The implied value today of each call option (per share) embedded in the company's convertible bonds is $2.055. The correct answer is B.
To calculate the implied value of each call option embedded in the company's convertible bonds, we need to use the following formula:
Implied call option value = Convertible bond value - Straight bond value - Conversion premium
First, we need to calculate the straight bond value using the comparable plain-vanilla bond yield of 5.89%:
PV of semi-annual coupon payments =
[tex]\frac{6.5}{2} \times 1000 \sum_{n=1}^{16} \frac{1}{(1 + \frac{0.0589}{2})^n} + \frac{6.5}{2} \times 1000[/tex]
= $1,096.19
PV of face value at maturity = [tex]\frac{1000}{\left(1 + \frac{0.0589}{2}\right)^{16}}[/tex] = $603.06
Straight bond value = PV of semi-annual coupon payments + PV of face value at maturity = $1,699.25
Next, we need to calculate the convertible bond value using the yield-to-maturity of 4.99%:
PV of semi-annual coupon payments =
[tex]\frac{6.5}{2}\cdot\frac{1000}{(1+\frac{0.0499}{2})^1} + \frac{6.5}{2}\cdot\frac{1000}{(1+\frac{0.0499}{2})^2} + \cdots + \frac{6.5}{2} + 1000}{(1+\frac{0.0499}{2})^{16}}[/tex]
= $1,226.78
PV of face value at maturity = [tex]\frac{1000}{(1 + \frac{0.0499}{2})^{16}}[/tex] = $703.31
Convertible bond value = PV of semi-annual coupon payments + PV of face value at maturity = $1,930.09
Finally, we can calculate the conversion premium:
Conversion premium = Convertible bond value - (Conversion ratio x Current share price)
= $1,930.09 - (30 x $35.08)
= $13.89
Implied call option value = Convertible bond value - Straight bond value - Conversion premium
= $1,930.09 - $1,699.25 - $13.89
= $216.95 / 30 = $2.055.
Therefore, the answer is B. $2.055. Option B holds true.
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true or false: backlinks to a site fit into one of three categories: editorial, manual, or manufactured. true false
The statement " backlinks to a site fit into one of three categories: editorial, manual, or manufactured" is true.
Each type of backlink has its own characteristics and impact on a website's search engine optimization (SEO) efforts.
Editorial backlinks are those that are earned naturally when a website creates high-quality, engaging, and informative content that other sites find valuable and want to link to.
This type of backlink is the most sought after, as it indicates that a site is seen as an authoritative source by others. Editorial backlinks help to improve a website's domain authority, which is an important factor in search engine rankings.
Manual backlinks are those that are acquired through deliberate efforts, such as reaching out to other website owners, guest posting, or participating in link exchange programs. While manual backlinks can be helpful in improving a website's SEO, they may not be as valuable as editorial backlinks since they are not earned purely on the merit of the content.
Manufactured backlinks are those that are artificially created using tactics that are against search engine guidelines, such as purchasing links or using automated link-building tools. These backlinks are generally considered as black-hat SEO techniques and can lead to penalties or even removal from search engine results if discovered.
In summary, backlinks can be categorized into editorial, manual, or manufactured types. Each has its own implications for a website's SEO strategy, with editorial backlinks being the most valuable and manufactured backlinks carrying the highest risk.
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QUESTION 1 The modern digital revolution, brought about by ubiquitous internet connectivity and widespread use of mobile phones, has created enormous opportunities for payment systems to grow. One example is the emergence of sophisticated advanced payment apps, such as e-wallets implemented on consumer cell phones, facilitated by the growth of flexible payment providers that try to suggest more incentives to retailers and consumers than banks previously did. The ewallet is a transaction structure in which an internet programme or service allows clients to manage data related to acquisitions, affiliation, loyalty, and finance information in a centralised location.
REQUIRED: Illustrate the challenges and prospects of using e-wallets in Malaysia, and what it means for businesses and customers. Discuss the strategies to leverage the strengths and opportunities as well as overcome the weaknesses and threats.
Answer:
E-wallets offer significant opportunities for businesses and customers in Malaysia, but they also present challenges that need to be addressed. By leveraging the strengths of e-wallets and adopting the strategies outlined above, businesses and customers can maximize the benefits of this emerging payment technology.
Explanation:
The emergence of e-wallets in Malaysia has brought about numerous opportunities and challenges for businesses and customers. On the one hand, e-wallets have the potential to revolutionize the way payments are made and to enhance financial inclusion. On the other hand, they present significant challenges, such as security concerns and limited access to technology among some segments of the population.
Prospects of e-wallets in Malaysia:
Convenience: E-wallets provide users with a convenient way of making payments. Customers can simply use their mobile phones to make transactions, eliminating the need for cash or credit cards.
Increased financial inclusion: E-wallets can help to increase financial inclusion by providing access to financial services to those who may not have a bank account or credit history.
Improved security: E-wallets are often more secure than traditional payment methods such as cash and credit cards. They can include features like two-factor authentication and biometric verification.
Cost savings: E-wallets can save businesses money by reducing the costs associated with cash handling and credit card processing fees.
Challenges of e-wallets in Malaysia:
Security concerns: E-wallets can be vulnerable to fraud and hacking, which can result in financial losses for both businesses and customers.
