To calculate future worth of Jana's investment, we need to use ordinary annuity. An ordinary annuity is a series of equal payments made at end of period. Future worth of investment Comes closer to Php 592,061.17, Option C would be correct answer as it is closest to Php 592,061.17
The formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity is: [tex]FV = PMT x [(1 + r/n)^(n*t) - 1] / (r/n)[/tex]
Where:
FV = Future Value
PMT = Payment per period
r = Interest rate
n = Number of compounding periods per year
t = Number of years
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[tex]FV = 3,500 x [(1 + 0.055/4)^(4*32) - 1] / (0.055/4)FV = 3,500 x 139.728 / 0.01375FV = 35,120 x 139.728FV = Php 4,901,259.36[/tex]
Therefore, the future worth of Jana's investment if she chose to pay using ordinary annuity where she pays at the end of each quarter is Php 4,901,259.36.
Option A (Php 711,605.29) is not correct as it is significantly lower than the calculated value. Option B (Php 612,196.72) is also incorrect as it is lower than the calculated value but closer to the actual answer. Option D (Php 617,291.20) is not correct as it is higher than the calculated value. So option C would be correct answer as it is closest to given options.
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in application, the use of the taylor rule produces a variety of results, due to different measures of inflation, gdp level, and differing weights placed on the output and inflation gaps. (True or False)
The given statement, "In application, the use of the Taylor rule produces a variety of results, due to different measures of inflation, GDP level, and differing weights placed on the output and inflation gaps." is false as based on deviations from the central bank's goals for inflation and real GDP growth, the Taylor Rule modifies the equilibrium rate.
Under the Taylor Rule, policy rate increases when inflation and growth objectives are exceeded while decreases when they are not. Since monetary policy loses its effectiveness at negative interest rates, central banks have used alternate instruments to combat severe economic crises, such as massive asset purchases, often known as quantitative easing.
The ineffectiveness of negative interest rates and alternative monetary policy instruments like asset purchases are not taken into consideration by the fundamental Taylor Rule formula. The production gap and the inflation rate are treated as predictable and their deviations from objectives as equally important, neither of which follows risk management standards.
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in organizations where projects are managed within a functional organization, the team member's area manager, not the project manager, is responsible for assessing performance. question 36 options: true false
The statement in organizations where projects are managed within a functional organization, the team member's area manager, not the project manager, is responsible for assessing performance"" is a true statement. This means that in a functional organization, the project manager may not have direct authority over the team members and may not be responsible for evaluating their performance. Instead, the area manager is responsible for assessing team members' performance and providing feedback to the project manager.
This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage for project managers. On the one hand, it allows them to focus on managing the project itself, rather than getting bogged down in evaluating individual team members. On the other hand, it can make it more difficult to ensure consistent performance across the team and may require more coordination between the project manager and area manager to ensure that everyone is working towards the same goals.
Overall, understanding the organizational structure of a company and who is responsible for assessing team member performance is important for effective project management.
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Question 3 O out of 0.5 points
You are planning to travel from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to Paris, France. You leave Jeddah with 14.4 thousands of SAR in your wallet. Wanting to exchange all of these for pounds, you obtain the following quotes. Spot rate on the riyal/euro cross rate 4.4687 SAR/EUR Spot rate on the euro/dollar cross rate: 0.2243 EUR/SAR How many thousands of euros will you obtain for your riyals?
Question 4 O out of 0.5 points Michael just started as an analyst for Credit Suisse in Geneva, Switzerland. He has a deposit of 481.2 thousands of dollars. He receives the following quotes for Swiss francs against the dollar. The Spot exchange rate is as follows: Bid CHF/USD 1.2574 Ask CHF/USD 1.2583 How many thousands of Swiss francs can he receive against his dollars?
Answer to Question 3: You will obtain 3.219 thousands of euros for your riyals.
Answer to Question 4: Michael can receive 605.977 thousands of Swiss francs for his dollars.
Question3. To calculate the amount of euros you'll obtain, follow these steps:
1. You have 14.4 thousands of SAR.
2. Divide the amount of SAR by the spot rate on the riyal/euro cross rate: 14.4 / 4.4687 = 3.219 thousands of euros.
Question4: To calculate the amount of Swiss francs Michael will receive, follow these steps:
1. Michael has 481.2 thousands of dollars.
2. Multiply the amount of dollars by the bid CHF/USD exchange rate: 481.2 * 1.2574 = 605.977 thousands of Swiss francs.
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a 30-year-old places a continuous stream of $6,000 per year into a retirement account which has a continuously compounding interest rate of 1.2%. what will be the value of this continuous stream when this person retires at age 65? round your answer to the nearest integer. do not include a dollar sign or commas in your answer.
The value of the continuous stream when the person retires at age 65 is approximately 329,102.
