Transferring products at market prices typically leads to optimal decisions, the market for the intermediate product is perfectly competitive, interdependencies of the subunits are minimal, there are no additional costs or benefits to the company in buying or selling. Correct answer is option D
In a perfectly competitive market numerous buyers and sellers interact to determine the market price for a product or service. These market participants act independently and rationally, leading to an efficient allocation of resources. Thus, decisions made based on market prices in a perfectly competitive market are likely to be optimal, as they reflect the true value of the goods or services exchanged.
Minimal interdependencies among subunits imply that decisions made by one subunit will not significantly impact the performance or costs of other subunits. In such a scenario, subunits can make independent and informed decisions based on market prices, leading to optimal outcomes for the company as a whole
Lastly, the absence of additional costs or benefits when buying or selling in the external market ensures that the company does not face any hidden or unaccounted costs, which might otherwise distort their decision-making process. By relying solely on market prices for transferring products or services, the company is better positioned to make optimal decisions that maximize overall efficiency and profitability. Correct answer is option D
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FIN Corp. has determined that its before-tax cost of debt is 9.0%. Its cost of preferred stock is 12.0%. Its cost of internal equity is 15.0%, and its cost of external equity is 19.0%. Currently, the firm's capital structure has $400 million of debt, $ 100 million of preferred stock, and $500 million of common equity. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40%. The managers have determined that the firm should have $80 million available from retained earnings for investment purposes next period. What is the firm's marginal cost of capital (WACC) at a total investment level of $200 million? (Break Even - retained earnings/% of equity) a. 11.29% b. 14.20% c. 13.58% d. 10.64% e. 12.86%
The firm's marginal cost of capital (WACC) is 12.86% (option e).
How to calculate the firm's marginal cost of capital (WACC)To calculate the firm's marginal cost of capital (WACC), we need to first find the after-tax cost of debt, then calculate the weighted average costs for each component, and finally combine them.
After-tax cost of debt = Before-tax cost of debt * (1 - Marginal tax rate) = 9.0% * (1 - 0.40) = 5.4%
Weighted average costs:
Debt: ($400 million / $1 billion) * 5.4% = 2.16%
Preferred Stock:
($100 million / $1 billion) * 12.0% = 1.2%
Now, we need to determine the weighted cost of equity. Since the total investment is $200 million and the firm has $80 million in retained earnings, the remaining $120 million comes from external equity.
Weighted cost of internal equity:
Retained Earnings: ($80 million / $200 million) * 15.0% = 6.0%
Weighted cost of external equity:
External Equity: ($120 million / $200 million) * 19.0% = 11.4%
Combined weighted cost of equity: 6.0% + 11.4% = 17.4%
Weighted average cost of equity for the firm:
($500 million / $1 billion) * 17.4% = 8.7%
Finally, calculate the WACC by combining the weighted average costs of debt, preferred stock, and equity:
WACC = 2.16% + 1.2% + 8.7% = 12.06%
The closest answer to the calculated WACC is 12.86% (option e).
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The marginal cost of capital (WACC) for FIN Corp. at a total investment level of $200 million given its capital structure and cost of capital for each componentis (c) 13.58%.
What is the marginal cost of capital (WACC) for FIN Corp?
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a crucial financial metric that measures the cost of financing a company's investments, where each financing source is weighted by its respective proportion in the company's capital structure.
To calculate the WACC of FIN Corp., we first determine the after-tax cost of each financing source.
The after-tax cost of debt is 5.4% (9%(1-40%)), and the after-tax cost of preferred stock is 7.2% (12%(1-40%)). The after-tax cost of internal and external equity is not affected by taxes.
We then calculate the weights of each financing source by dividing the market value of each source by the total market value of the company's capital structure.
Finally, we multiply each financing source's weight by its respective after-tax cost and sum the results to obtain the WACC.
At a total investment level of $200 million, the WACC of FIN Corp. is 13.58%, as calculated by (400/1100)ˣ 5.4% + (100/1100)ˣ 7.2% + (600/1100)ˣ 15.0% + (0/1100)ˣ 19.0%.
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Jim already uses itemized deductions when calculating his taxable income and thus he expects his mortgage interest and property taxes to be fully deductible from his income. He currently rents a loft and is thinking of buying a single family home and using it as his primary residence. The purchase price of the house is $225,000 and he is going to use a 80% LTV mortgage to finance the purchase. This mortgage will have an interest rate of 3% and a term of 15 years. The property taxes on the property are currently $5,000/year. His marginal tax rate is 24%. What is the tax benefit associated with the first year of ownership (assume that he will close on the house on January 1st, such that the first year of ownership perfectly coincides with a tax year.
For Jim, the tax benefit for the first year of ownership would be about $2,441.04.
Calculate the tax benefit for Jim's first year of homeownership:
1. Calculate the loan amount: Jim is using an 80% loan-to-value mortgage, so he will be borrowing 80% of the purchase price.
Loan Amount = 0.8 * $225,000 = $180,000
2. Calculate the annual mortgage interest: The interest rate is 3% and the loan term is 15 years. Using an online mortgage calculator or formula, the annual mortgage interest in the first year comes out to be approximately $5,171.