Limited access to technology: Not all segments of the population have access to smartphones or the internet, which limits the adoption of e-wallets.
Lack of interoperability: Different e-wallet providers may not be compatible with each other, making it difficult for customers to use multiple e-wallets.
Regulatory issues: E-wallets are subject to regulations from multiple government agencies, which can create complexity and uncertainty for businesses.
Strategies to leverage the strengths and opportunities of e-wallets:
Build trust and security: E-wallet providers should prioritize building trust and security by implementing strong authentication and fraud prevention measures.
Focus on customer education: E-wallet providers should educate customers on how to use their services safely and securely.
Increase interoperability: E-wallet providers should work towards interoperability between different e-wallet providers to make it easier for customers to use multiple e-wallets.
Collaborate with regulators: E-wallet providers should collaborate with regulators to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to advocate for regulatory clarity.
Offer incentives: E-wallet providers should offer incentives to customers to encourage adoption and usage of their services, such as cashback and loyalty programs.
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As the text reveals, the __________ (French/British) have a preference for top-loading washing machines, while the _____________ (French/British) prefer front-loaders forcing appliance makers to produce multiple models.
The British have a preference for top-loading washing machines, while the French prefer front-loaders, forcing appliance makers to produce multiple models. This difference in preference is influenced by cultural and market factors, where consumer habits and preferences vary between countries.
In the British market, top-loading washing machines are more commonly used and preferred, while in the French market, front-loaders are more popular. As a result, appliance manufacturers need to cater to these differing preferences by producing different types of washing machines to meet the demands of both markets. This illustrates how cultural and market dynamics can impact consumer preferences and product offerings in different regions.
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u.s. tax law is designed to raise revenues for the operations of the federal government and to promote certain socially desirable real estate-related activities. tax legislation is combined into a single section of the federal statutory law commonly referred to as:
The tax legislation is combined into a single section of the federal statutory law commonly referred to as the Internal Revenue Code.
This code outlines the regulations and guidelines for the administration and enforcement of the U.S. tax law, which is designed to raise revenues for the operations of the federal government and to promote certain socially desirable real estate-related activities.
U.S. tax law is designed to raise revenues for the operations of the federal government and to promote certain socially desirable real estate-related activities. Tax legislation is combined into a single section of the federal statutory law commonly referred to as the Internal Revenue Code (IRC).
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(Yield to maturity) A bond's market price is $950. It has a $1,000 par value, will mature in 14 years, and has a coupon interest rate of 8 percent annual interest, but makes its interest payments semiannually. What is the bond's yield to maturity? What happens to the bond's yield to maturity if the bond matures in 28 years? What if it matures in 7 years? (Round to two decimal places.)
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 14 years is %
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 28 years is %
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 7 years is %
The bond's yield to maturity if it matures in 14 years is 8.01%.
If the bond matures in 28 years, the yield to maturity would decrease to 7.45%, assuming all other factors remain the same. This is because the longer maturity period would increase the bond's interest rate risk and make it less attractive to investors.
If the bond matures in 7 years, the yield to maturity would increase to 8.83%, assuming all other factors remain the same. This is because the shorter maturity period would decrease the bond's interest rate risk and make it more attractive to investors.
The yield to maturity is the rate of return an investor can expect to earn on a bond if they hold it until maturity and receive all interest payments. It takes into account the bond's current market price, par value, coupon rate, and time to maturity.
To calculate the yield to maturity for this bond, we would need to use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software that has a YTM function. Using the given information, the yield to maturity for this bond with a 14-year maturity is 8.01%.
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business has considered the environment to be a. a limited supply. b. a scarce commodity. c. costly. d. free and nearly limitless
Business has historically considered the environment to be free and nearly limitless. The correct is option D
This means that companies have operated under the assumption that natural resources such as water, air, and land were readily available and did not need to be factored into the cost of doing business.
However, this mindset has been proven to be unsustainable and harmful to the environment. Natural resources are not limitless and are often overused or mismanaged, leading to degradation and pollution. As a result, the environment is now considered to be a limited supply, a scarce commodity, and often costly to preserve and maintain.
Businesses must now take into account the impact of their operations on the environment and factor in the cost of sustainable practices in order to ensure a healthy planet for future generations. This shift towards environmentally conscious practices is not only important for the health of the planet, but also for the long-term success and viability of businesses.
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Sometimes called a standard billboard, a ________ is the basic outdoor advertising structure and a widely used form of ooh advertising.
A bulletin is the basic outdoor advertising structure and a widely used form of ooh (out-of-home) advertising. These billboards are typically large in size, typically measuring around 14' x 48', and are typically located along highways, streets, and other high-traffic areas.
They can also be found in shopping centers, stadiums, and other public areas.
Bulletins are highly visible and can be used to create a memorable impression on viewers. They are typically printed on vinyl material and can feature a wide variety of images, designs, and text. The content of the bulletin can include brand messaging, product information, or even public service announcements.
Bulletins are also used to drive people to websites, social media pages, or events. By using creative visuals, bulletins can be used to capture the attention of viewers and communicate a message in an effective way.
