the authority of an agent to acts which are reasonably incidental to and necessary for the effective performance of his duties.
So relating the above to the situation at hand, Mark acted based on the authority given to him by Wellart Department Stores. It was an implied authority.
Most businesses follow a logical process when performing the planning function. It is important to understand ________, before embarking upon creating future long-term goals, objectives, and strategies. Multiple Choice the current situation how to measure objectives how to evaluate job descriptions and specifications the needs of secondary suppliers
Answer:
the current situation
Explanation:
The business process involves a set of coordinated activities that leads towards accomplishment if the desired result. Planning involves deciding and making a framework to perform a certain action that would help in resulting in desirable outputs. Planning is done by analyzing the current situation, future requirements, and availability. It is termed more to be a preparatory step that helps a business in taking future actions.
The method of developing budget estimates that requires managers to estimate sales, production, and other operating data as though operations are being started for the first time is __________ budgeting. a.flexible b.continuous c.zero-based d.master
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Zero-based budgeting is a method of budgeting in where expenses must be justified for each new period. It requires managers to estimate sales, production, and other operating data as though operations are being started for the first time
The master budget is the sum of all budget made by lower levels in the organisation.
Continuous budgeting is the process of expanding the budget by adding one more month as each month goes by.
A flexible budget is a budget that changes to the activity levels of a the organisation
hoose the statement that is incorrect. A. The consensus is that the crowding-out effect is strong enough to make the government expenditure multiplier less than 1. B. The government expenditure multiplier is the quantitative effect of a change in government expenditure on real GDP. C. The tax multiplier is the quantitative effect of a change in taxes on real GDP. D. The demand-side effects of a tax cut are likely to be larger than an equivalent increase in government expenditure
Answer: D. The demand-side effects of a tax cut are likely to be larger than an equivalent increase in government expenditure
Explanation:
There is now a consensus amongst economists that an increase in Government spending will have larger demand-side effects than a tax cut. This is because Government spending goes directly into the economy and stimulates growth through the ripple effect that it has that will see money multiplied.
Tax cuts on the other hand are only effective if consumers either consume the tax savings or invest them. While they will do this for most of the savings, there is a high probability that they will save some of them instead of spending them.