3. Calculate the deductible expenses: Jim can deduct both mortgage interest and property taxes.
Deductible Expenses = Mortgage Interest + Property Taxes = $5,171 + $5,000 = $10,171
4. Calculate the tax benefit: multiply the deductible expenses by Jim's marginal tax rate of 24%.
Tax Benefit = Deductible Expenses * Marginal Tax Rate = $10,171 * 0.24 = $2,441.04
So, the tax benefit associated with the first year of ownership for Jim would be approximately $2,441.04.
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which of the following topics should be considered during the analysis phase of the afi framework? multiple select question. the firm's internal strengths and resources the role of strategic leadership and the strategy process the external environment and associated challenges the locations in the world where the firm should compete the firm's business model and competitive advantages
The firm's internal strengths and resources
The role of strategic leadership and the strategy process
The external environment and associated challenges
The firm's business model and competitive advantages
During the analysis phase of the AFI framework, the following topics should be considered:
The firm's internal strengths and resources
The external environment and associated challenges
The firm's business model and competitive advantages
The role of strategic leadership and the strategy process, as well as the locations in the world where the firm should compete, are typically addressed in the formulation phase of the AFI framework.
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How are unallocated overheads treated as per IAS 2? A. Recognise as an expense in the period in which they are incurred B. Recognise as an expense so long as there is a profit in the current period C. Treated as deferred expenditure D. Capitalised with the cost of inventories
As per IAS 2 (International Accounting Standard 2) which deals with the accounting treatment of inventories, unallocated overheads are typically treated by Recognising them as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
So, the correct answer is A.
What's IAS 2 (International Accounting Standard 2)IAS 2 requires that only costs directly attributable to the production or acquisition of inventory items should be capitalized with the cost of inventories.
Unallocated overheads are indirect costs that cannot be specifically traced to individual inventory items, and therefore should be expensed in the period they occur rather than being capitalized or deferred.
This approach ensures accurate representation of inventory costs and financial performance in the financial statements.
Hence, for this question the answer is A. Recognise as an expense in the period in which they are incurred
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Carnes Cosmetics Co.'s stock price is $35, and it recently paid a $1.75 dividend. This dividend is expected to grow by 28% for the next 3 years, then grow forever at a constant rate, g; and rs = 16%. At what constant rate is the stock expected to grow after Year 3? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. %
The Gordon Growth Model is a method used to estimate the intrinsic value of a stock based on the assumption that its dividend will grow at a constant rate indefinitely.
To solve this problem, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, which calculates the intrinsic value of a stock based on its expected dividends, growth rate, and required rate of return.
The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
P0 = D1 / (rs - g)
where P0 is the current stock price,
D1 is the next dividend,
rs is the required rate of return,
and g is the expected constant growth rate.
First, we need to calculate the next three dividends:
D2 = D1 * (1 + 28%) = 1.75 * 1.28 = 2.24
D3 = D2 * (1 + 28%) = 2.24 * 1.28 = 2.87
D4 = D3 * (1 + 28%) = 2.87 * 1.28 = 3.67
Next, we can calculate the intrinsic value of the stock at the end of Year 3:
P3 = D4 / (rs - g)
We can rearrange this equation to solve for the expected growth rate, g:
g = rs - D4 / P3
Substituting the given values, we get:
g = 0.16 - 3.67 / (35 * (1 + 0.16)^3) = 0.0494
Therefore, the stock is expected to grow at a constant rate of 4.94% after Year 3.
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when looking for capital, bankers and other lenders will usually feel most comfortable investing in a/an
When looking for capital, bankers and other lenders will usually feel most comfortable investing in a business that has a strong financial track record and a solid business plan.
When looking for capital, bankers and other lenders will usually feel most comfortable investing in a business that has a strong financial track record and a solid business plan. They will also look for businesses that have collateral or assets that can be used as security for the loan. Additionally, businesses that have a proven ability to generate steady cash flow and have a low level of risk will be more attractive to lenders. Overall, lenders are most comfortable investing in businesses that have a low risk profile and a high likelihood of generating consistent returns.
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linkedin influencers are selected by invitation only. True or False
False. LinkedIn influencers are not selected by invitation only
LinkedIn does have a program called "LinkedIn Influencers" which is made up of a select group of thought leaders and industry experts who are invited to share their insights and ideas with the LinkedIn community.
However, there are other ways for individuals to become influencers on LinkedIn. Anyone can become an influencer on LinkedIn by consistently creating high-quality content, engaging with other users, and building a strong following.
LinkedIn's algorithm also plays a role in determining who becomes an influencer by promoting content that receives a high level of engagement and interaction from the community.
Therefore, while being invited to join the LinkedIn Influencer program can be a significant boost to an individual's visibility and credibility on the platform, it is not the only way to become an influencer on LinkedIn.
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Complete Question
Linkedin influencers are selected by invitation only?
True or False
1. ISO 14001 is a set of standards that govern how a company designs service processes.
2. No process can exist without at least one product or service.
3. Process structure is the mix of equipment and human skills in a process.
4. Resource flexibility determines whether resources are organized around products or processes.
5. Customer involvement reflects the ways in which customers become part of the process and the extent of their participation.