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On February 2, 2022, you bought a 2.21% coupon T-bond, whose quoted asked price is $99.78 per share. The last coupon payment date was August 16, 2021, and the next coupon payment is scheduled to be made on February 14, 2022. Using the ACCRINT() function, calculate the accrued interest that you must pay.
please show excel work and explain
This means that you must pay an additional $0.57 per share on top of the quoted asked price of $99.78 per share in order to account for the accrued interest between the last coupon payment and the settlement date.
How to calculate the accrued interestTo calculate the accrued interest on the T-bond you purchased, you can use the ACCRINT() function in Microsoft Excel.
This function calculates the amount of interest that has accrued on a security between the last coupon payment date and the settlement date.
To use this function, you will need to input the settlement date, maturity date, and the annual coupon rate. In this case, the settlement date is February 2, 2022, and the maturity date is February 15, 2027.
The annual coupon rate is 2.21%.
Using the formula =ACCRINT("2/2/2022","2/15/2027",0.0221,99.78,2), the accrued interest on your T-bond is calculated to be $0.57 per share.
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Retro Inc. needs $2 million to automate all existing factories. The firm plans to sell bonds in the Eurodollar bond market. The bonds will have a maturity of five years, a par value of $1000, and coupon payments of $50 per year. After transaction costs & fees each Eurodollar bonds will net $968.00. What is the cost of these Eurodollar bonds? (Round to two decimal places.) 5.00% 6.95% 5.75% 4.41%
The cost of the Eurodollar bonds is 5.75%.
How to calculate bond valuation and the calculation of the yield to maturity (YTM) using the present value of future cash flows?To calculate the cost of the Eurodollar bonds, we need to use the yield to maturity (YTM) formula. The YTM is the rate of return that equates the present value of all future cash flows from the bond to its current market price. The formula is:
P =[tex](\frac{C}{ r}) * (1 -\frac{ 1} { (1 + r)^n}) + \frac{F }{ (1 + r)^n}[/tex]
where P is the net price of the bond, C is the annual coupon payment, r is the YTM, n is the number of years to maturity, and F is the par value.
Using the given information, we can calculate the YTM as follows:
P = $968
C = $50
F = $1000
n = 5
968 = [tex](\frac{50} { r}) * (1 - \frac{1} { (1 + r)^5}) + \frac{1000 }{ (1 + r)^5}[/tex]
We can solve for r using numerical methods such as trial and error, or using Excel's RATE function. Doing so, we get:
r = 5.75%
Therefore, the cost of the Eurodollar bonds is 5.75%.
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Larry the Cucumber has been offered $14 million to star in the lead role of the next three Larry Boy adventure movies. If Larry takes this offer, he will have to forgo acting in other Veggie movies that would pay him $5 million at the end of each of the next three years. Assume Larry's personal cost of capital is 10% per year.
Explain why the NPV decision rule might provide Larry with a different decision outcome than the IRR rule when evaluating Larry's three movie deal offer.
Okay, here are the steps to evaluate this decision using NPV vs IRR for Larry the Cucumber:
NPV (Net Present Value) approach:
* Larry's $14 million offer for the next 3 Larry Boy movies has a present value of $14 / (1.1)^3 = $10.9 million (using 10% discount rate)
* The $5 million per year for 3 years from other movie roles has a present value of $5 * (1 + 0.1)^3 = $15 million
So the NPV of taking the $14 million 3-movie deal is $10.9 million, while passing it up for the $5 million per year roles has an NPV of $15 million. Hence, NPV favors passing up the $14 million offer.
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) approach:
* The $14 million 3-movie deal generates $14 million in total cash flows over 3 years.
* The $5 million per year for 3 years generates $15 million in total cash flows.
To calculate IRR, we set the present value of cash flows equal to the initial investment amount:
$14 million / (1 + IRR)^3 = $10.9 million
IRR = 34.8%
$15 million / (1 + IRR)^3 = $0
IRR = 20%
So the IRR of the $14 million 3-movie deal is 34.8% which is higher than the 20% IRR of the $5 million per year roles.
Hence, IRR favors taking the $14 million 3-movie deal offer.
In summary, NPV recommends passing up the offer while IRR recommends taking the offer, giving different decisions due to judging the offer based on either present value or internal return. Let me know if you need more details!
a seller of a business agrees not to open another business establishment similar to that being sold for six months. such an agreement is called a:
A seller of a business agrees not to open another business establishment similar to that being sold for six months. Such an agreement is called a non-compete clause or a non-compete agreement.
A non-compete clause is a contract between an employer and an employee or between a seller and a buyer of a business that restricts the employee or seller from engaging in similar business activities that compete with the employer's or buyer's business for a certain period of time and within a specific geographic area.
Non-compete clauses are common in industries where employees or sellers have access to confidential information, trade secrets, or customer lists that can be used to benefit a competing business. Non-compete clauses are often used to protect a company's interests and to prevent employees or sellers from taking advantage of their knowledge and skills to compete with their former employer or buyer.
However, non-compete clauses are also controversial because they can restrict an individual's ability to work and to earn a living, and they can be difficult to enforce in some jurisdictions.
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please answer in reference to Japanese Yen (JPY)
For Group JPY: Foreign currency warrant a) Describe how this FX derivative works (long position).
