Explanation: the answer would be d
A non-discriminating monopolist will find that marginal revenue:
A. Exceeds average revenue or price
B. Is identical to price
C. Is sometimes greater and sometimes less than price
D. Is less than average revenue or price
Answer:
is less than average revenue or price
Which statement most accurately describes a conflict of commitment? It involves a monetary gain by one party over another party. It occurs when outside activities interfere with one’s responsibilities to an employer. It occurs when an institution does not follow the financial rules from a funding source. It can only occur between an institution and an outside organization.
Answer:
It occurs when outside activities interfere with one's responsibilities to an employer
Explanation:
Conflict of commitment occurs when the commitment of an employer to a defined terms of employment is shared with other engagements, either personal or with other parties which could lead to a decline in efficiency due to loss of maximum concentration.
This may not necessarily involve monetary gain but has a whole lot of ways through which it can affect productivity as concentration is shared.
It is always good to define activities that constitute conflict of commitment right from the time of forming an employment contract so that an employee can be guided with it.
If the price of biscuit per packet increased from N250 to N500 and the quantity bought per week decreased from 300 to 200 packets, determine the elasticity of demand for biscuit.
Answer:
The the elasticity of demand for biscuit is -0.33.
Explanation:
Elasticity demand is the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded for a commodity to a change in the price of that commodity.
The elasticity of demand for biscuit can be calculated using the following elasticity of demand formula:
Elasticity of demand = Percentage change in Qd / Percentage change in price .................. (1)
Where Qd denotes quantity demanded.
Percentage change in Qd = [(New Quantity - Old Quantity) / Old quantity] * 100 = [(200 - 300) / 300] * 100 = -33.33%
Percentage change in price = [(New price - Old price) / Old price] * 100 = [(N500 - N250) / N250] * 100 = 100%
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Elasticity of demand = -33.33% / 100% = - 0.33
Therefore, the the elasticity of demand for biscuit is -0.33.
Note that since -0.33 in absolute term |-0.33| is less than 1, the demand for biscuit is inelastic. That is, the change in the quantity demanded for biscuit responds less than the change in its price.
Philip's Inc. reports stockholders' equity on its financial statements. The two items reported in the stockholders' equity section of Philip's balance sheet are ________ Capital and Retained Earnings.
Answer:
Paid-in capital.
Explanation:
Philip's Inc. reports stockholders' equity on its financial statements. The two items reported in the stockholders' equity section of Philip's balance sheet are paid-in Capital and Retained Earnings.
In Financial accounting, Paid-in capital is one of the most essential components of the equity of a business and can be defined as the payments received in full (cash or assets) from shareholders (creditors or investors) in exchange for a company's stock. It comprises of common stock and preferred stock.
The CEO of peripheral company QuickDrive uses a leadership style that encourages employees to discuss management issues with the CEO and to work together to resolve those issues in a democratic manner. Which of the following statements would the CEO of QuickDrive most likely make?
A) The key to QuickDrive staying on top in a high-tech industry is not wasting time checking out what other firms do, but to act immediately on my directives.
B) In a high-tech business, it is more important to invest in technology than to invest in people.
C) The key to keeping talented employees loyal to QuickDrive is to use a participative management style and treat them with respect, value their ideas, give them the resources they need, and expect great things from them.
D) Spending a lot of money to buy out competitors for their technology is likely to backfire, because QuickDrive is a leader in technology development.
Answer:
C) The key to keeping talented employees loyal to QuickDrive is to use a participative management style and treat them with respect, value their ideas, give them the resources they need, and expect great things from them.
Explanation:
As for the statement in the question, we can see that the CEO of QuickDrive believes that the ky to success is to engange employees in an active manner.
Employees, instead of being people who only go to work and perform certain tasks, become collaborative with management, taking up the role of management often.
This lack of rigidity and free flow of ideas from top of the company to botton will likely result in a business enviroment that promotes sense of belonging, and rapid adaptation to change.
Gomez Corp. uses the allowance method to account for uncollectibles. On January 31, it wrote off an $2,100 account of a customer, C. Green. On March 9, it receives a $1,600 payment from Green.
Prepare the journal entry or entries for January 31.
Prepare the journal entry or entries for March 9; assume no additional money is expected from Green.