6. Capital intensity is the ease with which employees and equipment can handle a wide variety of products, output levels, duties, and functions.
7. Beginning points for manufacturing process structure decisions are the volume level, amount of customization, and competitive priorities.
8. The degree of customization is one factor that impacts the selection of process type.
9. Service providers with a line process follow a standardized-process strategy.
10. People-processing services involve tangible actions provided for the person rather than to the person, that do not require physical presence.
11. A moment of truth or service encounter is face-to-face interaction between the customer and a service provider.
12. Physical presence does not occur in a manufacturing service process.
13. Possession-processing services involve intangible actions to physical objects that provide value to the customer.
14. Active contact in services means that the customer is very much part of the creation of the service.
15. A process that is very broadly defined with a number of subprocesses has high complexity.
16. Divergence is the extent to which the process accommodates the customer and involves considerable interaction and service customization.
17. A front office structure features high levels of customer contact where the service provider interacts directly with the internal or external customer.
18. Back office work is typically complex with many steps having considerable divergence.
19. A continuous flow process is characterized by a high degree of job customization.
20. A job process has a relatively high level of customization.
21. A job process has the highest level of customization of the five process types.
22. Job processes typically use a line flow through the operations.
23. Job processes generally have higher volumes than batch processes.
24. In a line process, variety is possible by careful control of the addition of standard options to the main product or service.
25. Petroleum refineries typically use continuous flow processes.
26. Continuous flow processes have a high level of customization.
27. The product-process matrix brings together the elements of volume, process, and quality.
28. A make-to-stock strategy involves holding items in stock for immediate delivery and is feasible for standardized products with high volumes and reasonably accurate forecasts.
29. Mass production is a production strategy that uses batch processes in a make-to-stock strategy.
ISO 14001 is a set of standards focused on environmental management, not specifically on service process design.
However, in designing service processes, companies should consider factors such as process structure, resource flexibility, customer involvement, capital intensity, and competitive priorities.
These factors help determine the appropriate manufacturing or service process type, ranging from job processes with high customization to continuous flow processes with low customization, as seen in petroleum refineries.
The degree of customization and customer involvement can influence the selection of process type, such as line processes for standardized services or people-processing services involving tangible actions provided for the person.
Active customer contact is an important aspect of service creation, and moments of truth occur during face-to-face interactions with service providers.
Process complexity and divergence also play a role in shaping the process structure, affecting front office and back office work. A high level of customization is typically associated with job processes, while continuous flow processes have lower customization levels.
In terms of production strategies, a make-to-stock strategy is suitable for standardized, high-volume products with accurate forecasts, while mass production uses batch processes in such a strategy.
The product-process matrix helps businesses analyze the relationship between volume, process, and quality to make informed decisions about their production and service processes.
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Maverick Manufacturing has a target debt-equity ratio of 0.55. Its cost of equity is 11 %, and its cost of debt is 9 %.
If the tax rate is 39 %, what is Maverick's WACC? (Report answer in percentage terms and round to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations).
Maverick Manufacturing's WACC is 0.0902964, which when rounded to two decimal places, is 9.03%.
To calculate Maverick Manufacturing's WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital), we need to use the following formula:
WACC = [tex]\(\frac{E}{V} \cdot Re + \frac{D}{V} \cdot Rd \cdot (1 - Tc)\)[/tex]
Where:
E = market value of equity
D = market value of debt
V = E + D (total value of the firm)
Re = cost of equity (11%)
Rd = cost of debt (9%)
Tc = tax rate (39%)
First, we need to find E and D using the target debt-equity ratio:
Debt-equity ratio = D/E = 0.55
E = 1 (assuming equity as the base)
D = 0.55 x E = 0.55
Now, we can calculate V:
V = E + D = 1 + 0.55 = 1.55
Next, we can calculate the weights for equity and debt:
Weight of equity (E/V) = 1 / 1.55 ≈ 0.6452
Weight of debt (D/V) = 0.55 / 1.55 ≈ 0.3548
Finally, we can plug these values into the WACC formula:
WACC = (0.6452) x 0.11 + (0.3548) x 0.09 x (1 - 0.39)
WACC = 0.07095 + 0.0193464
WACC = 0.0902964
Converting WACC to a percentage and rounding to 2 decimal places:
WACC = 0.0902964 x 100 = 9.03%
So, Maverick Manufacturing's WACC is 9.03%.
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in analyzing the income statement of bob company, cost of goods sold decreased from 2016 to 2017 by 8.2%. the cost of goods sold was $19,000 in 2017. the cost of goods sold to nearest dollar in 2016 was:
The cost of goods sold in 2016 was approximately $20,697.17, the correct option is (A).
To determine the cost of goods sold (COGS) in 2016, we need to use the percentage decrease provided in the problem and the known COGS for 2017.
Let x be the COGS in 2016.
Percentage change = ((New value - Old value) / Old value) × 100%
Let's plug in the given values and solve for the old value:
8.2% = ((19,000 - Old value) ÷ Old value) × 100%
0.082 = (19,000 - Old value) ÷ Old value
0.082 × Old value = 19,000 - Old value
0.918 × Old value = 19,000
Then, we know that (x - 0.082x) = 19,000, since the COGS decreased by 8.2%.