In reference to the japanese Yen (JPY), a foreign currency warrant is an FX derivative that allows the holder to take a long position on the underlying currency. This means that the investor is betting on an appreciation in the value of the Japanese Yen relative to another currency.
To better understand how a foreign currency warrant works, let's break down the process step-by-step:
1. The investor purchases a foreign currency warrant for a specific currency pair, such as JPY/USD, where JPY is the base currency and USD is the quote currency. This warrant gives the investor the right, but not the obligation, to buy JPY at a predetermined exchange rate (strike price) on or before a specified expiration date.
2. If the Japanese Yen appreciates in value against the US Dollar, the holder of the warrant may choose to exercise their right to buy JPY at the strike price. This would allow them to profit from the difference between the market exchange rate and the strike price.
3. However, if the JPY does not appreciate in value, or if it depreciates, the investor may choose not to exercise their warrant. In this case, the only loss they would incur would be the initial premium paid for the warrant.
4. It's important to note that foreign currency warrants can also be bought and sold in the secondary market. This means that investors can trade warrants before their expiration date, allowing them to capitalize on fluctuations in the value of the underlying currency.
In summary, a foreign currency warrant enables investors to take a long position on the Japanese Yen (JPY) by granting them the right to buy JPY at a predetermined exchange rate. This FX derivative can provide potential profits if the JPY appreciates in value, while limiting the downside risk to the initial premium paid for the warrant.
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Anle Corporation has a current price of $14, is expected to pay a dividend of $1 in one year, and its expected price right after paying that dividend is $15. a. What is Anle's expected dividend yield? b. What is Anle's expected capital gain rate? c. What is Anle's equity cost of capital? a. What is Anle's expected dividend yield? Anle's expected dividend yield is %. (Round to two decimal places.) b. What is Anle's expected capital gain rate? Anle's expected capital gain rate is %. (Round to two decimal places.) c. What is Anle's equity cost of capital? Anle's equity cost of capital is %. (Round to two decimal places.)
a. Anle's expected dividend yield is 7.14%.
b. Anle's expected capital gain rate is 7.14%.
c. Anle's equity cost of capital is 14.29%.
a. Anle's expected dividend yield can be calculated as the expected dividend ($1) divided by the current price ($14), which is 0.0714 or 7.14%.
b. Anle's expected capital gain rate can be calculated as the expected price ($15) minus the current price ($14), divided by the current price ($14), which is 0.0714 or 7.14%.
c. Anle's equity cost of capital can be calculated using the dividend discount model as the sum of the expected dividend ($1) divided by the current price ($14), plus the expected capital gain rate (0.0714), which is 0.1429 or 14.29%
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You have a saving plan. Under that plan, you will deposit $500 in a savings account with 12% (APR) at the end of every month. If you deposit that monthly amount for 10 years, how much your total saving will be at the end of the 10th year?
Your total savings at the end of the 10th year will be $121,962.62.
You have a saving plan in which you deposit $500 every month in a savings account with a 12% APR. To calculate the total savings at the end of 10 years, we need to use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^nt - 1] / r
Where:
FV = future value
P = periodic deposit amount ($500)
r = interest rate per period (12%/12 months = 1% = 0.01)
n = number of times the interest is compounded per year (12 times for monthly deposits)
t = number of years (10)
Plugging in the values, we get:
FV = 500 * [(1 + 0.01)¹²ˣ¹⁰ - 1] / 0.01
FV = 500 * [(1.01)¹²⁰ - 1] / 0.01
FV = 500 * 3.43924343 / 0.01
FV = 121,962.62
Therefore, your total savings at the end of the 10th year will be $121,962.62.
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4. Andre wants to buy a new car in a few years. He sets a goal to have (c) $ 43,950 in his savings account in order to buy a new car. Andre plans to save money for 5 years by making monthly deposits to a savings account that has an APR of 2.5% compounded monthly, Round answers to two decimal places. a. In order for Andre to reach his savings goal, how much will Andre need to save each month? (3 pt) b. Overall, Andre contributed how much of his own money into the savings account? (4 pt)
Andre needs to save $699.34 each month in order to have $43,950 in his savings account after 5 years, and his total personal contribution to the savings account will be: approximately $41,960.40.
a. To determine the amount Andre needs to save each month, we will use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula:
FV = P * (((1 + r)^nt - 1) / r)
Where FV is the future value of the annuity, P is the monthly deposit, r is the monthly interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
First, we need to convert the APR (2.5%) to a monthly interest rate:
2.5% / 12 = 0.2083% or 0.002083 as a decimal
Now, we can plug in the values:
$43,950 = P * (((1 + 0.002083)^60 - 1) / 0.002083)
Solving for P:
P = $43,950 / (((1 + 0.002083)^60 - 1) / 0.002083)
P ≈ $699.34
So, Andre needs to save approximately $699.34 each month to reach his savings goal.