Answer: Please see answer in explanation column
Explanation:
a) Journal entry to write off an uncollectible amount.
Date Account Debit Credit
Jan 31st Allowance for doubtful accounts $2,100
Accounts receivable—C. Green $2,100
b) Journal to record recovery of the bad debt.
Date Account Debit Credit
Mar 9 Accounts receivable—C. Green $1,600
Allowance for doubtful accounts $1,600
c) Journal to record payment on account.
Date Account Debit Credit
Mar 9 Cash $1,600
Accounts receivable—C. Green $1,600
A homeowner receives a tax bill that includes an amount for the library district, taxed at $1.00 per $1,000, and the fire protection district, taxed at $2.00 per $1,000. How much does the taxpayer have to pay for these two items if the property's taxable value is $470,000?
Answer:
$1,410
Explanation:
Given the following :
Library district tax:
$1.00 per $1000
Fire protection district tax:
$2.00 per $1000
TAXABLE value of property = $470,000
Library district tax on property :
($470,000 ÷ $1000) * $1.00
470 * $1.00 = $470
Fire protection district tax on property :
($470,000 ÷ $1000) * $2.00
$470 * $2.00 = $940
Toral tax value :
$940 + $470 = $1,410
If the government requires a natural monopoly to price at marginal cost, Group of answer choices monopoly firms will earn zero economic profits because the price of the good equals the cost of producing that good. monopoly firms will operate at a loss because P < AC. more firms will be able to enter the market. producer surplus will increase because quantity supplied is greater.
Answer:
monopoly firms will operate at a loss because P < AC
Explanation:
A monopoly is when there is only one firm operating in an industry.
A natural monopoly exists either because of high start-up costs or high economies of scale.
A natural monopoly has a decreasing average cost for some output. When the average cost is falling, the marginal cost lies below the average cost. If the government sets price to be equal to marginal cost, which lies below the average cost, the monopoly would incur losses.
A coupon bond that pays semiannual interest is reported in the Wall Street Journal as having an ask price of 116% of its $1,000 par value. If the last interest payment was made 3 months ago and the coupon rate is 5.90%, the invoice price of the bond will be _________.
Answer:
1,172.50
Explanation:
Calculation for the invoice price
Since Semiannual is 6 month and the last interest payment was made 3 months ago that means we would have 3 months left.
Using this formula
Invoice price = Flat rate + Accrued interest
let plug in the formula
Invoice price = 1.16(1,000) + 25.00(3/6)
Invoice price=1,160+12.5
Invoice price=1,172.50
Therefore the invoice price will be 1,172.50
Pearl Windows manufactures and sells custom storm windows for three-season porches. Pearl also provides installation service for the windows. The installation process does not involve changes in the windows, so this service can be performed by other vendors. Pearl enters into the following contract on July 1, 2017, with a local homeowner. The customer purchases windows for a price of $2,440 and chooses Pearl to do the installation. Pearl charges the same price for the windows irrespective of whether it does the installation or not. The installation service is estimated to have a standalone selling price of $630. The customer pays Pearl $2,040 (which equals the standalone selling price of the windows, which have a cost of $1,130) upon delivery and the remaining balance upon installation of the windows. The windows are delivered on September 1, 2017, Pearl completes installation on October 15, 2017, and the customer pays the balance due.
Given uncertainty of finding skilled labor, Pearl is unable to develop a reliable estimate for the standalone selling price of the installation.
Prepare the journal entries for Pearl in 2017.
Answer:
July 1, 2017
No journal entry required because no money or goods have been exchanged.
September 1, 2017
Dr Cash 2,040
Dr Accounts receivable 400
Cr Sales revenue 1,621.37
Cr Unearned revenue 418.63
sales revenue = [$2,040 / ($2,040 + $630)] x $2,440 = $1,621.37
unearned revenue = $2,040 - $1,621.37 = $418.63
September 1, 2017
Dr Cost of goods sold 1,130
Cr Inventory 1,130
October 15, 2017
Dr Cash 400
Dr Unearned revenue 418.63
Cr Accounts receivable 400
Cr Sales revenue 418.63
Q 5.36: Badger Enterprises purchased aluminum from JG Metals. When Badger Enterprises recorded this transaction, they made entries into three accounts: Purchases, Freight Costs, and Purchase Discounts. Based on this, what type of inventory system does Badger Enterprises use
Answer: periodic inventory system
Explanation:
The type of inventory system used by Badger Enterprises is the periodic inventory system. The periodic inventory system is an inventory whereby updates are usually done on periodic basis.