Simplifying this equation, we get:
0.918x = 19,000
x = 19,000 ÷ 0.918
x = $20,697.17
Therefore, the answer is option A) $20,697.17.
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The complete question is:
In analyzing the income statement of Bob Company, the cost of goods sold decreased by 8.2% from 2016 to 2017. If the cost of goods sold is $19,000 in 2017, what was it in 2016 (rounded to the nearest cent)?
A) $20,697.17
B) $1,407,200
C) $332,500
D) $605,000
on its december 31 prior year balance sheet, calgary industries reports equipment of $410,000 and accumulated depreciation of $78,000. during the current year, the company plans to purchase additional equipment costing $84,000 and expects depreciation expense of $34,000. additionally, it plans to dispose of equipment that originally cost $46,000 and had accumulated depreciation of $6,000. the balances for equipment and accumulated depreciation, respectively, on its december 31 current year budgeted balance sheet are:
On its December 31 current year budgeted balance sheet, Calgary Industries will report equipment of $438,000 and accumulated depreciation of $108,000.
The balance of equipment on the December 31 prior year balance sheet was $410,000. The company plans to purchase additional equipment costing $84,000 during the current year, which brings the total cost of equipment to $494,000 ($410,000 + $84,000).
The company also plans to dispose of equipment with a net book value of $40,000 ($46,000 - $6,000), which reduces the cost of equipment to $454,000 ($494,000 - $40,000).
The depreciation expense for the current year is expected to be $34,000, which is added to the prior year's accumulated depreciation of $78,000 to get a total of $112,000.
The accumulated depreciation for the disposed equipment is subtracted from the prior year's accumulated depreciation to get a net accumulated depreciation of $72,000 ($78,000 - $6,000).
Therefore, the balances for equipment and accumulated depreciation, respectively, on its December 31 current year budgeted balance sheet are $438,000 ($454,000 - $16,000) and $108,000 ($72,000 + $34,000).
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Problem 12-01 AFN equation Broussard Skateboard's sales are expected to increase by 20% from $7.2 million in 2016 to $8.64 million in 2017. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2016. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2016, current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 5%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 65%. Use the AFN equation to forecast Broussard's additional funds needed for the coming year. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Do not round intermediate calculations. $ 690400
Broussard Skateboard's additional funds needed using AFN equation for the coming year is $568,800.
To forecast Broussard Skateboard's additional funds needed (AFN) for the coming year, we'll use the AFN equation.
The given information includes:
Sales increase by 20% from $7.2 million to $8.64 million
Assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2016
Current liabilities were $1.4 million
After-tax profit margin is 5%
Forecasted payout ratio is 65%
1: Calculate the required increase in assets
Assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales, which is 20%. Therefore,Increase in assets = $5 million * 20% = $1 million
2: Calculate the increase in retained earnings
After-tax profit = Sales * After-tax profit margin = $8.64 million * 5% = $432,000
Retained earnings = After-tax profit * (1 - Payout ratio) = $432,000 * (1 - 65%) = $432,000 * 35% = $151,200
3: Calculate the increase in liabilities
Since current liabilities consist of accounts payable, notes payable, and accruals, we'll assume they will grow at the same rate as sales, which is 20%. Therefore,
Increase in liabilities = $1.4 million * 20% = $280,000
4: Use the AFN equation
AFN = Increase in assets - Increase in retained earnings - Increase in liabilities
AFN = $1 million - $151,200 - $280,000 = $568,800
Hence, additional funds needed (AFN) is $568,800.
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The additional funds needed (AFN) for Broussard Skateboard is $690,400.
The AFN equation is used to calculate the additional funds required to support the increase in assets that result from an increase in sales.
The equation is: AFN = (A*/S)ΔS - (L*/S)ΔS - MS1(1 - S1)/S1, where A* is the assets required to support the projected sales, S is the sales figure, L* is the spontaneous liabilities required to support the projected sales, MS1 is the required addition to retained earnings, and S1 is the projected sales payout ratio.
In this case, the calculation is: AFN = ($5m * 1.2) - ($1.4m * 1.2) - (0.05 * $8.64m * 0.65) = $6,000,000 - $1,680,000 - $280,800 = $3,039,200. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the answer is $690,400.
Broussard Skateboard requires an additional $690,400 to support the projected sales increase for the coming year. The company's sales are expected to increase by 20%, and the assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales.
The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 5%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 65%. The company's current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The AFN equation was used to calculate the additional funds needed.
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(Cost of equity) Brille Corporation is issuing new common stock at a market price of $27. Dividends last year were $1.25 and are expected to grow at an annual rate of 9 percent forever. Flotation costs will be 12 percent of market price. What is Brilles cost of equity? Brille's cost of external common equity is %. (Round to two decimal places.)
The cost of external common equity for Brille Corporation is 14.73%.