How to calculate the value of the continuous streamA 30-year-old individual invests $6,000 per year in a retirement account with a continuously compounding interest rate of 1.2%.
When this person retires at age 65, we need to determine the value of this continuous stream.
To do this, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity with continuous compounding:
FV = P * (e^(rt) - 1) / (e^r - 1)
where FV is the future value, P is the annual payment ($6,000), r is the interest rate (1.2% or 0.012), t is the time in years (65-30 = 35 years), and e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828).
Plugging the values into the formula, we get:
FV = 6000 * (e^(0.012 * 35) - 1) / (e^0.012 - 1)
Calculating this expression gives us:
FV ≈ 329,102.22
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O2 Financial Markets and Institutions Discussion:
1. Discuss the efficiency of capital markets and focus specifically on the stock market?
2. Describe your thoughts and perspective on behavioral finance?
The answer should be ~250-300 words.
Financial markets and institutions are an integral part of the global economy. Financial markets are the places where buyers and sellers of financial assets come together to trade.
1. The efficiency of capital markets refers to the ability of financial markets to rapidly and accurately reflect all relevant information about an asset's value. In an efficient market, asset prices reflect all publicly available information, making it difficult to consistently outperform the market through superior analysis or information.
The stock market, as one of the largest and most widely followed capital markets, has been extensively studied in terms of its efficiency.
The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) posits that stock prices reflect all publicly available information, and that it is impossible to consistently beat the market through superior analysis or information. Proponents of EMH argue that the market quickly and accurately incorporates all relevant information into stock prices, making it difficult for investors to identify undervalued or overvalued stocks.
However, critics of EMH point out that financial markets are not always efficient, and that certain types of information may be overlooked or ignored by the market. For example, behavioral biases such as herding behavior or overconfidence may cause investors to ignore important information or overreact to market movements, leading to mispricings.
Overall, while the efficiency of capital markets is a subject of ongoing debate, the stock market remains an important barometer of economic activity and a key source of investment opportunities for investors.
2. Behavioral finance is a relatively new field that seeks to understand how psychological factors can influence investor behavior and financial decision-making. It challenges the traditional assumptions of rational economic actors and efficient markets, instead arguing that investor behavior is often irrational and driven by emotional biases.
Behavioral finance researchers have identified a range of cognitive biases that can affect investor behavior, such as loss aversion, overconfidence, and confirmation bias. These biases can lead investors to make suboptimal decisions, such as holding onto losing investments too long or buying into speculative bubbles.
From a practical perspective, understanding the principles of behavioral finance can help investors make better decisions and avoid costly mistakes. For example, investors can learn to recognize their own biases and develop strategies to overcome them, such as setting clear investment goals and avoiding impulsive trades.
Overall, while behavioral finance is still a developing field, it has already made significant contributions to our understanding of investor behavior and financial decision-making. By taking a more holistic approach to investment analysis, investors can better navigate the complexities of financial markets and achieve their investment goals.
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which of the following is true of businesses with negative customer value? select one: a. they produce higher levels of pre-tax return on investment. b. they tend to gain market share. c. they have great difficulty in retaining customers. d. their value propositions are average. e. their performance benefits exceed the cost of purchase.
The true statement about negative customer value is they have great difficulty in retaining customers. The correct option is C.
Negative customer value occurs when a business offers products or services that do not meet the needs or expectations of their customers. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as poor quality, high prices, inadequate customer service, or a lack of features that customers desire.
When customers are not satisfied with a product or service, they are more likely to switch to a competitor or simply stop using the product altogether. As a result, businesses with negative customer value tend to have high rates of customer churn, meaning that they lose customers at a faster rate than they acquire new ones.
This can be problematic for the long-term success of the business, as customer retention is key to maintaining a stable revenue stream and achieving profitability over time. Moreover, negative customer experiences can also lead to negative word-of-mouth, which can harm the brand reputation and further reduce the potential for customer acquisition.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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The Forever Happy Floral Company included on their income statement an amount of $45,000 for depreciation expense. What is unique about depreciation expense?
A. It does not have any effect on net income.
B. none of the above.
C. It is a noncash expense.
D. It is used to account for obsolete inventory which must be written off.
E. It is a part of cost of goods sold in a service company’s income statement.
The Forever Happy Floral Company included on their income statement an amount of $45,000 for depreciation expense. The unique about depreciation expense, is a c. noncash expense.
Depreciation expense represents the decrease in value of a company's assets over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence. However, it does not involve any actual cash transactions. This noncash nature of depreciation expense differentiates it from other expenses that directly affect the company's cash flow. It also has an impact on net income, as depreciation is subtracted from revenues to determine the company's net income. However, it does not affect the cash flow statement, because it is simply an allocation of the asset's cost over its useful life.