In the periodic inventory system, physical count of inventory is done at specific intervals. This is the method used by the company in the question.
Johnny LaRue sells men's jackets to men's clothing stores, including Melonville Man. Melonville Man orders a selection of men's jackets from LaRue's catalog, asking that LaRue select an assortment of goods for the buyer. LaRue takes advantage of this opportunity to get rid of the odd-sized jackets and those in pastel colors that are no longer popular. LaRue:
Answer:
violated the good faith requirement under sales contracts
Explanation:
In this scenario, it seems that LaRue violated the good faith requirement under sales contracts. In the context of business contracts, good faith refers to dealing honestly and fairly with one another in order for both parties to receive the benefits of the negotiated contract/agreement. In this scenario, LaRue did not do this. Instead, he used the opportunity to take advantage of Melonville Man by adding all the jackets that were unsellable into their purchased package.
Hancock Company has 900,000 shares authorized and 350,000 shares issued and outstanding of its $2 par value common stock. The stock is currently selling for $20 per share. If Hancock Company declared and distributed a 30% stock dividend, what journal entry would the company make
Answer:
Dr Retained Earnings 210,000
Cr Common Stock 210,000
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that the company has 350,000 shares issued with an outstanding of its $2 par value of common stock which means that if Company declared and as well distributed a 30% stock dividend, the transaction will be recorded as
Dr Retained Earnings 210,000
Cr Common Stock 210,000
(350,000 Shares *$2 par value common stock)
=$700,000*30%
=$210,000
Modern products lines typically ensure that the quality of durable goods remains at stable levels, but because services depend on the people who provide them, quality may vary from person to person or day to day, in what is known as the ________ of services.
Answer:
inconsistency of services
Explanation:
Inconsistency of services is one of the characteristics of services. The Inconsistency of a service refers to the fact that a service cannot be perfectly standardized so that eachservice retains exactly the same quality even if provided by same service provider. A service provider may spend and invest heavily in training staff to control quality and reduce inconsistency in quality of services but never be able to perfectly get rid of it
A firm has current assets that could be sold for their book value of $30 million. The book value of its fixed assets is $68 million, but they could be sold for $98 million today. The firm has total debt with a book value of $48 million, but interest rate declines have caused the market value of the debt to increase to $58 million. What is this firm's market-to-book ratio
Answer:
The market-to-book value ratio = market value is to book value of the firm
= $70 : $50 (in millions)
= 7: 5
= 1.4 : 1
Explanation:
a) The book value of the firm is calculated as follows:
Current assets = $30,000
Fixed assets = 68,000
less liabilities = (48,000)
Net book value = $50,000
b) The market value of the firm is calculated as follows:
Current assets = $30,000
Fixed assets = 98,000
less liabilities = (58,000)
Net market value = $70,000
c) The market-to-book ratio is a financial metric that calculates the relationship between the market value and the book value of the firm. The market value represents what the firm's net assets are worth in the market. The book value represents the firm's net assets according to the records kept, which are usually based on the historical costs of assets and liabilities.
The records of Skilling Inc. include the following information on one of its departments, which is considered an investment center. Sales totaled $9,800,000 and investment center income totaled $766,500 for the most recent year. Investment center average invested assets were $3,650,000 during that year. Top management has set a target income of 11.5% of investment center assets. What is the department's residual income
Answer:
Residual income= 346,750
Explanation:
Residual income is the excess of the controllable profit over the opportunity cost of capital invested.