To calculate Brille Corporation's cost of equity, we need to consider the dividend growth model which is given by:
Cost of equity (Re) = (D1 / P0) + g
where:
D1 = the expected dividend next year
P0 = the current market price per share, net of flotation costs
g = the dividend growth rate
First, let's calculate D1, which is the expected dividend next year:
D1 = Dividends last year * (1 + g)
D1 = $1.25 * (1 + 0.09)
D1 = $1.25 * 1.09
D1 = $1.3625
Next, we need to find P0, which is the market price per share after considering the flotation costs:
P0 = Market price * (1 - Flotation cost percentage)
P0 = $27 * (1 - 0.12)
P0 = $27 * 0.88
P0 = $23.76
Now we can calculate the cost of equity:
Re = (D1 / P0) + g
Re = ($1.3625 / $23.76) + 0.09
Re = 0.0573 + 0.09
Re = 0.1473
Converting the result to a percentage and rounding to two decimal places:
Brille's cost of external common equity = 0.1473 * 100 = 14.73%
So, Brille Corporation's cost of external common equity is 14.73%.
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on october 1, 2022, greystone inc. lends cash and accepts a $9,000 note receivable that offers 10% interest and is due in nine months. how would greystone record the transaction on july 1, 2023, when the borrower pays greystone the correct amount owed? assume the company has a december 31 year end and makes all necessary adjusting entries at that time. a.cash9,675 notes receivable 9,000 interest revenue 675 b.cash9,675 notes receivable 9,000 interest revenue 225 interest receivable 450 c.cash9,675 notes receivable 9,000 interest receivable 675 d.cash9,675 notes receivable 9,000 interest revenue 450 interest receivable 225
A. When Greystone Inc. lends cash and accepts a $9,000 note receivable with 10% interest due in nine months on October 1, 2022, it records the transaction as cash $9,000 and notes receivable $9,000.
How much the correct amount owed?As the note carries interest, Greystone will also record interest revenue of $675 ($9,000 x 10% x 9/12). On July 1, 2023, when the borrower pays the correct amount owed, Greystone will receive cash of $9,675 ($9,000 + $675 interest revenue earned).
At the end of the year, Greystone makes necessary adjusting entries to record interest receivable of $450 ($9,000 x 10% x 3/12) and reduces interest revenue by the same amount ($225 interest revenue earned in the current year and $225 interest revenue earned in the previous year).
Therefore, the correct journal entry on July 1, 2023, would be cash $9,675, notes receivable $9,000, and interest revenue $675.
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192. An analyst gathered the following data about a company:
Source of Capital
Book Value
Market Value
Debt
$27 Mil.
$20 Mil.
Preferred Stocks
$18 Mil.
$28 Mil.
Common Stock
$45 Mil.
$32 Mil.
Before-tax cost of debt = 6%
Cost of common equity = 8%
Cost of preferred equity = 10%
Marginal tax rate = 30%
The company’s weighted average cost of capital is closest to:
A. 0.073
B. 0.078
C. 0.082
In this case, the cost of debt is 6%, the cost of common equity is 8%, and the cost of preferred equity is 10%. The marginal tax rate is 30%. Using this information, we can calculate the company's WACC.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can be used to measure a company’s cost of financing its assets. It is calculated by taking the weighted average of the cost of debt and the cost of equity.
We first calculate the cost of debt and equity by multiplying the cost of each source by its market value. We then add the resulting costs together and subtract the tax shield, which is calculated by multiplying the marginal tax rate by the cost of debt. After these calculations, the company’s WACC is closest to 0.078.
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economic thinking is concerned with assigning a current ____________________ to nature, allowing natural "things" to be integrated into a common framework of analysis.
Economic thinking is concerned with assigning a current value or charge to nature, allowing natural sources and ecosystems to be incorporated into a common framework of analysis.
This approach is called environmental valuation and is primarily based on the concept that herbal assets have monetary cost that may be quantified and compared to other items and offerings. by assigning a value to nature, financial evaluation can assist selection-makers verify the expenses and benefits of different coverage options, which include conservation measures or resource extraction.
Environmental valuation strategies consist of market-primarily based strategies, along with contingent valuation and hedonic pricing, and non-marketplace-based totally strategies, such as travel cost and choice experiments.
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Economic thinking is concerned with assigning a current value to nature, allowing natural resources and ecosystems to be integrated into a common framework of analysis. This framework enables policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions about the economic benefits and costs of using natural resources and managing ecosystems.
It recognizes the interdependence between economic and ecological systems and seeks to balance the needs of both. Therefore, the economic framework provides a way to evaluate the value of nature and its resources in a way that considers both their economic and ecological significance. The social science of economics examines how people, organisations, governments, and society distribute finite resources to meet their endless desires and requirements. In addition to analysing market behaviour and the interactions of various economic players, it encompasses the production, distribution, and consumption of commodities and services. There are several subfields of economics, such as macroeconomics, which focuses on the performance and behaviour of the economy as a whole and covers issues like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth, and microeconomics.
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which of the following is not one of the types/purposes that gaap identifies for using forward contracts for hedging purposes when the item hedged is denominated in a foreign currency? group of answer choices forecasted transaction recognized firm commitment recognized assets or liabilities available-for-sale investment
Available-for-sale investment is does not recognize by GAAP in this type of investment as a valid hedging instrument for foreign currency exposure. Option D is correct.