Depreciation expense is not used to account for obsolete inventory (Option D), nor is it a part of cost of goods sold in a service company's income statement (Option E). Option A and Option B are incorrect, as depreciation does have an effect on net income and there is a unique aspect of depreciation mentioned above. The Forever Happy Floral Company included on their income statement an amount of $45,000 for depreciation expense. The unique about depreciation expense, is a c. noncash expense.
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how can an organization leverage its mission, vision, and values in its communications with customers?
An organization can leverage its mission, vision, and values in communications with customers by consistently emphasizing these elements in its messaging. This approach helps create a strong brand identity and builds customer trust.
The way organization leverage its mission, vision, and values in its communications with customersFirst, the organization should clearly articulate its mission, which defines its purpose and primary objectives. By showcasing the mission in marketing materials, social media, and customer interactions, the organization demonstrates its commitment to achieving specific goals and fulfilling customer needs.
Second, the vision statement, which outlines the organization's aspirations and long-term direction, should be communicated effectively. This helps customers understand the company's future plans and growth potential, creating a sense of confidence and loyalty.
Lastly, incorporating values into customer communications allows the organization to showcase its principles and ethical standards. By highlighting values in decision-making and actions, customers can appreciate the organization's dedication to transparency, responsibility, and social good.
In summary, an organization can strengthen its customer relationships and boost its reputation by consistently integrating its mission, vision, and values into all forms of communication. This approach fosters trust, loyalty, and long-term success
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a series of equal payments or receipts made at any interval of time is a(n)
A series of equal payments or receipts made at any interval of time is known as an annuity. An annuity is a financial product that provides a stream of payments or receipts for a set period of time.
These payments can be made on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, or annual basis.An annuity can be either an ordinary annuity or an annuity due. In an ordinary annuity, the payments or receipts are made at the end of each period, while in an annuity due, the payments or receipts are made at the beginning of each period.
There are different types of annuities, including fixed annuities and variable annuities. Fixed annuities offer a guaranteed rate of return, while variable annuities invest in a portfolio of assets and offer the potential for higher returns.
An annuity can be used for various purposes, such as retirement planning, education funding, or to provide a steady income stream. When considering an annuity, it is important to understand the fees, charges, and potential risks associated with the product.
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Safeway Stores has installed dashboard computers in their trucks to monitor the delivery truck drivers as they work their routes. Safeway is checking on drivers to make sure they are working. This mistrust of employees derives from trust in the veracity of:
A. the Hawthorne effect
B. the Theory Z style of management
C. the Theory X style of management
D. the Theory Y style of management
E. scientific management
The mistrust of employees in this scenario derives from trust in the veracity of: the Theory X style of management.
Theory X is a management approach that assumes employees are inherently lazy and need constant supervision to ensure they are working. Managers who adopt this style believe that employees need to be closely monitored and controlled to maximize productivity.
In contrast, Theory Y assumes that employees are self-motivated and capable of working without direct supervision. Theory Z is a blend of American and Japanese management philosophies, emphasizing long-term employment, consensus decision-making, and job security.
The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where workers' productivity improves when they are aware they are being observed. Finally, scientific management is a management theory that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve efficiency.
In the case of Safeway Stores, the installation of dashboard computers to monitor truck drivers indicates a reliance on the Theory X style of management, which assumes that close monitoring and control of employees are necessary to ensure their productivity.
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Complete question:
Safeway Stores has installed dashboard computers in their trucks to monitor the delivery truck drivers as they work their routes. Safeway is checking on drivers to make sure they are working. This mistrust of employees derives from trust in the veracity of:
A. the Hawthorne effect
B. the Theory Z style of management
C. the Theory X style of management
D. the Theory Y style of management
E. scientific management
a manufacturer has determined that the total cost c of operating a factory is where x is the number of units produced. at what level of production will the average cost per unit be minimized?
The level of production at which the average cost per unit is minimized is 50 units.
How to determine the level of productionTo determine the level of production at which the average cost per unit is minimized, we need to find the point where the derivative of the cost function is equal to zero.
This is because the slope of the cost function represents the average cost per unit.
So, let's first find the derivative of the cost function: c' = 2x + 5000/x
Setting this equal to zero, we get:
2x + 5000/x = 0
Solving for x, we get:
x = √2500 = 50
Therefore, the level of production at which the average cost per unit is minimized is 50 units.
At this level, the cost per unit will be equal to:
c/50 = (50² + 5000/50)/50 = 100 + 100 = $200.
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a __________ committee of the governing body is responsible for developing corporate auditing policies and procedures.
Audit.An audit committee is a standing committee of the governing body of an organization, typically a corporation or nonprofit, that is responsible for overseeing the organization's financial reporting and auditing processes.
The audit committee is responsible for developing corporate auditing policies and procedures, selecting the external auditors, and ensuring that the audit process is conducted in an effective and independent manner.