b. To calculate the total amount of Andre's own money contributed to the savings account, we simply multiply the monthly deposit amount by the total number of months:
Total contribution = Monthly deposit * Number of months
Total contribution = $699.34 * 60
Total contribution ≈ $41,960.40
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Assume that you manage a risky portfolio with an expected rate of return of 17% and a standard deviation of 29%. The T-bill rate is 7.5%. Your client chooses to invest 75% of a portfolio in your fund and 25% in a T-bill money market fund. a. What is the expected return and standard deviation of your client's portfolio? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Expected return % per year Standard deviation % per year b. Suppose your risky portfolio includes the following investments in the given proportions: Stock A 25% Stock B 34% Stock C 41% What are the investment proportions of your client’s overall portfolio, including the position in T-bills? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Security Investment Proportions T-Bills % Stock A % Stock B % Stock C % c. What is the reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of your risky portfolio and your client's overall portfolio? (Round your answers to 4 decimal places.) Reward-to-Volatility Ratio Risky portfolio Client’s overall portfolio
a. The expected return of the client's portfolio can be calculated as follows:
Expected return = (0.75 x 17%) + (0.25 x 7.5%) = 14.125%
The standard deviation of the client's portfolio can be calculated using the following formula:
Standard deviation = √(0.75² x 29² + 0.25² x 0² + 2 x 0.75 x 0.25 x 29 x 0) = 19.95%
Therefore, the expected return of the client's portfolio is 14.13% per year and the standard deviation is 19.95% per year.
b. If the risky portfolio includes Stock A, Stock B, and Stock C in the given proportions, then the investment proportions of the client's overall portfolio can be calculated as follows:
T-Bills = 25%
Stock A = 0.25 x 75% = 18.75%
Stock B = 0.34 x 75% = 25.5%
Stock C = 0.41 x 75% = 30.75%
Therefore, the investment proportions of the client's overall portfolio are:
T-Bills = 25%
Stock A = 18.75%
Stock B = 25.5%
Stock C = 30.75%
c. The reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of the risky portfolio can be calculated as:
S = (17% - 7.5%) / 29% = 0.3276
The reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of the client's overall portfolio can be calculated as:
S = (14.125% - 7.5%) / 19.95% = 0.3279
Therefore, the reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of the risky portfolio is 0.3276 and the reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of the client's overall portfolio is 0.3279.
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A US importer is scheduled to pay 125,000 Swiss francs in 90 days. The premium for a Swiss franc call option with a strike price of 60 (cent per unit) and a 90-day settlement date is 1.20 cents per franc. The company anticipates that the spot rate in 90 days will be $0.62. Should the company hedge its accounts payable in the options market? If the spot rate were $0.59 in 90 days, how would it affect the company’s hedging decision?
Yes, the company should hedge its accounts payable in the options market. By purchasing the call option, the company can lock in the exchange rate at the strike price of 60 cents per franc, regardless of any potential fluctuations in the spot rate.
If the spot rate were to be $0.59 in 90 days, it would further justify the company's decision to hedge in the options market. Without the hedge, the company would have to pay more in US dollars to fulfill their accounts payable, resulting in a financial loss. However, with the call option, the company can still buy Swiss francs at the agreed upon strike price of 60 cents per franc, even if the spot rate is lower.
Therefore, hedging in the options market can help protect the company against potential losses due to unfavorable currency fluctuations.
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TRUE / FALSE 1. Intent to discriminate must be proven for a disparate impact case to be successful. 2. If the plaintiff proves their prima facie case under the McDonnell Douglas standard, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant to evidence a legitimate and nondiscriminatory reason for the discriminatory action. 3. them. Generally, regarding employment at-will, employees may be fired just because the boss doesn't like 4. An independent contractor is not considered an employee but is entitled to minimum wage and overtime protections. 5. One of the principal's duties is to keep an accounting during the agency relationship. 6. If an agent is acting within the scope of her employment, should she commit an intentional tort harming a third party the principal may be liable for the injuries sustained. The Social Security Act is funded through mandatory employment taxes paid by both the employer and employee. 8. The Fair Labor Standards Act does not cover all employees. 9. When an employee suffers a job related injury, the employee always has a choice of suing the employer in court or seeking workers' compensation. 10. Once an employee has established that she has a covered disability, the Americans with Disabilities Act requires that the employer make reasonable accommodations allowing the employee to perform the essential functions of the job.
1. FALSE. In a disparate impact case, intent to discriminate does not need to be proven, but rather the plaintiff must prove that a neutral policy or practice disproportionately affects a protected group.
2. TRUE. If the plaintiff proves their prima facie case, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant to provide evidence of a legitimate and nondiscriminatory reason for the action.
3. FALSE. Although employment at-will allows for termination without cause, employees cannot be fired for reasons that violate anti-discrimination laws.
4. TRUE. Independent contractors are not considered employees, but they are entitled to minimum wage and overtime protections under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
5. TRUE. One of the principal's duties in an agency relationship is to keep an accounting of the agent's actions.
6. TRUE. If an agent is acting within the scope of her employment and commits an intentional tort, the principal may be liable for the resulting injuries sustained by a third party.
7. TRUE. The Social Security Act is funded through mandatory employment taxes paid by both the employer and employee.
8. TRUE. The Fair Labor Standards Act does not cover all employees, but only those who meet certain criteria such as being non-exempt from overtime pay.
9. FALSE. When an employee suffers a job-related injury, the employee typically cannot sue the employer but instead must seek workers' compensation benefits.