GAAP identifies three types of transactions that can be hedged using forward contracts: forecasted transactions, recognized firm commitments, and recognized assets or liabilities. However, available-for-sale investments are not considered a valid hedging instrument for foreign currency exposure because they are not considered to have a high degree of certainty and therefore cannot be reliably hedged.
Instead, GAAP recommends using other financial instruments such as options or swaps to hedge against foreign currency exposure for available-for-sale investments. The purpose of using forward contracts as a hedging instrument is to mitigate the risk of changes in the foreign currency exchange rate. By entering into a forward contract, an entity can lock in a specific exchange rate and avoid the potential negative impact of currency fluctuations on their financial statements.
The three types of transactions identified by GAAP that can be hedged using forward contracts are those that are highly probable, have a fixed or determinable transaction date, and are denominated in a foreign currency.
Option D holds true.
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while performing a review of the hot site used by wells fargo, the auditor finds the following issues. which of the following would be the greatest concern? servers at the hot site have different specifications than the primary site the disk space utilization information are not currentphysical security controls at the hot site are not as robust as the primary sitesystem administrators use shared accounts which never expire
The greatest concern among the given issues for the hot site used by Wells Fargo would be "system administrators use shared accounts which never expire." (option d is answer.).
This issue poses a significant security risk as it can lead to unauthorized access to the system and data breaches. Shared accounts that never expire make it difficult to track who accessed the system, making it challenging to detect and prevent potential security breaches. The other issues mentioned can be significant, but they are not as critical as the shared account issue.
Different server specifications and outdated disk space utilization information may lead to some inconvenience, but they do not pose a severe threat to the security and functionality of the system. Similarly, while physical security controls are crucial, they do not present as high a risk as the shared account issue.
Option d is answer.
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which of the following statements is false? group of answer choices the total payout model allows us to ignore the firm's choice between dividends and share repurchases. by repurchasing shares, the firm increases its share count, which decreases its earning and dividends on a per-share basis. the total payout model discounts the total payouts that the firm makes to shareholders, which is the total amount spent on both dividends and share repurchases. in the dividend discount model, we implicitly assume that any cash paid out to the shareholders takes the form of a dividend.
The false statement among the options provided is "in the dividend discount model, we implicitly assume that any cash paid out to the shareholders takes the form of a dividend." This statement is not entirely true as dividend discount model assumes that any cash paid out to shareholders.
On the other hand, the total payout model is a comprehensive approach that considers both dividends and share repurchases in determining the total payout to shareholders. By repurchasing shares, the firm reduces the number of outstanding shares, which, in turn, increases earnings and dividends on a per-share basis. Therefore, the total payout model does not ignore the firm's choice between dividends and share repurchases.
In summary, while the dividend discount model assumes that cash paid out to shareholders takes the form of a dividend, the total payout model considers both dividends and share repurchases in determining the total payout to shareholders.
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I need help with converting this into a formula for excel
In cell A2, type "Starting interest rate"; in B2, enter 4.25%—you must reference this cell in your adjustment calculations
If the loan amount is over $400,000 subtract 1.00 percentage point (meaning that the Effective Interest Rate would be 3.25%), unless the period is 10 or fewer years
If the loan amount is equal to or under $400,000 and over $300,000 subtract 0.75 percentage points
If the loan amount is equal to or under $300,000 and over $175,000 and 20 or fewer years subtract 0.50 percentage points
If the loan amount is equal to or under $100,000 add 0.25 percentage points
Lastly, in addition to any adjustments above, if the borrower lives in the state of New Jersey add 0.50 percentage points
To convert this loan calculation into a formula for Excel, we can use a combination of IF and nested IF statements.
First, we can set up the basic formula for calculating the interest rate based on the loan amount:
=IF(A2<=100000,0.25,0)
In this formula, A2 is the cell containing the loan amount. If the loan amount is equal to or under $100,000, the formula will add 0.25 percentage points to the interest rate. If the loan amount is above $100,000, the formula will add 0 percentage points (i.e. no additional adjustment).
Next, we can add a nested IF statement to account for borrowers who live in the state of New Jersey:
=IF(A2<=100000,0.25,IF(B2="New Jersey",0.75,0))
In this formula, B2 is the cell containing the borrower's state. If the loan amount is equal to or under $100,000, the formula will add 0.25 percentage points to the interest rate.
If the borrower lives in New Jersey, the formula will add an additional 0.50 percentage points to the interest rate (0.25 + 0.50 = 0.75). If neither of these conditions are met, the formula will add 0 percentage points.
By using this formula in Excel, you can easily calculate the interest rate for loans based on the loan amount and the borrower's state. This can be a helpful tool for lenders or borrowers looking to determine the cost of a loan.
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Roget's Search Engine Limited plans to pay dividends of $2.00, $3.50, and then a liquidating dividend of $20.25 over the next three years. If investors expect a 10 percent return on their investment, what is the value of the company today? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to 2 decimal places.) Current value______$
The value of the company today is $21.80.
To find the value of the company today, we need to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows, which in this case are the dividends.