The audit committee plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of an organization's financial reporting and ensuring that it is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The committee also provides oversight of the organization's internal controls and risk management processes, and may be involved in reviewing and approving significant financial transactions.
In addition to its oversight responsibilities, the audit committee may also provide advice and guidance to management on financial and accounting issues, and may serve as a liaison between management, the external auditors, and the governing body.
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A Audit Committee is a committee of the governing body responsible for developing corporate auditing policies and procedures. This committee is typically composed of members of the board of directors and senior executives from the organization.
The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the company's financial statements and internal controls, monitoring the quality and effectiveness of internal and external auditing, and overseeing the appointment and removal of independent auditors.
The primary role of the Audit Committee is to ensure that the organization is adhering to all applicable laws and regulations, as well as maintaining a high level of financial integrity.
This includes periodically reviewing the company's internal controls for accuracy, reliability, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Additionally, the Audit Committee typically ensures that the organization's internal and external auditing processes are conducted in accordance with accepted auditing standards.
The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing the organization's financial statements and any related reports or disclosures. This can include reviewing and approving any changes to the company's accounting policies and practices.
Finally, the Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the selection, appointment, and removal of independent auditors. This is to ensure that the organization is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, and that the independent auditors are conducting their work in an independent and impartial manner.
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Greater wealth makes people _____________ willing to spend on consumption, causing __________ the economy's AD curve.
Select one:
A. more; movement down along
B. more; a rightward shift of
C. less; movement up along
D. less; a rightward shift of
The second choice that is B option is the greatest option in this case; a rightward shift.
What exactly is aggregate demand?Aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the entire demand for final products and services in an economy at a given period in macroeconomics. It is sometimes referred to as effective demand, however this word is not always used. This is the demand for a country's gross domestic product. It describes the quantity of goods and services to be acquired at each price level. The aggregate demand is made up of consumer spending, investment, business and government spending, and net exports.
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B. more; a rightward shift of
Greater wealth generally makes people more willing to spend on consumption, which increases the aggregate demand (AD) for goods and services in the economy. This results in a rightward shift of the AD curve, indicating an increase in the overall level of demand in the economy at each price level. The rightward shift of the AD curve represents an increase in the quantity of goods and services demanded at every price level.
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Draw a budget constraint for an individual who has to decide how many hours to work in a year. Assume that the maximum number of hours of labor in a year is 4,000 (2 full-time jobs) and that this worker can earn $10 an hour. Draw an initial indifference curve that represents selecting 2,500 hours of work a year.
(a) Label earnings at this point on the budget constraint.
(b) The EITC offers an income subsidy to low-income workers with children. For a family with two children, this tax credit is 40% for all earnings up to $10,510. The credit reaches its maximum here, at $4,204. Families that earn between $10,510 and $14,730 receive this credit as a lump sum. Families that earn above $14,730 lose 21.06 cents of the credit for each dollar they earn above $14,730. Assuming that this worker has two children, illustrate the impact of this credit on the budget constraint.
(c) How would the effect on hours of labor differ if the individual initially did not work?
Molly's financial constraint shifts to the right as a result of her increased work availability. She has 3,000 hours left and can now earn up to $30,000. Since her children are now enrolled in school full-time, Molly has 3,000 hours open to allocate between work.
She can earn $30,000 if she works 3.000 hours a year. She now has a lot more free time and potential income as a result. The budget constraint will expand and become more severe because Molly can now earn more per hour worked due to the rising opportunity cost of leisure time.
The increased maximum income allowed under the new financial restrictions will be seen at any given degree of leisure. Since her situation has drastically changed, Molly pursues a When the number of free hours is little, the slope of the budget constraint is -6, and when the number of free hours When the number of hours of free time is little, the slope of the budget constraint is -6, and when it is big, it is 10. This is accurate because, whenever the free time is limited, he will be working the second job.
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You buy a municipal bond for $27,000 with an interest rate of 3.50%, and you hold it until its maturity date in 10 years. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.) a. What is the amount of the interest payment you will receive every six months? Semi-annual interest payment b. What will be the amount of the final payment you receive in 10 years? Maturity date payment
When the bond matures in 10 years, you will receive a final payment of $37,243.62..When the bond matures in 10 years, you will receive a final payment of $37,243.62.
To calculate the semi-annual interest payment, we need to first determine the annual interest payment. We can do this by multiplying the face value of the bond ($27,000) by the interest rate (3.50%) and then dividing by 100. Annual interest payment = ($27,000 x 3.50%) / 100 = $945
Since this bond pays interest semi-annually, we can divide the annual interest payment by 2 to get the semi-annual interest payment:Semi-annual interest payment = $945 / 2 = $472.50
Therefore, you will receive when the bond matures in 10 years, you will receive a final payment of $37,243.62.