10. TRUE. Once an employee establishes that they have a covered disability, the employer is required under the Americans with Disabilities Act to make reasonable accommodations allowing the employee to perform the essential functions of the job.
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grason corporation is preparing a budgeted balance sheet for current year. the retained earnings balance at december 31, of the previous year was $526,500. the current year budgeted income statement shows expected net income of $108,500. the company expects to declare dividends during the current year amounting to $36,500. the expected balance on december 31 of the current year in retained earnings on the budgeted balance sheet is:
The expected balance in retained earnings on December 31 of the current year in the budgeted balance sheet is $598,500.
How to calculate expected balance in retained earningsThe Grason Corporation is preparing a budgeted balance sheet for the current year.
The retained earnings balance on December 31 of the previous year was $526,500. The current year's budgeted income statement shows an expected net income of $108,500.
To calculate the expected balance in retained earnings on December 31 of the current year, we need to consider the dividends declared during the current year, which amount to $36,500.
To find the expected retained earnings balance, we can use the following formula:
Retained Earnings (Ending) = Retained Earnings (Beginning) + Net Income - Dividends
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Retained Earnings (Ending) = $526,500 + $108,500 - $36,500
Retained Earnings (Ending) = $598,500
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As one of the largest U.S. coal producers with approximately 1,600 employees, this $1.4 billion-dollar company is a fuel supplier for approximately 4% of the nation’s electricity. With a limited staff that was overwhelmed by increasing business demands, project quality began to wane for this young company as they grappled with managing the IT project portfolio. Although projects were being completed, the cost of project delivery was also increasing. The client’s leadership team recognized that something was wrong, and knew they needed outside support to evaluate the situation and identify the best remedies to apply.
Your task is to brainstorm as to what the project manager can do to improve project and portfolio management, in order to control costs and increase yield.
1. What can be done to identify warning signs earlier in the project, to address quality issues?
2. What kind of infrastructure needs to be in place to successfully complete this project?
3. What could you (as the Project Manager) do differently the next time you are dealing with an overwhelmed staff and increasing business demands?
1. The project manager can establish a culture of transparency and open communication, encouraging team members to report concerns and issues as soon as they arise.
2. The PMO should also define and enforce project management standards and best practices, and provide training and resources to help team members develop their skills.
3. The project manager can focus on team development, providing training, coaching, and mentoring to help team members improve their skills and productivity.
A project manager is a professional responsible for overseeing and leading projects within an organization. They are responsible for planning, organizing, executing, and monitoring a project to ensure it meets its goals within the given time frame and budget. The project manager's main focus is to ensure that the project is completed successfully and meets the expectations of all stakeholders.
Project managers typically have a broad range of responsibilities, including defining project goals, creating project plans, managing project resources, communicating with stakeholders, tracking progress, managing risk, and ensuring that the project is delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. To be a successful project manager, one must possess excellent organizational, communication, leadership, and problem-solving skills.
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1. The employee (A) and the employer (B) have to make decisions. A has to choose whether to pursue training that costs $1,200 or not. B has to decide whether to pay a fixed wage of $15,000 to A or share the revenues of the enterprise 50:50 with A. The output is affected by both training and revenue sharing. To be specific, with no training and a fixed wage, the total output is $20,000. If either training or profit sharing is implemented the output rises to $22,000. If both training and revenue sharing are implemented, the output is $25, 000.
(1) Construct the pay-off matrix. (25 points)
(2) Is there any Nash equilibrium? Why? (25 points)
1) The pay-off matrix can be constructed as follows:
Employer B
| Fixed Wage | Revenue Sharing
--------------------------------------------
Employee A | |
No Training | (15,000,5,000) | (11,000,11,000)
--------------------------------------------
Training | (13,800,6,200) | (11,900,11,900)
Each entry in the matrix shows the payoff for the employee (A) and the employer (B) under each combination of decisions.
2) A Nash equilibrium exists when no player can improve their outcome by unilaterally changing their strategy. In this case, there is a Nash equilibrium:
No Training and Revenue Sharing: If the employee chooses not to pursue training and the employer chooses revenue sharing, both the employee and the employer receive an 11,000 payoff. If the employee decides to pursue training, their payoff would increase to 11,900, but the employer's payoff would decrease to 11,900. Similarly, if the employer decides to switch to a fixed wage, their payoff would increase to 5,000, but the employee's payoff would decrease to 15,000. In this case, both parties are better off staying with their current decision, making it a Nash equilibrium.
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Suppose the yield on short-term government securities (perceived to be risk-free) is about 5%. Suppose also that the expected return required by the market for a portfolio with a beta of 1.0 is 14.0%. According to the capital asset pricing model:
Required:
a. What is the expected return on the market portfolio? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)
b. What would be the expected return on a zero-beta stock?
Answer:
Explanation:
Suppose the yield on short-term government securities (perceived to be risk-free) is about 4%. Suppose also that the expected return required by the market for a portfolio with a beta of 1 is 12%. According to the capital asset pricing model:
a. What is the expected return on the market portfolio?
b. What would be the expected return on a zero-beta stock?
c. Suppose you consider buying a share of stock at a price of $40. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3 next year and to sell then for $41. The stock risk has been evaluated at β = - .5. Is the stock overpriced or underpriced?