We can use the formula for present value of an annuity to calculate the present value of the first two dividends:
PV = C[1/(1+r) + 1/(1+r)²]
Where PV is the present value, C is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and the subscript represents the time period. Using this formula, we get:
PV = $2[1/(1+0.1) + 1/(1+0.1)²] + $3.50[1/(1+0.1)²]
= $4.15
To calculate the present value of the liquidating dividend, we simply divide it by (1+r)³:
PV = $20.25/(1+0.1)³
= $14.65
Finally, to find the current value of the company, we add the present values of all three dividends:
Current value = $4.15 + $14.65 + $2.00
= $21.80
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which of the following is an example of the law of demand? the amount of lumber that a certain region can produce is stable. the price of alpaca wool is increasing, so farmers offer more of it. the price of gas is decreasing, so vendors offer less of it. the price of gas is decreasing, so people buy more of it.
The following statement is an example of the law of demand: "The price of gas is decreasing, so people buy more of it." (option d).
The law of demand is a basic principle in economics that states that as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded by consumers will decrease, and as the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity demanded will increase.
This is because, at higher prices, consumers may choose to substitute the good with a cheaper alternative or simply decide not to purchase it, while at lower prices, they may see it as a better value and increase their demand for it. The law of demand plays a significant role in shaping market dynamics and pricing strategies.
Option d is answer.
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Stacker Weight Loss currently pays an annual year-end dividend of $1.20 per share. It plans to increase this dividend by 5% next year and maintain it at the new level for the foreseeable future. If the required return on the firm's stock is 8%, what is the value of Stacker's stock?
The value of Stacker's stock is worth $14.40 per share.
The value of Stacker Weight Loss's stock can be calculated using the dividend growth model. This model states that the value of a stock is equal to the present value of all future dividends. In Stacker's case, these dividends are expected to increase by 5% each year.
The required return of 8% is used as the discount rate to determine the present value of the future dividends. Using this formula, the value of Stacker's stock can be calculated as the sum of the present value of all future dividends discounted by the required return.
This value is determined by taking the annual dividend payment of $1.20, increasing it by 5% each year, and then discounting it by the required return of 8%. By doing this, the value of Stacker's stock can be determined and is equal to the present value of the future dividends discounted by the required return. This calculation shows that Stacker's stock is worth $14.40 per share.
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the difference between how much a cost should have been, given the actual level of activity, and the actual amount of the cost is a(n)
variance.
The difference between how much a cost should have been, given the actual level of activity, and the actual amount of the cost is a variance. Specifically, it is known as a cost variance, which measures the difference between the actual cost incurred and the expected or budgeted cost at a given level of activity. In the cost variance analysis, the list of the steps in order is:
- Prepare reports
- Analyze variances
- Questions and answers
- Take action
This variance can be analyzed further to determine the reasons for the difference and to make adjustments to future budgeting and planning.
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A financial instrument just paid the investor $462 last year. The cash flow is expected to last forever and increase at a rate of 1.2 percent annually. If you use a 6.4 percent discount rate for investments like this, what should be the price you are willing to pay for this financial instrument?
Answer:
We can use the perpetuity formula to calculate the price of the financial instrument:
Price = Cash flow / Discount rate - Growth rate
Where:
Cash flow = $462
Discount rate = 6.4%
Growth rate = 1.2%
Plugging in the values, we get:
Price = $462 / (0.064 - 0.012)
Price = $462 / 0.052
Price = $8,884.62
Therefore, the price you should be willing to pay for this financial instrument is $8,884.62.
as firms simultaneously downsize and face the need for increased coordination across organizational boundaries, a control system based primarily on is dysfunctional. group of answer choices boundaries and constraints culture and rewards organizational loyalty innovation and risk taking
As firms simultaneously downsize and face the need for increased coordination across organizational boundaries, a control system based primarily on boundaries and constraints is dysfunctional.
Boundaries and constraints may have been effective in controlling and managing operations within a more centralized and hierarchical organizational structure. However, as organizations downsize and become more decentralized, there is a greater need for cross-functional collaboration and coordination across different organizational boundaries, such as departments, teams, and locations.
A control system based primarily on boundaries and constraints may limit information sharing, communication, and flexibility.
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hich of the following is an incorrect statement? a. goods or services are perceived favorably by customers if the ratio of perceived benefits to price to the customer is high. b. value chain is the network of facilities and processes that create goods and services, and those that deliver them to the customer. c. supply chain is supporting flow of information and financial transactions through the supply, production, and distribution processes. d. value chain describes the flow of materials, finished goods, services, information, and financial transactions from suppliers. e. value chain does not enhance values to customers.
The incorrect statements are:
c. The supply chain facilitates the information and financial transactions that move through the supply, production, and distribution processes.
e. The value chain does not increase customer values.
a. Goods or services are perceived favorably by customers if the ratio of perceived benefits to price to the customer is high - This statement is correct. When customers perceive that they are receiving high value for the price, they will have a favorable view of the goods or services.
b. Value chain is the network of facilities and processes that create goods and services, and those that deliver them to the customer - This statement is correct. A value chain refers to the sequence of activities that companies perform to create, produce, and deliver products or services.
c. Supply chain is supporting flow of information and financial transactions through the supply, production, and distribution processes - This statement is incorrect. A supply chain refers to the network of organizations involved in the production, distribution, and sale of a product or service, but it primarily focuses on the flow of materials, goods, and information rather than financial transactions.
d. Value chain describes the flow of materials, finished goods, services, information, and financial transactions from suppliers - This statement is correct. The value chain does indeed describe these various flows throughout the production process.
e. Value chain does not enhance values to customers - This statement is incorrect. A value chain is designed to create and enhance value for customers through the various activities and processes involved in producing and delivering goods or services.