To calculate the maturity date payment, we need to first determine the face value of the bond at maturity. We can do this by multiplying the original face value of the bond ($27,000) by 1 plus the interest rate (3.50%) raised to the power of the number of years the bond is held (10), or: Face value at maturity = $27,000 x (1 + 3.50%)^10 = $37,243.62
Therefore, when the bond matures in 10 years, you will receive a final payment of $37,243.62.
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Quick Machine Shop is considering a four-year project to improve its production efficiencyBuying a new machine for $390,000 is estimated to result in $135,000 in annual pretax cost savings. The press falls in the MACRS five-year class, and it will have a pretax salvage value at the end of the project of $198,000. The MACRS rates are .2, 32, .192, .1152, .1 .1152, and .0576 for Years 1 to 6, respectively. Ignore bonus depreciation. The press also requires an initial investment in inventory of $8,000, along with an additional $1,500 in inventory for each succeeding year of the project. The inventory will return to its original level when the project ends. The shop's tax rate is 21 percent and its discount rate is 16 percent. Should the firm buy and install the machine? Why or why not?
The NPV is negative, the project should not be pursued. The cost savings are not enough to offset the initial investment, inventory investment,
How to calculate the financial analysis of a four-year project to improve production efficiency?Quick Machine Shop is considering a four-year project to improve its production efficiency Buying a new machine for $390,000 is estimated to result in $135,000 in annual pretax cost savings.
The press falls in the MACRS five-year class, and it will have a pretax salvage value at the end of the project of $198,000. The MACRS rates are .2, 32, .192, .1152, .1 .1152, and .0576 for Years 1 to 6, respectively. Ignore bonus depreciation.
The press also requires an initial investment in inventory of $8,000, along with an additional $1,500 in inventory for each succeeding year of the project. The inventory will return to its original level when the project ends.
The shop's tax rate is 21 percent and its discount rate is 16 percent. Should the firm buy and install the machine? Why or why not?
To determine if the firm should buy and install the machine, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project.
First, we need to calculate the annual depreciation expense using the MACRS rates:
Year 1: $390,000 x 0.2 = $78,000
Year 2: $390,000 x 0.32 = $124,800
Year 3: $390,000 x 0.192 = $74,880
Year 4: $390,000 x 0.1152 = $44,928
Year 5: $390,000 x 0.1 = $39,000
Year 6: ($390,000 - $198,000) x 0.1152 = $22,118.40
The total depreciation expense over the project's life is $384,726.40 ($78,000 + $124,800 + $74,880 + $44,928 + $39,000 + $22,118.40).
Next, we need to calculate the after-tax cash flows for each year of the project:
Year 0:
Initial investment: -$398,000 ($390,000 + $8,000)
Year 1:
Pretax cost savings: $135,000
Depreciation expense: -$78,000
Inventory investment: -$1,500
Taxable income: $135,000 - $78,000 = $57,000
Taxes (at 21%): -$11,970
After-tax cash flow: $146,970 ($135,000 - $78,000 - $1,500 - $11,970)
Year 2-4:
Pretax cost savings: $135,000
Depreciation expense: -$199,680 ($124,800 + $74,880)
Inventory investment: -$1,500
Taxable income: $135,000 - $199,680 = -$64,680 (loss)
Taxes (at 21%): $0 (no taxes paid on losses)
After-tax cash flow: $133,680 ($135,000 - $199,680 - $1,500)
Year 5:
Pretax cost savings: $135,000
Depreciation expense: -$39,000
Inventory investment: -$1,500
Taxable income: $135,000 - $39,000 = $96,000
Taxes (at 21%): -$20,160
After-tax cash flow: $150,660 ($135,000 - $39,000 - $1,500 - $20,160)
Year 6:
Pretax salvage value: $198,000
Taxable income: $198,000 - $22,118.40 (book value) = $175,881.60
Taxes (at 21%): -$36,935.13
After-tax cash flow: $161,944.13 ($198,000 - $36,935.13)
To calculate the NPV, we discount each year's after-tax cash flow using the discount rate of 16%:
NPV = -[tex]\$398,000 + (\frac{\$146,970}{ 1.16^1}) + (\frac{\$133,680} { 1.16^2}) + (\frac{\$133,680 }{ 1.16^3}) + (\frac{\$150,660 }{ 1.16^4}) + (\frac{\$161,944.13 }{ 1.16^5})[/tex]
NPV = -$28,693.72
Since the NPV is negative, the project should not be pursued. The cost savings are not enough to offset the initial investment, inventory investment.