The correct answer would be:
a. 12%
b. 4%
c. Underpriced
How bid- ask spreads are determined? What are the components of
the bid-ask spread?
Bid-ask spreads are determined by market factors such as supply and demand, liquidity, and trading volume.The components of the spread include the bid price, the ask price, and the difference between the two, which is the spread.
A larger spread is usually indicative of lower liquidity and higher volatility in the market. The bid price represents the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security, while the ask price represents the lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
Market makers and other intermediaries may also play a role in determining bid-ask spreads by adjusting their quotes based on market conditions and their own risk management strategies. Overall, bid-ask spreads can be influenced by a variety of factors and can have a significant impact on the profitability of trades.
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charlie wants to generate long-term, new demand for their brand by reaching those who are not currently engaging with the category. what stage of the customer journey should charlie focus on?
Charlie should focus on the awareness stage of the customer journey to generate long-term, new demand for their brand.
At this stage, potential customers may not be aware of the brand or the category in which it operates. By creating brand awareness and educating customers about the benefits of the category, Charlie can attract new customers who were not previously engaged with the category. This can be done through various marketing tactics such as advertising, content marketing, and social media.
Once awareness is created, Charlie can then focus on nurturing those potential customers and moving them through the consideration and decision stages of the customer journey.
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Document how the ability of monetary authorities to reduce involuntary unemployment depends on the marginal propensity to consume, on the sensitivity of investment to changes in interest rates, and the sensitivity of net exports to the exchange rate. Please include in charts or graphs to verify your thinking process
Monetary authorities, such as central banks, have the ability to reduce involuntary unemployment through various policies.
The effectiveness of these policies depends on several factors, including the marginal propensity to consume, the sensitivity of investment to changes in interest rates, and the sensitivity of net exports to the exchange rate.
The marginal propensity to consume refers to the amount of additional consumption that occurs when disposable income increases. If this propensity is high, then monetary policy can be more effective in reducing unemployment because an increase in spending will have a larger impact on overall demand.
The sensitivity of investment to changes in interest rates is also important. If investment is highly sensitive to interest rates, then monetary policy can be effective in stimulating investment and increasing overall demand. On the other hand, if investment is relatively insensitive to interest rates, then monetary policy may have limited impact.
Finally, the sensitivity of net exports to the exchange rate is also a key factor. If net exports are highly sensitive to changes in the exchange rate, then monetary policy can be effective in stimulating exports and increasing overall demand. However, if net exports are relatively insensitive to the exchange rate, then monetary policy may have limited impact.
Overall, the effectiveness of monetary policy in reducing involuntary unemployment depends on several factors, including the marginal propensity to consume, the sensitivity of investment to changes in interest rates, and the sensitivity of net exports to the exchange rate. These factors can be analyzed and incorporated into policy decisions using charts or graphs to visualize the potential impact of different policy options.
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each year picoso, inc., follows a budgeting process. the first step is always to look at the previous year's budget and see if anything needs to be updated. picoso uses ____ budgeting.
Each year Picoso, Inc. follows a budgeting process. The first step in this process is always to look at the previous year's budget and see if anything needs to be updated. Picoso uses incremental budgeting.
In Picoso's case, they begin their annual budgeting process by reviewing the previous year's budget. They analyze any variances between their budgeted and actual expenses, as well as evaluate their overall financial performance. This analysis helps them identify areas where they may need to make adjustments or allocate more resources.
Next, Picoso considers any changes in their business environment or operations that may affect their budget. This could include factors such as market trends, economic conditions, or new strategic initiatives. They then incorporate these factors into their updated budget, making adjustments to various line items as needed.
Once they have updated their budget based on these considerations, Picoso reviews and finalizes the new budget. This may involve discussions and negotiations between different departments within the organization, ensuring that everyone is aligned and in agreement on the budget allocations.
In conclusion, Picoso, Inc. uses incremental budgeting in their annual budgeting process. This method allows them to make updates and adjustments based on their performance and experience from the previous year's budget, helping them to optimize their financial planning and resource allocation for the upcoming year.
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an organization's production server recently crashed right after they completed installing a security patch. to minimize the probability of this happening again, what should the organization do? the organization should thoroughly test the patch before sending it into the production environment the organization should apply the patch according to the vendor's patch release notes the organization should ensure that there is a good change management process in place the organization should approve the patch only after doing a proper risk assessment
When an organization's production server crashes after installing a security patch, it can be a frustrating and costly experience.
How to prevent the crash in organization's productionTo prevent this from happening again, the organization needs to take a few steps.
First, they should thoroughly test the patch before sending it into the production environment. This will help identify any potential issues before they cause any harm.
Secondly, they should apply the patch according to the vendor's patch release notes. This will ensure that the patch is being applied correctly and that it's compatible with the current system.
Thirdly, the organization should ensure that there is a good change management process in place. This will help ensure that all changes are properly documented and approved before implementation.
Finally, the organization should approve the patch only after doing a proper risk assessment. This will help identify any potential risks and allow the organization to take necessary precautions. By taking these steps, the organization can minimize the probability of another security patch-related crash.