It is used to evaluate the financial performance of a division or department
It is computed as follows:
Residual income = Controllable profit - (cost of capital× operating assets)
Net income - 766,500
investment asset-3,650,000
Cost of capital - 11.5%
Residual income = 766,500 - (11.5%×3,650,000) = 346750
Residual income= 346,750
59. A poultry rancher discovered that when she increased the price of organic eggs from $0.75 to $1.00 per dozen, the sales of her eggs fell from 300 dozen per week to 200 dozen per week. Her price elasticity of demand (using the midpoint method) would be:
Answer:
PED = -1.4 or |1.4| in absolute values, price elastic
Explanation:
the price elasticity of demand (PED) using the midpoint method:
PED = % change in quantity / % change in price
% change in quantity = {(Q 2 − Q1 ) / [(Q2 + Q1)/2]} x 100 = {(200 − 300 ) / [(200 + 300)/2]} x 100 = -100 / 250 = -0.4% change in price = {(P2 − P1 ) / [(P2 + P1)/2]} x 100 = {(1 − 0.75 ) / [(1 + 0.75)/2]} x 100 = 0.286PED = -0.4 / 0.286 = -1.4 or |1.4| in absolute values
Use commercial bank and Federal Reserve Bank balance sheets to demonstrate the immediate effect of each of the following transactions on commercial bank reserves. Assume that the initial reserve ratio is 20 percent. Fill in the new balances in the column in the balance sheets that correspond with each of the following transactions. Consider each transaction separately, not cumulatively.
a. Federal Reserve Banks purchase $2 billion worth of securities from banks.
b. Commercial banks borrow $1 billion from Federal Reserve Banks at the discount rate.
c. The Fed reduces the reserve ratio from 20 percent to 19 percent.
Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers in the gray-shaded cells of both tables below.
Answer:
Following are the explanation of the given points:
Explanation:
In choice (a):
The Fed was expected to purchase securities worth $2 billion, in will consist of up to two billion dollars, which adds the vales $ 40 and $2s equal to $42 billion and it minimizes securities by two billion Dollars (60-2$=58 billion dollars). The reserves required for a demand of 200 billion dollars are $40 billion (= 20% of 200 billion dollars).
The excess assets are two billion dollars (= 42 billion dollars-40 billion dollars) as well as the financial system will add 10 billion dollars more (= 2 billion dollars x 5) to the supply of money (by lending money).
In choice (b):
The Financial banks are expected to borrow from the Fed $1 billion. In the financial institutions, it can now raise (by loaning money) its supply of cash by 5 billion dollars (= $1 billion * 5).
In choice (c):
The adjustment throughout the reserve ratio doesn't change the balance sheets itself. If either the reserve ratio is assumed reported having reduced from 20% to 19%, then assets required currently stand at $38 billion (= 19% of $200 billion (= 0.19 x 200 = $38 billion), with financial institutions still able to increase their capital (by loans) by $10.53 billion (= $2 billion (1/0.19)). Proof: $210.53 billion 19% is $40 billion.
Following are the attachment of the table:
Suppose Asarta Inc. is polluting yucko and they have been tasked with cleaning up some of their waste. The company decides to clean up Q tons of yucko—are they cleaning up enough?
Answer: The answer is No, because the MB > MC
Explanation:
They are not cleaning up enough because the MB>MC. Therefore, all other options which cut across - Yes, because the MC > MB,
No, because the MB > MC,
Yes, because the MB > MC and
No, because the MC > MB are wrong.
Some argue that the Federal Reserve lowering interest rates from mid-2000 to the end of 2002 greatly increased the money supply; however, opportunities to invest yielded paltry returns leading bankers to offer _____ in order to earn a higher return.
Answer: Subprime mortgage loans
Explanation: In other earn higher return, subprime mortgage loans provides bankers the opportunity to charge borrowers higher rates on loans offered. This is because subprime mortgage loans are usually offered to credit defaulters. That is, customers with low credit score due to inconsistencies in their credit repayment due to late payment and poor credit history. Due to poor credit score and low tendency to repay borrowed amount, hence posing a high risk of recouping their fund, such borrowers would find it difficult to qualify for conventional mortgage plans. Subprime mortgages offers a lifeline though but at higher rates.
A financial statement is a(n): Group of answer choices A. estimate of a firm's future income and expenses B. hybrid statement of cash flows C. itemized forecast of a company's income, expenses, and capital needs D. written report that quantitatively describes a firm's financial health
Answer:
D. written report that quantitatively describes a firm's financial health
Explanation:
A financial statement is a written report that quantitatively describes a firm's financial health.
Generally, the financial statements are the formally written records of the business and financial activities of a business entity or organization.