In summary, the incorrect statements are:
c. Supply chain is supporting flow of information and financial transactions through the supply, production, and distribution processes.
e. Value chain does not enhance values to customers.
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According to the VRIO framework, valuable, rare, and hard-to-imitate resources and capabilities will lead to a competitive parity. Select one: True False
The given statement: According to the VRIO framework, valuable, rare, and hard-to-imitate resources and capabilities will lead to a competitive parity is FALSE.
According to the VRIO (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organized) framework, resources and capabilities that are valuable, rare, hard-to-imitate, and organized will lead to a sustained competitive advantage.
The VRIO framework is used to evaluate a firm's resources and capabilities to determine if they can be a source of competitive advantage.
Valuable resources and capabilities are those that enable a firm to exploit opportunities and/or neutralize threats in its environment. Rare resources and capabilities are those that are not possessed by many competitors.
Hard-to-imitate resources and capabilities are those that are difficult for competitors to replicate or obtain. Organized resources and capabilities are those that are aligned and coordinated in such a way that they enable a firm to exploit their full potential.
Therefore, only resources and capabilities that meet all four criteria of the VRIO framework - valuable, rare, hard-to-imitate, and organized - can lead to a sustained competitive advantage.
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online gambling and price of everything... COSTS of website starting, costs to do everything.....
1. mobile app online gambling
2. real money poker online gambling
3. sports online gambling
online gambling cost of production, application, etc.
mobile online gambling
real money poker online gmabling
sports online gambling
The costs associated with starting an online gambling website, including mobile app, real money poker, and sports online gambling. Here's a breakdown of the various costs involved in starting an online gambling business:
Domain and Hosting: The first step is to register a domain name for your website and purchase a hosting plan. The cost of a domain name can range from $10 to $50 per year, while a hosting plan can range from $5 to $100 per month, depending on your requirements.
Website Development: Developing an online gambling website can be a complex task, involving multiple components like user registration, payment processing, game development, and security. The cost of website development can range from $10,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the complexity and features required.
Mobile App Development: To create a mobile app for online gambling, you will need to hire app developers or an app development company. The cost of mobile app development can range from $10,000 to $150,000, depending on the platform (iOS, Android) and the features required.
Real Money Poker Platform: For real money poker online gambling, you may need to license poker software or develop your own. Licensing poker software can cost from $5,000 to $50,000, while developing your own poker platform can cost up to $100,000 or more.
Sports Online Gambling Platform: To offer sports betting, you will need to license sportsbook software or develop your own. Licensing sportsbook software can range from $10,000 to $100,000, while developing a custom sportsbook platform can cost over $150,000.
Licensing and Regulation: Obtaining a gambling license is essential for legal operations. The cost of a gambling license can range from $10,000 to $500,000 or more, depending on the jurisdiction and the type of license required.
Marketing and Promotion: Advertising your online gambling website is crucial for attracting players. Marketing costs can vary greatly, ranging from a few thousand dollars per month for online advertising to tens of thousands for more comprehensive marketing campaigns.
In conclusion, starting an online gambling business involving a website, mobile app, real money poker, and sports online gambling can be a significant investment. The total cost can range from $50,000 to over $500,000 or more, depending on the features, platforms, and licenses required.
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a company's 6% coupon rate, semiannual payment, $1,000 par value bond that matures in 20 years sells at a price of $548.61. the company's federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%. what is the firm's after-tax component cost of debt for
The firm's after-tax component cost of debt is approximately 2.55%.
Calculate the annual coupon payment.
The coupon rate is 6% and the par value is $1,000, so the annual coupon payment is $1,000 x 6% = $60.
Determine the number of coupon payments.
Since the bond has semiannual payments, it will have 2 x 20 = 40 coupon payments over its life.
Calculate the before-tax cost of debt.
The price of the bond is $548.61, which is less than the par value of $1,000, so it is selling at a discount. The before-tax cost of debt is the yield to maturity, which can be calculated using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software. In this case, the yield to maturity is approximately 7.36%.
Calculate the after-tax cost of debt.
The after-tax cost of debt is calculated as the before-tax cost of debt multiplied by one minus the tax rate. In this case, the tax rate is 25%, so the after-tax cost of debt is 7.36% x (1 - 0.25) = 5.52%.
Calculate the semiannual after-tax cost of debt.
Since the coupon payments are semiannual, the after-tax cost of debt needs to be adjusted accordingly. The semiannual after-tax cost of debt is 5.52% / 2 = 2.76%.
Calculate the annual after-tax cost of debt.
To get the annual after-tax cost of debt, the semiannual after-tax cost of debt needs to be converted back to an annual rate. This is done by multiplying the semiannual rate by 2. In this case, the annual after-tax cost of debt is 2.76% x 2 = 5.52%.
Therefore, the firm's after-tax component cost of debt is approximately 2.55%.
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