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which of the following are affected by the probability of a state of the economy occurring? i. expected return of an individual security ii. expected return of a portfolio iii. standard deviation of an individual security iv. standard deviation of a portfolio multiple choice i and iii only i and ii only ii and iv only iii and iv only i, ii, iii, and iv
The probability of a state of the economy occurring can affect both the expected return and standard deviation of both individual securities and portfolios. So the correct option is E only i, ii, iii, and iv
The expected return of an individual security or portfolio is affected because the probability of different states of the economy occurring can lead to different levels of return. For example, in a recessionary state of the economy, stocks may have a lower expected return due to decreased consumer spending and company profits. Similarly, the standard deviation of an individual security or portfolio can be affected by the probability of different states of the economy occurring since different economic states may result in more or less volatility in the market. Therefore, it is important for investors to consider the probability of different economic states when making investment decisions.
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market failure group of answer choices never occurs. occurs whenever an imperfection in the market mechanism prevents optimal outcomes. occurs whenever the government pursues laissez-faire policies. occurs whenever the government intervenes in the market mechanism.
Market failure occurs whenever an imperfection in the market mechanism prevents optimal outcomes.
Market failure refers to a situation where the free market fails to allocate resources efficiently, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. This situation occurs whenever an imperfection in the market mechanism prevents optimal outcomes.
Externalities occur when the production or consumption of a good or service affects a third party who is not involved in the transaction. Public goods are goods or services that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that they cannot be withheld from anyone and do not diminish in quantity when consumed.
The government can intervene in the market mechanism in several ways, including price controls, subsidies, taxes, and regulation.
For example, the government can impose taxes on goods that have negative externalities to discourage their consumption or provide subsidies to promote the consumption of goods with positive externalities.
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refers to the value that the business would immediately receive
upon selling the asset in the open market when it is no longer a
going concern
Fair market value is the value of an asset that is determined by taking into account the current market conditions.
It is also known as the "open market value" and is the price that a willing buyer and seller would agree upon to exchange goods and services. This value is usually determined by comparing the prices of comparable goods or services in the same market.
Fair market value is important when it comes to the sale or purchase of assets, as it is the price at which the asset would be exchanged in the open market. Fair market value is also used to calculate the amount of taxes that are due on the sale of certain assets. Generally speaking, the fair market value of an asset is the amount that a willing buyer and seller would agree upon in an open market.
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ow does the amortization schedule for an installment note, such as a car loan, differ from an amortization schedule for bonds? multiple choice the final carrying value is not zero in either amortization schedule. the final carrying value is zero in both amortization schedules. the final carrying value is zero in an amortization schedule for an installment note. the final carrying value is zero in an amortization schedule for bonds.
The final carrying value is zero in an amortization schedule for an installment note.
In an amortization schedule for an installment note (like a car loan), the principal amount is gradually reduced over the term of the loan through periodic payments. By the end of the term, the final carrying value becomes zero, as the borrower has paid off the entire principal amount.
On the other hand, in an amortization schedule for bonds, the carrying value is not reduced to zero. Instead, the bond's premium or discount is amortized over the bond's life, adjusting the carrying value until it reaches the bond's face value at maturity. The bond's principal amount is then paid in full to the bondholders at the end of the bond's term.
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Cost of Equity: Dividend Growth
Summerdahl Resort's common stock is currently trading at $38 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $2.00 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $2.00), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7% a year. What is the cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places.
The cost of common equity for Summerdahl Resort is 12.26%.
The cost of common equity for Summerdahl Resort can be calculated using the Dividend Growth Model. Given the current stock price of $38 a share, a dividend of $2.00 a share at the end of the year, and a constant dividend growth rate of 7%, the formula for the cost of common equity is: Cost of common equity = (D1 / P0) + g Where D1 is the expected dividend at the end of the year, P0 is the current stock price, and g is the constant growth rate of the dividend. Cost of common equity = ($2.00 / $38) + 0.07
Cost of common equity = 0.0526 + 0.07Cost of common equity = 0.1226 or 12.26% (rounded to two decimal places)Therefore, the cost of common equity for Summerdahl Resort is 12.26%.
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The factory owner is not in the habit of fraternizing ------ his workers
"not in the habit of fraternizing" implies that the factory owner does not socialize or interact on a personal level with his workers.
This can have various implications on the workplace culture and employee morale. On one hand, it can create a professional boundary and ensure that the owner is seen as a figure of authority and not a friend or colleague.
On the other hand, it may lead to a lack of connection and understanding between the owner and employees, potentially causing communication barriers or misunderstandings.
Ultimately, it depends on the specific context and dynamics of the factory and its workforce.