There are four (4) main types of financial statements and these are;
1. Balance sheet: it contains financial information about assets, liability, and equity.
2. Cash flow statement: it contains financial information about operating, financial and investing activities.
3. Income statement: it contains financial information about the income and expenses of an organization.
4. Statement of changes in equity: it contains financial information about profits or loss, dividends, etc.
Sandra Stone, Vice President of International Operations for Global Apparel Corporation, was working with her subordinate, Pete Thompson, to plan for his upcoming 18-month overseas assignment to the firm's new office in Rome. Based upon her experience with previous failed overseas assignments, she was taking steps to avoid another failure. Therefore, one of the key features of Sandra's plan for Pete was to
Answer: develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment.
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
A. develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment.
B. limit communication to every-other-month status phone calls so as to not micromanage Pete.
C. save costs by avoiding a "look-see" trip for Pete and his family, given Pete's enthusiasm.
D. develop performance measures after Pete had completed his first year.
E. develop the assignment "on the fly" given the uncertainties involved.
From the question, we are informed that Sandra Stone, Vice President of International Operations for Global Apparel Corporation, was working with her subordinate, Pete Thompson, to plan for his upcoming 18-month overseas assignment to the firm's new office in Rome.
We are further told that based upon her experience with previous failed overseas assignments, she was taking steps to avoid another failure. Therefore, one of the key features of Sandra's plan for Pete was to develop a reentry plan for Pete prior to the completion of the overseas assignment. This will help to prevent another failed overseas assignment.
At the intersection of the short-run aggregate supply curve, the aggregate demand curve, and the long-run aggregate supply curve, the economy is in: Multiple Choice a long-run equilibrium but not a short-run equilibrium. both a short-run and long-run equilibrium. a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium. neither a short-run nor long-run equilibrium.
Answer:
a short-run equilibrium but not a long-run equilibrium.
Explanation:
The long run aggregate supply and aggregate demand when intersect they determine the economy level of equilibrium. This will determine real level of GDP and prices in the long run. The short run supply curve is upward sloping. It determines the quantity of the output that will be produced at each level of price in the short run.
Tulip Corporation purchased equipment for $58,000 on January 1, 2017. On December 31, 2019, the equipment was sold for $24,000. Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2019 was $33,000. Calculate gain or loss on the sale.
Answer:
question is not clear please send clear question
Equilibrium price is $8 in a perfectly competitive market. For a perfectly competitive firm, MR = MC at 150 units of output. At 150 units, ATC is $11, and AVC is $10. The best policy for this firm is to __________ in the short run. Also, total fixed cost equals __________ and total variable cost equals __________ for this firm.
Answer:
Shut down
$1650
$1500
Explanation:
A perfect competition is characterised by many buyers and sellers of homogeneous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.
In the long run, firms earn zero economic profit. If in the short run firms are earning economic profit, in the long run firms would enter into the industry. This would drive economic profit to zero.
Also, if in the short run, firms are earning economic loss, in the long run, firms would exit the industry until economic profit falls to zero.
in the shut run, a perfect competition should shut down if average variable cost is greater than price. this is the case for this firm $10 is greater than $8.
total fixed cost = average fixed cost x quantity produced = $11 x 150 = $1650
Total variable cost = average variable cost x quantity produced = $10 x 150 = $1500
According to Michael Porter, businesses can compete successfully by doing which of the following? A. being the cheapest producer B. making unique products valued by consumers C. applying their expertise in a narrow market segment to meet that segment’s particular product or service needs D. any of these
Answer:
D. any of these
Explanation:
Competitive strategy means intentionally selecting a distinct set of tasks to produce a compelling value proposition. Michael Porter focused on the topic of international competition. He consulted international governments on their economic strategies and led the U.S. Presidential Commission. Porter's strategies explain how a business upholds competitive advantages across the whole concerned market context.