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in addition to unity of command, hierarchy of authority, and division of labor, henri fayol's organizational principles included of interests
Henri Fayol, a prominent French management theorist, proposed fourteen principles of management, which are still relevant today. One of these principles is the principle of "Esprit de Corps," which translates to "unity of interests" or "team spirit."
According to Fayol, employees must feel that their interests are aligned with those of the organization in which they work. This means that management must work to create a sense of loyalty, devotion, and enthusiasm among employees towards the organization. Employees must feel that their contribution is essential to the success of the organization, and that they are part of a team working towards a common goal.
To foster the principle of "Esprit de Corps," Fayol emphasized the importance of effective communication, recognition of employee efforts, and the provision of opportunities for personal and professional growth. When employees feel valued and appreciated, they are more likely to be loyal to their organization, work harder, and be more productive.
By contrast, when employees feel that their interests are not aligned with those of the organization, they are more likely to be disengaged, unproductive, and may even actively work against the organization's goals.
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Explain as true, false or uncertain.
a. The residual dividend approach is based on the premise that a firm’s dividend payout is of secondary concern behind investment needs.
b. Both the dividends and the dividend policy are irrelevant in determining share value.
c. Going public establishes a true market value for the firm and ensures that a liquid market will always exist for the firm’s shares.
d. If the shape of the curve depicting a firm’s WACC versus its debt ratio is more like a sharp "V" as opposed to a shallow "U", it is easier for the firm to maintain a steady dividend in the face of varying investment opportunities from year to year.
e. One implication of the bird-in-the-hand theory of dividends is that a reduction in dividend yield must be offset by a more than proportionate increase in growth in order to keep a firm’s required return constant, other things held constant.
a. True
b. False
c. Uncertain
d. False
e. False
How to determine the validity of five statements related to finance and investments?a. True - The residual dividend approach suggests that a firm should first invest in all positive NPV projects and then pay dividends from the remaining earnings. This approach assumes that investment needs are of primary concern, and dividend payments should be made after meeting these needs.
b. False - Dividends and dividend policy can have a significant impact on a firm's share value. For example, an increase in dividends can signal to investors that the company is performing well, leading to an increase in share value. Similarly, a decrease in dividends can lead to a decrease in share value.
c. Uncertain - Going public can establish a market value for the firm, but it does not guarantee that a liquid market will always exist for the firm's shares. Factors such as market conditions, the performance of the company, and overall investor sentiment can affect the liquidity of the firm's shares.
d. True - A sharp "V" shape in the curve depicting a firm's WACC versus its debt ratio implies that there is a narrow range of debt levels where the WACC is relatively stable. This stability in the WACC makes it easier for the firm to maintain a steady dividend, as the cost of capital is less sensitive to changes in investment opportunities.
e - The bird-in-the-hand theory of dividends suggests that investors prefer current dividends to future dividends, as current dividends are less uncertain. If a firm reduces its dividend yield, it must offset this reduction with a more than proportionate increase in growth to maintain its required return, as investors may demand a higher rate of return to compensate for the reduced dividend yield.
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The Harding Corporation has $51.8 million of bonds outstanding that were issued at a coupon rate of 12 25 percent seven years ago Interest rates have fallen to 10.9 percent. Preston Alter, the vice-president of finance, does not expect rates to fall ony further. The bonds have 18 years left to maturity, and Preston would like to refund the bonds with a new issue of equal amount also having 18 years to maturity. The Harding Corporation has a tax rate of 175 percent. The underwriting cost on the old issue was 43 percent of the total bond value. The underwriting cost on the new issue will be 18 percent of the total bond value. The original bond indenture contained a five-year protection against a call, with an 8 percent call premium starting in the sixth year and scheduled to decline by one half percent each year thereafter (Consider the bond to be seven years old for purposes of computing the premium) Use Appendix D a. Compute the discount rate. (Round the final answer to 2 decimal places.) Discount rate % b. Calculate the present Value of total outflows. (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions, Round "PV Factor" to 3 to 3 decimal places, Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar) Total outflows $ c. Calculate the present value of total inflows (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions. Round "PV Factor" to 3 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations, Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar) Total inflows d. Calculate the net present value (Enter the answers in whole dollars, not in millions. Round "PV Factor" to 3 decimal places. Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to nearest whole dollar. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.) Net present value e. Should the Harding Corporation refund the old issue? O No o Yes
a. The discount rate is 10.51%.
b. The present value of total outflows is $76,770,000.
c. The present value of total inflows is $80,012,756.
d. The net present value is $3,242,756.
e. Yes, the Harding Corporation should refund the old issue because the net present value is positive, indicating that the new issue will generate more cash inflows than outflows.
Additionally, the current interest rate environment is favorable, allowing for a lower coupon rate on the new issue and resulting in cost savings for the company over the long term.
To determine whether it is beneficial to refund the old bond issue, we need to calculate the present value of total outflows and inflows and subtract the former from the latter to obtain the net present value. We then compare the net present value to zero.
A positive net present value indicates that the new issue will generate more cash inflows than outflows and is therefore preferable. In this case, the net present value is positive, so the Harding Corporation should refund the old issue. Refunding will result in cost savings due to the lower coupon rate on the new issue and the favorable interest rate environment.
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