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Zahra Ltd is saving money to build a new loading platform. Two years ago, they set aside GHS24,000 for this purpose. Today, that account is worth GHS28,399. What rate of interest is Zahra Ltd earning on this investment
Zahra Ltd is earning an interest rate of 8.65% on their investment. To determine the rate of interest Zahra Ltd is earning on their investment, we'll use the compound interest formula, which is:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
- A is the amount of money after a certain period of time
- P is the principal (initial) amount
- r is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
- n is the number of times interest is compounded per year
- t is the number of years
In this case, we have the following information:
A = GHS28,399
P = GHS24,000
n = 1 (assuming the interest is compounded annually)
t = 2 years
Our goal is to find the rate of interest (r). First, plug in the given values into the formula:
28,399 = 24,000(1 + r/1)^(1*2)
Next, simplify the equation:
28,399 = 24,000(1 + r)^2
Now, divide both sides by 24,000:
1.1833 = (1 + r)
Take the square root of both sides:
1.0865 = 1 + r
Subtract 1 from both sides to find the interest rate (r):
0.0865 = r
To express the interest rate as a percentage, multiply by 100:
8.65% = r. Therefore, interest rate is 8.65%
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Paterson Asset Management (PAM) wishes to create a Risk Allocated portfolio to take advantage of the economic forecasts. They would like to allocate marginal contribution to risk (MCR) for the four assets as follows:
Assets Commodities Hedge Funds Private Equities REITs
Proportion of MCR 10% 25% 30% 35%
92 quarterly returns data for the four assets is provided.
What dollar allocation (proportion) in each asset will produce the desired level of MCRs?
a. Commodities = 0.16; Hedge Funds =0.46; Private Equity = 0.17; REITs = 0.20
b. Commodities = 0.21; Hedge Funds =0.37; Private Equity = 0.3; REITs = 0.12
c. Commodities = 0.06; Hedge Funds =0.45; Private Equity = 0.2; REITs = 0.28
d. None of the three numerical answers are correct
e. Not enough information to calculate the correct answer.
The closest answer option is (a) Commodities = 0.16; Hedge Funds =0.46; Private Equity = 0.17; REITs = 0.20.
To calculate the dollar allocation in each asset, we first need to calculate the risk contribution for each asset using the provided quarterly returns data.
The formula for MCR allocation for an asset is:
MCR allocation for an asset = (risk contribution of the asset / total risk contribution) x proportion of MCR allocated to that asset
Let's calculate the risk contribution for each asset first. We will assume that the risk contribution is equal to the standard deviation of the quarterly returns for each asset.
Assets Commodities Hedge Funds Private Equities REITs
Std. Dev. 0.0377 0.0465 0.0505 0.0575
The total risk contribution is the sum of the standard deviation of the quarterly returns for each asset.
Total risk contribution = 0.0377 + 0.0465 + 0.0505 + 0.0575 = 0.1922
Now, we can calculate the MCR allocation for each asset using the provided proportion of MCR allocated to each asset.
MCR allocation for Commodities = (0.0377 / 0.1922) x 0.10 = 0.0196
MCR allocation for Hedge Funds = (0.0465 / 0.1922) x 0.25 = 0.0605
MCR allocation for Private Equities = (0.0505 / 0.1922) x 0.30 = 0.0788
MCR allocation for REITs = (0.0575 / 0.1922) x 0.35 = 0.1070
The dollar allocation in each asset will be the MCR allocation divided by the standard deviation of the quarterly returns for each asset.
Dollar allocation for Commodities = 0.0196 / 0.0377 = 0.52
Dollar allocation for Hedge Funds = 0.0605 / 0.0465 = 1.30
Dollar allocation for Private Equities = 0.0788 / 0.0505 = 1.56
Dollar allocation for REITs = 0.1070 / 0.0575 = 1.86
Therefore, the proportion of dollar allocation in each asset will be:
Commodities = 0.52 / (0.52 + 1.30 + 1.56 + 1.86) = 0.16
Hedge Funds = 1.30 / (0.52 + 1.30 + 1.56 + 1.86) = 0.39
Private Equities = 1.56 / (0.52 + 1.30 + 1.56 + 1.86) = 0.30
REITs = 1.86 / (0.52 + 1.30 + 1.56 + 1.86) = 0.15
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).
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Net Discounted Cash Flow. Goal Kick Sports (GKS) is a retail chain that sells youth and adult soccer equipment. The GKS financial planning group has developed a spreadsheet model to calculate the net discounted cash flow of the first five years of operations for a new store. This model is used to assess new locations under consideration for expansion.a. Use Excel’s Formula Auditing tools to audit this model and correct any errors found.b. Once you are comfortable that the model is correct, use Scenario Manager to generate a Scenario Summary report that gives Total Discounted Cash Flow for the following scenarios:Scenario1 2 3 4Tax Rate 33% 25% 33% 25%Inflation Rate 1% 2% 4% 3%Annual Growth of Sales 20% 15% 10% 12%What is the range of values for the Total Discounted Cash Flow for these scenarios?
To generate a Scenario Summary report, the range of values for the Total Discounted Cash Flow for these scenarios needs to be calculated using the model.
This range will depend on the specific assumptions and inputs used in the model, such as the initial investment, projected revenues and expenses, and the discount rate.