Cindy's Ceramics engaged in a like-kind exchange that resulted in a $3,000 gain. In addition to the like-kind property received in the transaction, Cindy also received $5,000 cash. Cindy will have to recognize $
Answer:
$3,000
Explanation:
Data provided in the question
Gain received while exchanged = $3,000
Received cash = $5,000
Based on the above information, the Cindy recognize the gain i.e $3,000 which is received while exchanged it
Therefore in the given case, the Cindy have to recognize the gain for $3,000
The cash amount received should be ignored
According to the dividend growth model, an increase in which of the following will increase the current value of a stock all other things equal? I. dividend amount II. discount rate III. dividend growth rate
Answer: (1.) Dividend amount (111.) Dividend growth rate
Explanation:
The divided growth model is defined by the relation:
Po = D1 / (r - g)
Where Po = current price of stock
r = discount rate and g = growth rate of the stock
D1 = Next year's Dividend
From the Gordon model; The price of stock is directly proportional to the Dividend amount, therefore, an increase in Dividend amount will result in current value of stock and vice versa.
Since the current value of stock increases as Dividend amount increases, therefore an increase in the growth rate of the Dividend will also favor increase in the current value of stock.
Based on the dividend growth model, when the following are increased, the value of the stock would increase:
I. dividend amount III. dividend growth rateThe dividend growth model is calculated as:
Value of stock = Dividend / ( Discount rate - Growth rate)
For the value of stock to be high, the numerator will have to increase or the denominator will have to decrease.
Increasing the dividend would increase the numerator and increasing the growth rate would decrease the denominator, both of which would increase stock value.
In conclusion, increasing dividend amount and growth rate will increase the value of stock.
Find out more at https://brainly.com/question/14299565.
An internal control system consists of all policies and procedures used to protect assets, ensure reliable accounting, promote efficient operations, and urge adherence to company policies. Evaluate each of the following statements and indicate which are true and which are false regarding the objectives of an internal control system.
1. Separation of recordkeeping for assets from the custody over assets is intended to reduce theft and fraud.
2. The primary objective of internal control procedures is to safeguard the business against theft from government agencies.
3. The main objective of internal control procedures is best accomplished by designing an operational system with managerial policies that protect the assets from waste, fraud, and theft.
4. Separating the responsibility for a transaction between two or more individuals or departments will not help prevent someone from creating a fictitious invoice and paying the money to herself or himself.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. True
Separation of record keeping for assets from custody over assets in custody over assets reduces theft and fraud . except in a case of collusion.
Fraud and theft of assets can be easily perpetrated and covered up when an individual combines the role.
2. False
Internal control focuses more on the internal operation of an organization rather than the external. Even though it can still be of impact in checking the excesses of external parties like the government agencies , but that is not its primary objective
3.True
Internal control's main objectives can be best accomplished when there is an operational system with managerial policies that protect waste , fraud and theft , being the major factors targeted to control
4.False
Separating the responsibility for a transaction between two or more individuals or departments is a major way of preventing creation of fictitious invoices and payment as it could have easily be detected if different individuals are involved in approval and payment of invoices.
calculate revenue and capital expenditure
a) purchase of machinery 6500
Answer with its Explanation:
I was unable to find the question, but I think that I can help you understand the difference between the revenue expenditure and the capital expenditure.
Capital Expenditure:
Capital expenditure is the purchase of an asset whose value will last more than a year or expenditure incurred to increase the life of the asset above the initial life or expenditure to increase the productivity of the asset above productivity of the asset when it was purchased.
Examples include the purchase of van. It has life of more than a year hence it must be capitalized. Likewise if we install security system in it then this expenditure will qualify for capital expenditure as it adds additional feature to the asset.
a. The purchase of Machinery of $6,500 is capital expenditure as it has life more than a year.
Revenue Expenditure
The revenue expenditure is the purchase of product or services whose benefits will last within a year or are expenditure on the fixed asset to keep it running. Examples are, ballpoints which is a product that has life< one year. So it must be expensed out at the spot. Likewise the entertainment expenditures of $50 which includes the purchase of pizza and other items for guests, also has less than one year life. Hence these entertainment expenditures must also be expensed out.
Depreciation is a special case here, it is the decrease in the value of Non Current Asset. Hence the decrease in the value of the Non Current Asset must be reduced to its fair value. Depreciation is an utilization of the Non Current Asset's value in the form of benefits drawn from it and it can be measured as decrease in the asset's value. However, sometimes it is difficult to find the fair value of the asset in the market. To resolve this issue, we use depreciation formula to estimate the decrease in the value of the asset.