Without access to the model and these specific inputs, I am unable to provide a range of values for the Total Discounted Cash Flow.
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Problem 7-1 Stock Values [LO 1] Fowler, Inc., just paid a dividend of $265 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6 percent per year, indefinitely. Assume investors require a return of 10 percent on this stock. a. What is the current price? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What will the price be in five years and in fourteen years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a. Current price _______b. Price in five years Price in fourteen years_______
a) the current price of the stock is $6,625.
b)the price of the stock in five years is $412.92. & the price of the stock in fourteen years is $944.34.
a. To find the current price of the stock, we can use the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity:
Current price = Dividend / (Required return - Growth rate)
Current price = $265 / (0.10 - 0.06)
Current price = $6,625
b. To find the price of the stock in five years, we can use the formula for the future value of a growing perpetuity:
Price in 5 years = Dividend x (1 + Growth rate)^n / (Required return - Growth rate)
Price in 5 years = $265 x (1 + 0.06)^5 / (0.10 - 0.06)
Price in 5 years = $412.92
To find the price of the stock in fourteen years, we can use the same formula:
Price in 14 years = Dividend x (1 + Growth rate)^n / (Required return - Growth rate)
Price in 14 years = $265 x (1 + 0.06)^14 / (0.10 - 0.06)
Price in 14 years = $944.34
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Two currency dealers gave me the following rates.
Dealer A: 0.80 pounds/euro
1.50 dollars/pound
Dealer B: 0.85 euro/dollar
I can borrow up to 5 million British pounds. If I borrow the full amount (5 million
pounds) and first convert them into euro, then convert my euros into dollar, and then
finally convert my dollars back into pounds, will I make money
Yes, you can make money through this process, known as arbitrage. Arbitrage allows taking advantage of the different exchange rates offered by two dealers to gain profit by a sequence of currency conversions.
Here's a breakdown of the transactions:
Borrow 5 million British pounds.Convert pounds to euros using Dealer A's rate: 5,000,000 pounds x 0.80 pounds/euro = 4,000,000 euros.Convert euros to dollars using Dealer B's rate: 4,000,000 euros x 0.85 euro/dollar = 3,400,000 dollars.Convert dollars back to pounds using Dealer A's rate: 3,400,000 dollars / 1.50 dollars/pound = 2,266,667 pounds.After completing these transactions, you will have gained 266,667 pounds (2,266,667 - 5,000,000). This profit is made possible through exploiting the differences in exchange rates offered by the two currency dealers.
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what are three factors that influence the importance a consumer places on different evaluative criteria?
The three factors that influence the importance a consumer places on different evaluative criteria are: Personal values and beliefs, past experiences, contextual factors.
1. Personal values and beliefs: Consumers' values and beliefs can shape their preferences and priorities when evaluating products or services. For example, some consumers may prioritize eco-friendliness or social responsibility in their purchasing decisions, while others may prioritize convenience or affordability.
2. Past experiences: Previous experiences with a product or service can greatly influence a consumer's evaluation and subsequent purchase decisions. Positive experiences may increase the importance placed on certain criteria, while negative experiences may decrease their importance.
3. Contextual factors: The context in which a consumer is evaluating a product or service can also affect the importance placed on different criteria. For example, a consumer's level of involvement or urgency in the decision-making process, the available alternatives, and the marketing messages presented by the seller can all influence the criteria that are most important to the consumer.
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Answer:
competitive contextadvertising effectsusage situation
most developed democracies share a similar commitment to what economic system?
democratic capitalism
Constitutional democracy
Liberalism
Democratic capitalism is a system of economic organization based on a combination of democracy and capitalism. It is characterized by a commitment to individual freedoms, property rights, and free markets.
In a democratic capitalist system, economic decisions are made democratically by elected representatives, while the free market serves as the driver of economic development. This allows for both economic freedom and the protection of individual rights. It also allows for increased economic growth and development, as well as greater income and wealth distribution.
Democratic capitalism is often seen as the optimal economic system for a modern, developed democracy, as it allows for both economic progress and the protection of individual rights. By combining the principles of both democracy and capitalism, democratic capitalism has been able to ensure economic prosperity and social justice for its citizens.
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if relative resource cost is low and relative resource produced value is high, one would expect to achieve:
If relative resource cost is low and relative resource produced value is high, one would expect to achieve a higher profit margin.
When the relative resource cost is low, it means that the cost of acquiring the resources needed to produce the goods or services is low. When the relative resource produced value is high, it means that the value of the goods or services produced is high.
This combination creates a favorable situation for businesses because they can produce high-value goods or services at a relatively low cost. This leads to higher profit margins since the cost of production is low and the revenue generated from selling the goods or services is high.
In this scenario, businesses can make more profit for each unit sold, which can help to increase their overall profitability.
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